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Mechanism for regulation of growth and differentiation of adult muscle stem cells is revealed
During muscle regeneration, which is a natural response to injury and disease, environmental cues cause adult muscle stem cells (satellite cells) to shift from dormancy to actively building new muscle tissue. view more (2007-12-10)
Model unravels rules that govern how genes are switched on and off
For years, scientists have struggled to decipher the genetic instruction book that details where and when the 20,000 genes in a human cell will be turned on or off. Different genes operate in each cell type at different times, and this careful orchestration is what ultimately distinguishes a brain cell from a liver or skin cell. view more (2008-12-05)
Liver regeneration may be simpler than previously thought
The way the liver renews itself may be simpler than what scientists had been assuming. A new study, appearing in the April 13 issue of The Journal of Biological Chemistry, provides new information on the inner workings of cells from regenerating livers that could significantly affect the way physicians make livers regrow in patients with liver... view more... (2007-04-12)
Scientists Discover Role of Enzyme in DNA Repair
Scientists from the National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases (NIAMS), National Cancer Institute (NCI), and Integrative Bioinformatics Inc. have made an important discovery about the role of an enzyme called ataxia telangiectasia mutated protein (ATM) in the body's ability to repair damaged DNA. NIAMS and NCI are part... view more... (2007-06-28)
Scientists reveal structure of gateways to gene control
Scientists at Penn State University will reveal in the 29 March 2007 issue of the journal Nature the first complete high-resolution map of important structures that control how genes are packaged and regulated throughout an entire genome. view more (2007-03-29)
Oxford Improves Production Method for Interfering RNA
Researchers at Oxford University's Department of Biochemistry have developed methods for making RNA duplexes and single-stranded RNAs of desired length and sequence. This exciting technology is most applicable to commercial RNA providers and companies with large in-house requirements for RNA molecules as it will greatly increase... view more... (2003-04-29)
New study resolves the mysterious origin of Merkel cells
A new study resolves a 130-year-old mystery over the developmental origin of specialized skin cells involved in touch sensation. view more (2009-09-28)
Building the lymphatic drainage system
Our bodies' tissues need continuous irrigation and drainage. Blood vessels feeding the tissues bring in the fluids, and drainage occurs via the lymphatic system. While much is known about how blood vessels are built, the same was not true for lymph vessels. view more (2009-04-27)
Scientists find genetic pathway that could lead to drugs for kidney disease
Scientists at the University of California, Santa Barbara have reported a discovery at the cellular level that suggests possibilities for drug therapy for kidney disease. view more (2006-02-01)
Jefferson researchers' discovery may change thinking on how viruses invade the brain
A molecule thought crucial to ferrying the deadly rabies virus into the brain, where it eventually kills, apparently isn't. view more (2007-04-20)
Bacteria control how infectious they become, study finds
The results of a new study suggest that bacteria that cause diseases like bubonic plague and serious gastric illness can turn the genes that make them infectious on or off. view more (2007-04-13)
Gene regulates immune cells' ability to harm the body
A recently identified gene allows immune cells to start the self-destructive processes thought to underlie autoimmune diseases such as multiple sclerosis (MS) and rheumatoid arthritis. view more (2009-07-17)
An ancient protein balances gene activity and silences foreign DNA in bacteria
Compared to humans, bacteria have a much tidier genome. The tiny microorganisms pack their genes closely together, and don't carry around a lot of extraneous DNA, so-called junk DNA that fills in the gaps between genes. view more (2008-05-16)
Most human-chimp differences due to gene regulation - not genes
The vast differences between humans and chimpanzees are due more to changes in gene regulation than differences in individual genes themselves, researchers from Yale, the University of Chicago, and the Hall Institute in Parkville, Victoria, Australia, argue in the 9 March 2006 issue of the journal Nature. view more (2006-03-09)
Gene-transcription machinery seen poised for action, held in check until needed
For some time, scientists have been tracking down the sequence of biochemical steps required to attract and assemble at the head end of a gene the molecular machinery needed to transcribe that gene to put to work the information it encodes. view more (2007-07-26)
Basic work on E. coli identifies two new keys to regulation of bacterial gene expression
The cellular process of transcription, in which the enzyme RNA polymerase constructs chains of RNA from information contained in DNA, depends upon previously underappreciated sections of both the DNA promoter region and RNA polymerase, according to work done with the bacterium E. coli. view more (2006-06-19)
Central and peripheral signals set the circadian liver clock
Anyone who has experienced jet lag will understand the importance of a smooth-running circadian clock. Crossing time zones decouples our biological rhythms from the natural cycle of light and dark we're used to. view more (2007-01-30)
Transcription factor protein's role in cell death, neurodegeneration and schizophrenia
Researchers at the University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine discovered that a protein called Elk-1 interacts with mitochondria, the energy storehouse of a cell, suggesting that this protein -— typically active in the nucleus — could play a role in cell death and mitochondria-related diseases such as neurodegeneration and... view more... (2006-06-08)
Researchers 'notch' a victory toward new kind of cancer drug
Scientists have devised an innovative way to disarm a key protein considered to be "undruggable," meaning that all previous efforts to develop a drug against it have failed. view more (2009-11-12)
Shilatifard Lab Identifies New Role for Factor Critical to Transcription
The Stowers Institute's Shilatifard Lab has identified a new role for the elongation factor ELL in gene transcription by RNA polymerase II (Pol II) - the enzyme that synthesizes messenger RNA to carry genetic information from DNA to the protein-synthesizing machinery of the cell. view more (2008-06-18)
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