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How cells change gears: New insights published in Nature Genetics
Bioinformatics researchers from UC San Diego just moved closer to unlocking the mystery of how human cells switch from "proliferation mode" to "specialization mode." This computational biology work from the Jacobs School of Engineering's bioengineering department could lead to new ideas for curbing unwanted cell... view more... (2009-04-21)
Most human-chimp differences due to gene regulation - not genes
The vast differences between humans and chimpanzees are due more to changes in gene regulation than differences in individual genes themselves, researchers from Yale, the University of Chicago, and the Hall Institute in Parkville, Victoria, Australia, argue in the 9 March 2006 issue of the journal Nature. view more (2006-03-09)
Stowers Institute's Workman Lab discovers novel histone demethylase protein complex
The Stowers Institute's Workman Lab has discovered a novel histone demethylase protein complex characterized in work published today in Molecular Cell. view more (2008-12-08)
APL regulates vascular tissue identity in Arabidopsis
Plants have a conductive tissue, phloem, for transporting sugars and hormones to non-green parts after photosynthesis. Phloem has two basic cell types, enucleate sieve elements (SE) and companion cells (CC). Scientists from the University of Helsinki have developmentally analyzed the process of phloem development in Arabidopsis plant and... view more... (2003-11-13)
Muscle mass: Scientists identify novel mode of transcriptional regulation during myogenesis
In an upcoming issue of G&D, Drs. Maria Divina Deato and Robert Tjian (HHMI, UC Berkeley) reveal that the formation of an alternative transcriptional core promoter complex directs cell-type specific differentiation during myogenesis. view more (2007-08-20)
Opening and closing the genome
At any given time, most of the roughly 30,000 genes that constitute the human genome are inactive, or repressed, closed to the cellular machinery that transcribes genes into the proteins of the body. view more (2007-02-26)
Researchers discover key to human embryonic stem-cell potential
What exactly makes a stem cell a stem cell? The question may seem simplistic, but while we know a great deal of what stem cells can do, we don't yet understand the molecular processes that afford them such unique attributes. view more (2005-09-09)
Deciphering the regulatory code
Embryonic development is like a well-organised building project, with the embryo's DNA serving as the blueprint from which all construction details are derived. view more (2009-11-06)
Another Key to the p53 Door
Researchers at the Uppsala Branch of the Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research (LICR) have discovered that the transcription factor Yin Yang 1 (YY1) is a novel regulator of the tumor suppressor p53, which is inactivated in at least half of all human cancers. The p53 transcription factor plays a vital role in preventing cancer onset, by stimulating... view more... (2004-07-29)
Don't move a muscle: Evolutionary insight into myogenesis
In a paper released online ahead of its scheduled December 15th publication date, Dr. Michael Krause (NIH) and colleagues detail the transcription network that drives muscle development in the roundworm C. elegans, and make a strong argument for an evolutionarily conserved program of myogenesis in all animals. view more (2006-12-07)
Oocyte-specific gene mutations cause premature ovarian failure
Mutations in a gene called FIGLA cause premature ovarian failure in at least a percentage of women who suffer from the disorder, said researchers from Baylor College of Medicine in Houston and Shandong University in China in a report that appears online today in the American Journal of Human Genetics. view more (2008-05-23)
Wealth of genomic hotspots discovered in embryonic stem cells
In a paper published in Cell on June 13, 2008, Singapore scientists at the Genome Institute of Singapore (GIS) and the National University of Singapore (NUS) unveil an atlas that showing the location of "genomic hotspots" of essential protein "switches" (transcription factors) that are critical for maintaining the embryonic... view more... (2008-06-16)
Enzyme crystal structure reveals 'unexpected' genome repair functions
The research looked at XPB helicase from an archaea, a single cell organism similar to bacteria. Helicases are enzymes that unwind or separate the strands of the nucleic acid double helix, an action that is critical to transcription and nucleotide excision repair (NER), as well as other cell processes. view more (2006-04-07)
Shilatifard Lab Identifies New Role for Factor Critical to Transcription
The Stowers Institute's Shilatifard Lab has identified a new role for the elongation factor ELL in gene transcription by RNA polymerase II (Pol II) - the enzyme that synthesizes messenger RNA to carry genetic information from DNA to the protein-synthesizing machinery of the cell. view more (2008-06-18)
miR-196a promotes the metastases of tumors
MicroRNAs are small RNA molecules of 20-25 nucleotides length, regulating gene expression by inhibition of transcription or translation of proteins. view more (2009-05-13)
Basic work on E. coli identifies two new keys to regulation of bacterial gene expression
The cellular process of transcription, in which the enzyme RNA polymerase constructs chains of RNA from information contained in DNA, depends upon previously underappreciated sections of both the DNA promoter region and RNA polymerase, according to work done with the bacterium E. coli. view more (2006-06-19)
HIV inserts into human genome using a DNA-associated protein
A human DNA-associated protein called LEDGF is the first such molecule found to control the location of HIV integration in human cells. view more (2005-11-28)
Signaling for cartilage
Skeletal progenitor cells differentiate into cartilage cells when one master gene actually suppresses the action of another, said Baylor College of Medicine researchers in a report that appears online in the journal Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. view more (2006-11-28)
Central and peripheral signals set the circadian liver clock
Anyone who has experienced jet lag will understand the importance of a smooth-running circadian clock. Crossing time zones decouples our biological rhythms from the natural cycle of light and dark we're used to. view more (2007-01-30)
A simple feedback resistor switch keeps latent HIV from awakening
Upon entering a cell, a virus often becomes dormant, turning off its genes and laying low until awakened by som e trigger from its environment. When that trigger is pulled, the virus quickly ramps up production of proteins through built-in positive-feedback loops that turn up gene transcription. view more (2006-12-26)
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