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Neurotransmitter orexin associated with pleasure and reward pathways in the brain
Researchers at the University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine have discovered that the recently identified neurotransmitter orexin (also known as hypocretin) influences reward processing by activating neurons in the lateral hypothalamus region of the brain. view more (2005-08-26)
Hard-wiring the fruit fly's visual system
Both vertebrate and fruit fly have so-called visual maps in the brain that represent the world they see. view more (2006-09-21)
Olfactory nerve cells expressing same receptor display a varied set of reactions
n a mouse model, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine researchers discovered that olfactory sensory neurons expressing the same receptor responded to a specific odor with an array of speeds and sensitivities. view more (2006-02-03)
Researchers discover gene essencial to cerebellum formation
A study published this week in the scientific journal PNAS provides new information on the origin of different cells in the cerebellum, an important component of the central nervous system found in all vertebrates, including humans, and the part of the brain that controls movement. view more (2007-03-07)
Penn study on olfactory nerve cells shows why we smell better when we sniff
Unlike most of our sensory systems that detect only one type of stimuli, our sense of smell works double duty, detecting both chemical and mechanical stimuli to improve how we smell, according to University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine researchers in the March issue of Nature Neuroscience. view more (2007-03-14)
Neurons use chemical 'chords' to shape signaling
Researchers have discovered that neurons can use two different neurotransmitters that target the same receptor on a receiving neuron to shape the transmission of a nerve impulse. view more (2008-02-28)
Researchers separate analgesic effects from addictive aspects of pain-killing drugs
For the first time, pain researchers at Washington University School of Medicine in St. Louis have shown that it's possible to separate the good effects of opiate drugs such as morphine (pain relief) from the unwanted side effects of those drugs (tolerance, abuse and addiction). view more (2007-08-22)
Study finds how brain remembers single events
Single events account for many of our most vivid memories - a marriage proposal, a wedding toast, a baby's birth. Until a recent UC Irvine discovery, however, scientists knew little about what happens inside the brain that allows you to remember such events. view more (2009-03-19)
Neurons found to be similar to Electoral College
A tiny neuron is a very complicated structure. Its complex network of dendrites, axons and synapses is constantly dealing with information, deciding whether or not to send a nerve impulse, to drive a certain action. view more (2009-09-15)
How the brain handles surprise, good and bad
Whether it's a mugger or a friend who jumps out of the bushes, you're still surprised. But your response-to flee or to hug-must be very different. view more (2007-09-20)
How memories are made, and recalled
What makes a memory? Single cells in the brain, for one thing. For the first time, scientists at UCLA and the Weizmann Institute of Science in Israel have recorded individual brain cells in the act of calling up a memory, thus revealing where in the brain a specific memory is stored, and how it is able to recreate it. view more (2008-09-08)
Gladstone researchers identify new drug target for Alzheimer's disease
Researchers at the Gladstone Institute of Neurological Disease have identified a potential new way to stop brain cell death related to Alzheimer's disease. view more (2005-12-02)
New key brain target of fat hormone
Researchers have identified a new area of the brain that responds to the fat hormone leptin in regulating body weight and energy expenditure. view more (2006-01-19)
Silencing the cause of mad cow disease
BSE (more commonly known as mad cow disease) and CJD, which is a related disease in humans that can occur spontaneously, be inherited, or be acquired (in some cases probably from cows with BSE), are fatal neurodegenerative diseases. view more (2006-12-04)
New treatment possibilities for fatal genetic disease
Researchers at Melbourne's Howard Florey Institute have opened up new treatment possibilities for Huntington's disease by proving a scientific theory incorrect. view more (2007-03-30)
Not all embryonic stem cell lines are created equal
When it comes to generating neurons, researchers have found that not all embryonic stem (ES) cell lines are equal. In comparing neurons generated from two NIH-approved embryonic stem cell lines, scientists have uncovered significant differences in the mature, functioning neurons generated from each line. view more (2007-08-07)
Sensitivity to antidepressants linked with TrkB-mediated neural proliferation
Scientists have unveiled a functional link between production of new neurons and the effectiveness of antidepressants (ADs) in an animal model. The study, published by Cell Press in the August 14 issue of the journal Neuron, provides exciting insight into a mechanism that might underlie a poor response to antidepressive medications for anxiety or... view more... (2008-08-14)
Stem cells provide new tool for studying disease and identifying ALS drugs
Results of two studies funded by Project A.L.S. and appearing in today's advance online publication of Nature Neuroscience demonstrate that embryonic stem cells may provide a new tool for studying disease mechanisms and for identifying drugs to slow ALS, also known as Lou Gehrig's disease. view more (2007-04-17)
Mechanism for neurodenegerative diseases linked to transport proteins
Hampering the transport of proteins within cells may underlie several adult-onset neurodegenerative diseases, such as Huntington's, ALS and Kennedy disease. Understanding how this cell transport is blocked in these diseases may offer targets for future therapy. view more (2006-06-09)
New Target Found to Fight, Treat Parkinson's
Neuroscientists from the University at Buffalo have described for the first time how rotenone, an environmental toxin linked specifically to Parkinson's disease, selectively destroys the neurons that produce dopamine, the neurotransmitter critical to body movement and muscle control. view more (2005-08-25)
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