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The clue of genomic instability in breast cancer
September 07, 2004New research has shown, using human tissue biopsies - a hypothesis that until now could only be argued indirectly using cell cultures - that the significant increase in genomic "disorder" that is associated with breast cancer occurs in the transition between the typical hyperplasia and the in situ carcinoma, coinciding with a reduction to a critical minimum in the cell chromosome terminations (known as telomeres). This process of critical reduction, occurring due to the accumulation of cell divisions, causes problems in the cell division process, giving rise to cells with an abnormal genetic content. These cells are normally detected and eliminated from the organism thanks to a complex control and defence mechanism, but the activation of a protein known as telomerase is capable of short-circuiting these defence mechanisms and perpetuate these cells with abnormal genetic content, facilitating the development of the cancer.
The research work was carried out in the prestigious Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory of the US Department of Energy at Berkeley (California) in collaboration with the University of California in San Francisco.
The contribution of the Spanish scientists Carlos Ortiz de Sol'łrzano and Enrique Garc'a Rodr'guez to the research was the development of programmes for the analysis of images from confocal 3D microscopy by which each cell can be observed separately and the amount of DNA in each cell nucleus determined. The number of de copies of genes involved in the development of the cancer and the number and length of the telomeres of these cells can be thus determined. This study would not have been possible without the 3D scientific visualisation programmes. The task group at the Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory was directed by Dr. Carlos Ortiz de Sol'łrzano, who leads a microscopy and biomedical image analysis group.
The work published by the latest number of Nature Genetics, one of the scientific journals with most impact in the field of biomedical research and the magazine of reference for genomic investigation, suggests that persons with benign tumours and who have a greater risk of developing cancer could be identified at an early stage by measuring telomerase activity; it opens the doors to the development of new therapeutic agents that selectively eliminate the tumorous cells, avoiding the reactivation of the telomerase enzyme in cells with an abnormal genetic content, or eliminate cells where the enzyme has been reactivated.
Elhuyar Fundazioa
The work published by the latest number of Nature Genetics, one of the scientific journals with most impact in the field of biomedical research and the magazine of reference for genomic investigation, suggests that persons with benign tumours and who have a greater risk of developing cancer could be identified at an early stage by measuring telomerase activity; it opens the doors to the development of new therapeutic agents that selectively eliminate the tumorous cells, avoiding the reactivation of the telomerase enzyme in cells with an abnormal genetic content, or eliminate cells where the enzyme has been reactivated.
Elhuyar Fundazioa
Breast Cancer Current Events and Breast Cancer News RSSTeam finds breast cancer gene linked to disease spread
A team of researchers at Princeton University and The Cancer Institute of New Jersey has identified a long-sought gene that is fatefully switched on in 30 to 40 percent of all breast cancer patients, spreading the disease, resisting traditional chemotherapies and eventually leading to death.
Dormant cancer cells rely on cellular self-cannibalization to survive
A single tumor-suppressing gene is a key to understanding, and perhaps killing, dormant ovarian cancer cells that persist after initial treatment only to reawaken years later, researchers at The University of Texas M. D. Anderson Cancer Center report in the December Journal of Clinical Investigation.
How to enhance non-thermal effects of ultrasound
In recent years HIFU has been widely used for the treatment of solid tumors, such as liver tumor, bone tumor, and breast cancer. The mechanism for therapeutic actions of HIFU includes thermal effects and non-thermal effects with the latter dominated by cavitational effects.
Obesity Increases Lymphedema Risk for Breast Cancer Survivors
Throughout the world, 10 million breast cancer survivors have a lifetime risk for developing lymphedema, a chronic condition that involves swelling of the limbs and impacts physical and psychosocial health.
Researchers compile 'molecular manual' for 100s of inherited diseases
An international research team has compiled the first catalogue of tissue-specific pathologies underlying hundreds of inherited diseases.
Modified gene targets cancer cells a thousand times more often than healthy cells
Researchers at the University of Rochester have designed a gene that produces a thousand times more protein in cancer cells than in healthy cells.
Meta-analyses of global trials finds in favor of aromatase inhibitors
Two separate meta-analyses of clinical trials from around the world that tested tamoxifen against aromatase inhibitor drugs in postmenopausal women with early breast cancer have each reached the same conclusion: aromatase inhibitors are more effective in preventing breast cancer from coming back.
Interactive gene 'networks' may predict if leukemia is aggressive or slow-growing
Rather than testing for individual marker genes or proteins, researchers at the University of California, San Diego (UC San Diego) and the Moores UCSD Cancer Center have evidence that groups, or networks, of interactive genes may be more reliable in determining the likelihood that a form of leukemia is fast-moving or slow-growing.
Confusing risk information may lead to poor cancer treatment choices
A new study from researchers at the University of Michigan Comprehensive Cancer Center found that a tool commonly used by doctors to estimate the risk of a woman's breast cancer returning after surgery is not very effective at explaining risk to patients.
M. D. Anderson to hold first international conference on inflammatory breast cancer
The University of Texas M. D. Anderson Cancer Center will hold the first international inflammatory breast cancer (IBC) conference on December 6-7, to bring together internationally recognized breast cancer clinicians and scientists.
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