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Therapeutic Cloning No Longer A Dream, Says Scientist Who Produced First Cloned Embryonic Stem Cell
June 30, 2004A member of the team who were the first in the world to produce stem cells from a cloned human embryo told the 20th annual conference of the European Society for Human Reproduction and Embryology on Wednesday 30 June that the work could generate potentially unlimited undifferentiated stem cells. These could eventually be used for tissue repair and transplantation medicine, said Professor Shin-Yong Moon at a media briefing.
Professor Moon and his colleagues at Seoul National University, South Korea, took 242 eggs from 16 healthy donors. Using the cloning technique somatic cell nuclear transfer (SNCT), the researchers removed the nucleus of each unfertilised egg and replacing it with the nucleus taken from a cell from the cumulus - the clump of cells that surrounds the egg - of the donor. The eggs were then stimulated to begin dividing and after a few days 30 blastocysts were produced. From these the researchers were able to extract one colony of stem cells.
Although the procedure is highly experimental and still needs refinement, its publication was greeted with great enthusiasm because of its potential to produce stem cells which are genetically identical to the donor. In principle stem cells can be directed to develop into any tissue.
"This means that patients who received them as part of a treatment would not reject the cells as foreign", said Professor Moon. "We call this therapeutic cloning to differentiate it from reproductive cloning, where the aim would be to implant the cloned embryo into a woman in order to produce a baby. In therapeutic cloning, the embryo is destroyed after the stem cells have been harvested."
Scientists believe that therapeutic cloning holds great promise for the treatment of a large number of currently untreatable conditions, including many inherited diseases.
"Our first attempt was clearly not very efficient", said Professor Moon. "We only managed to harvest one stem cell line. We do not know whether this was due to something going wrong in the development of the cloned embryo, or whether we need to make small variations in our experimental procedures. But this will become clearer as we proceed.
"In the meantime, we believe that we have opened the door to an extraordinary revolution in medicine, where one day transplanting organs from other donors will become a thing of the past, and where millions of people with have access to life-saving therapies developed from their own DNA," he said.
WordMason
"This means that patients who received them as part of a treatment would not reject the cells as foreign", said Professor Moon. "We call this therapeutic cloning to differentiate it from reproductive cloning, where the aim would be to implant the cloned embryo into a woman in order to produce a baby. In therapeutic cloning, the embryo is destroyed after the stem cells have been harvested."
Scientists believe that therapeutic cloning holds great promise for the treatment of a large number of currently untreatable conditions, including many inherited diseases.
"Our first attempt was clearly not very efficient", said Professor Moon. "We only managed to harvest one stem cell line. We do not know whether this was due to something going wrong in the development of the cloned embryo, or whether we need to make small variations in our experimental procedures. But this will become clearer as we proceed.
"In the meantime, we believe that we have opened the door to an extraordinary revolution in medicine, where one day transplanting organs from other donors will become a thing of the past, and where millions of people with have access to life-saving therapies developed from their own DNA," he said.
WordMason
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Magnetic nanoparticles to simultaneously diagnose, monitor and treat
Whether it's magnetic nanoparticles (mNPs) giving an army of 'therapeutically armed' white blood cells direction to invade a deadly tumour's territory, or the use of mNPs to target specific nerve channels and induce nerve-led behaviour (such as the life-dependant thumping of our hearts), mNPs have come a long way in the past decade.
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NIH-funded researchers transform embryonic stem cells into human germ cells
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Placental precursor stem cells require testosterone-free environment to survive
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Endocrine Society calls for expanded scope and funding for stem cell research
Stem cell research holds great promise for the treatment of millions of Americans with debilitating and possibly fatal diseases.
Experimental treatments restore partial vision to blind people
Two experimental treatments, a retinal prosthesis and fetal tissue transplant, restored some vision to people with blinding eye diseases. The findings, presented at Neuroscience 2009, the annual meeting of the Society for Neuroscience and the world's largest source of emerging news on brain science and health, may lead to new treatments for the blind.
Scientists demonstrate link between genetic defect and brain changes in schizophrenia
Researchers at the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill School of Medicine have found that the 22q11 gene deletion - a mutation that confers the highest known genetic risk for schizophrenia - is associated with changes in the development of the brain that ultimately affect how its circuit elements are assembled.
Small mechanical forces have big impact on embryonic stem cells
Applying a small mechanical force to embryonic stem cells could be a new way of coaxing them into a specific direction of differentiation, researchers at the University of Illinois report. Applications for force-directed cell differentiation include therapeutic cloning and regenerative medicine.
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