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What makes an axon an axon?
Inside every axon is a dendrite waiting to get out. Hedstrom et al. converted mature axons into dendrites by banishing a protein crucial for neuron development. view more (2008-11-10)
Turn back, wayward axon
To a growing axon, the protein RGMa is a "Wrong Way" sign, alerting it to head in another direction. As Hata et al. demonstrate in the March 9, 2009 issue of the Journal of Cell Biology, translating that signal into cellular action requires teamwork from two receptors. view more (2009-03-09)
Brain cells work differently than previously thought
Scientists know that information travels between brain cells along hairlike extensions called axons. For the first time, researchers have found that axons don't just transmit information - they can turn the signal up or down with the right stimulation. view more (2007-08-20)
Neurons found to be similar to Electoral College
A tiny neuron is a very complicated structure. Its complex network of dendrites, axons and synapses is constantly dealing with information, deciding whether or not to send a nerve impulse, to drive a certain action. view more (2009-09-15)
Telling axons where to go - and grow
In a recent study, Dr. Ingolf Bach and colleagues from the University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester and the University of Hamburg (Germany) describe a novel role for the ubiquitin/proteosome protein degradation pathway in the regulation of local actin dynamics in neurons. view more (2005-10-03)
Master regulator found for regenerating nerve fibers in live animals
Researchers at Children's Hospital Boston report that an enzyme known as Mst3b, previously identified in their lab, is essential for regenerating damaged axons (nerve fibers) in a live animal model, in both the peripheral and central nervous systems. view more (2009-10-26)
Weizmann scientists discover a new line of communication between nervous system cells
In a host of neurological diseases, including multiple sclerosis (MS) and several neuropathies, the protective covering surrounding the nerves - an insulating material called myelin - is damaged. view more (2007-06-27)
MDC researchers discover molecule responsible for axonal branching
The human brain consists of about 100 billion (1011) neurons, which altogether form about 100 trillion (1014) synaptic connections with each other. view more (2009-09-22)
Mayo Clinic study unveils unprecedented method to predict ALS, Parkinson's disease
A new Mayo Clinic study details an unprecedented method to predict brain aging disorders such as amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS, or Lou Gehrig's disease) and Parkinson's disease. view more (2008-01-16)
Lipids play important role in nervous system development
Blocking a signaling lipid can keep nerves from developing the arm-like extensions they need to wire the body and may even cause neurons to die, researchers have found. view more (2005-10-25)
Most important actors in the growth process of neurons identified
Defects in the growth process of our neurons often underlie brain or nerve diseases, such as Alzheimer's disease or multiple sclerosis. view more (2006-10-12)
Salk and Stanford teams join forces to reveal two paths of neurodegeneration
Wiring the developing brain is like creating a topiary garden. Shrubs don't automatically assume the shape of ornamental elephants, and neither do immature nerve cells immediately recognize the "right" target cell. Abundant foliage, either vegetal or neuronal, must first sprout and then be sculpted into an ordered structure. view more (2006-06-15)
A second career for a growth factor receptor: keeping nerve axons on target
Neurons constituting the optic nerve wire up to the brain in a highly dynamic way. Cell bodies in the developing retina sprout processes, called axons, which extend toward visual centers in the brain, lured by attractive cues and making U-turns when they take the wrong path. view more (2008-09-12)
Rare genetic disorder gives clues to autism, epilepsy, mental retardation
A rare genetic disorder called tuberous sclerosis complex (TSC) is yielding insight into a possible cause of some neurodevelopmental disorders: structural abnormalities in neurons, or brain cells. view more (2008-09-24)
New Tools Developed for Studying Neurodegenerative Brain Disorders
Penn State researchers have created an elegantly simple model of an axon-the extension of a neuron that communicates with other neurons-and have used this model to reproduce a change in the axon's shape that is characteristic of neurodegenerative disorders such as Alzheimer's and Parkinson's diseases. view more (2006-03-22)
COPAXONE® may repair nerve damage in Multiple Sclerosis patients
Clinical research data published in the December issue of Multiple Sclerosis provided evidence that COPAXONE® (glatiramer acetate injection) may offer protection from axonal injury and induced neuronal metabolic recovery in patients with relapsing remitting multiple sclerosis (RRMS). view more (2005-11-15)
Scientists Shed Light on Long-Distance Signaling in Developing Neurons
A longstanding puzzle in neurodevelopment may have yielded up a key secret. A team led by scientists at Weill Cornell Medical College says they have determined how events at the very tips of the developing neuron's long, skinny axon affect gene transcription back in the cell's distant nucleus. view more (2008-02-20)
Growth factor stimulates rapid extension of key motor neurons in brain
A growth factor known to be important for the survival of many types of cells stimulates rapid extension of corticospinal motor neurons - critical brain cells that connect the cerebral cortex with the spinal cord and that die in motor neuron diseases like amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS or Lou Gehrig's disease). view more (2006-11-06)
Brain works more chaotically than previously thought
The brain appears to process information more chaotically than has long been assumed. This is demonstrated by a new study conducted by scientists at the University of Bonn. view more (2007-02-28)
Identification of a key molecular pathway required for brain neural circuit formation
The research group of Dr. Frédéric Charron, a researcher at the Institut de recherches cliniques de Montréal (IRCM), has made a discovery which could help treat spinal cord injuries and neurodegenerative diseases. view more (2009-05-18)
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