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Chromosomes Current Events | Chromosomes News

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How do you know whether you are male or female?
New research published online this week in the open-access journal PLoS Biology investigates this basic and much-studied question in the fruit fly, and comes to a surprising new conclusion.   view more (2007-12-27)

Double identities lie behind chromosome disorders
Chromosome disorders in sex cells cause infertility, miscarriage and irregular numbers of chromosomes (aneuploidy) in neonates. A new study from Karolinska Institutet published in the scientific journal Nature Genetics shows how chromosome disorders can arise when sex cells are formed.   view more (2007-07-09)

A new explanation for evolutionary changes in genetic sex-determination systems
In animals with separate sexes, embryos commit to becoming male or female at an early stage. Often this key decision is made by sex determination genes on the sex chromosomes. The genes involved in sexual development have changed remarkably little during evolution. In contrast, the sex... view more (2007-10-22)

Researchers shed light on shrinking of chromosomes
A human cell contains an enormous 1.8 metres of DNA partitioned into 46 chromosomes.   view more (2007-06-12)

Evolution of genomic imprinting
How we come to express the genes of one parent over the other is now better understood through studying the platypus and marsupial wallaby - and it doesn't seem to have originated in association with sex chromosomes.   view more (2007-09-07)

Skin Condition Linked to Genetics in Caucasian and Chinese Populations
A study at the University of Sheffield in the UK was conducted on the skin condition called psoriasis, revealing a link between susceptibility to psoriasis and regions on chromosomes 6p21 and 4q28-q31. According to the study, psoriasis, a chronic inflammatory dermatosis, is believed to be... view more (2004-07-15)

Geneticists Determine The Lack Of Chromosomes
A healthy person's genome contains 46 chromosomes, but an individual cell can contain less. Contemporary methods allow to determine the value of losses rather accurately. The Tomsk researchers' effort has been supported by the Russian Foundation for Basic Research. An average statistical cell of a... view more (2004-06-15)

Fungi can tell us about the origin of sex chromosomes
Fungi do not have sexes, just so-called mating types. A new study being published today in the prestigious journal PLoS shows that there are great similarities between the parts of DNA that determine the sex of plants and animals and the parts of DNA that determine mating types in certain fungi.   view more (2008-03-18)

Sequencing method yields fuller picture
University of Southern California biologists have developed a method for sequencing both chromosomes of an organism.   view more (2007-07-18)

The meiotic histone code
Dr. Terry Orr-Weaver and colleagues (MIT & Nagasaki University School of Medicine) present the first genetic analysis of the recently identified nucleosomal histone kinase, NHK-1.   view more (2005-10-17)

Hotspots found for chromosome gene swapping
Crossovers and double-strand DNA breaks do not occur randomly on yeast chromosomes during meiosis, but are greatly influenced by the proximity of the chromosome's telomere, according to research in the laboratory of Whitehead Fellow Andreas Hochwagen.   view more (2007-11-30)

Short chromosomes put cancer cells in forced rest
A Johns Hopkins team has stopped in its tracks a form of blood cancer in mice by engineering and inactivating an enzyme, telomerase, thereby shortening the ends of chromosomes, called telomeres.   view more (2007-04-26)

Columbia University Medical Center researchers discover potential mechanism for tumor growth
Researchers at Columbia University Medical Center have identified an inherent feature of stem and progenitor cells that may promote initiation and progression of cancerous tumors.   view more (2005-12-16)

MIT sheds light on how tumor cells form
MIT cancer researchers have discovered a process that may explain how some tumor cells form, a discovery that could one day lead to new therapies that prevent defective cells from growing and spreading.   view more (2006-06-22)

Tug-of-cell war
Researchers at the School of Life Sciences, University of Dundee have made an exciting new discovery on how cells regulate themselves and prevent cancer as reported in Nature tomorrow (Wednesday). Dr Tomo Tanaka and his team members, Drs Hilary Dewar and Kozo Tanaka have uncovered a tug of war that... view more (2004-02-10)

Normal chromosome ends elicit a limited DNA damage response
Researchers at the Salk Institute for Biological Studies discovered that cells co-opted the machinery that usually repairs broken strands of DNA to protect the integrity of chromosomes.   view more (2005-11-28)

Genetic test improves artificial fertilization
Polar body diagnosis can make artificial fertilization more successful, according to Katrin and Hans van der Ven and Markus Montag of Bonn University Clinic.   view more (2008-03-28)

Physicist cracks women's random but always lucky choice of X chromosome
A University of Warwick physicist has uncovered how female cells are able to choose randomly between their two X chromosomes and why that choice is always lucky.   view more (2007-06-13)

Rong Li Lab probes mechanism of asymmetry in meiotic cell division
The Stowers Institute's Rong Li Lab has characterized a mechanism that allows for asymmetrical cell division during meiosis in oocytes. By tracking chromosome movement in live mouse oocytes, the team discovered that chromosomes can recruit to their vicinity a protein called formin-2.   view more (2008-10-08)

Essential genes cluster clue to order in the genome
The identification of a cluster of essential genes on mouse chromosome 11 as well as similar clusters on the chromosomes of other organisms - including humans - buttresses the argument that there may be rules as to how genes are structured or laid out on chromosomes.   view more (2007-05-04)

Chromosome glue repairs damaged DNA
When a strand of DNA breaks in the body's cells, it normally does not take long until it has been repaired. Now researchers at the Swedish medical university Karolinska Institutet have discovered a new mechanism that helps to explain how the cell performs these repairs. The results are presented in... view more (2007-07-16)

Researchers identify new drug targets for cancer
Solving a 100-year-old genetic puzzle, researchers at the University of California, San Diego (UCSD) School of Medicine have determined that the same genetic mechanism that drives tumor growth can also act as a tumor suppressor.   view more (2007-01-02)

A unique arrangement for egg cell division
Which genes are passed on from mother to child is decided very early on during the maturation of the egg cell in the ovary.   view more (2007-08-10)

New Understanding Of Role Of Breast Cancer Gene In Normal Function And Disease
Researchers at the Medical Research Council (MRC) Cancer Cell Unit, Cambridge have gained an important new insight into the role of the breast cancer gene known as BRCA2. It appears to have a key function in cell division which needs to happen accurately for normal cell reproduction and repair,... view more (2004-10-28)

Cell survival depends on chromosome integrity
As part of a large National Institutes of Health-funded Technology Centers for Networks and Pathways project, Johns Hopkins researchers have discovered protein machinery important for cells to keep chromosomes intact.   view more (2006-07-10)
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