Articles tagged with Respiratory Disorders
A new study warns that reduced international funding for tuberculosis services could lead to significant economic hardship for 40 million households globally, with the poorest households bearing the greatest burden. The study estimates that complete elimination of external funding for TB could cost families up to $80 billion annually.
Severe COVID-19 and influenza infections can prime the lungs for cancer development, according to new research. Vaccination, however, largely prevents these changes, suggesting a reduced risk of lung cancer.
Rutgers researchers helped establish a link between burn pit exposure and respiratory illnesses in veterans, enabling the VA to adopt new rules implementing the PACT Act. The new methodology assigns graded levels of confidence, providing a path forward for evaluating service-related illnesses.
A new study shows that valved holding chambers used to deliver medication to children with acute respiratory diseases differ markedly in their performance. The choice of device can affect treatment outcomes, with higher delivery devices resulting in lower hospital admissions and better physiological recovery.
Co-infection of Cryptococcus neoformans and Mycobacterium tuberculosis increases risk of death significantly compared to fungal infection alone. The fungus changes its cell density, diversity, and capsule size in response to the bacterial pathogen.
A study published in JAMA Network Open found that early hydrocortisone treatment increases the chance of surviving without lung disease for extremely premature babies. The treatment is safe and does not increase serious side effects.
UCLA researchers have developed a novel gene-editing approach using lipid nanoparticles to deliver a full-length CFTR gene into human airway cells. The study shows promise for treating cystic fibrosis by correcting the underlying genetic mutation, which could lead to more effective and long-term therapies.
A new review highlights the cytokine storm's key role in lung injury and multi-organ dysfunction in acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS). The review emphasizes biological heterogeneity, subphenotypes, and the need for biomarker-guided patient stratification.
New research suggests that inhaled microplastics can cause inflammation and damage to the lungs, potentially increasing the risk of respiratory diseases such as asthma and COPD. Microplastics can also trigger inflammatory responses and deliver toxins directly into the lungs, highlighting a growing concern for lung health.
A new study has confirmed that male and female lungs are wired differently at the molecular level, revealing key gene networks driving sex differences in respiratory health. The research found that male lungs are more reactive to environmental triggers, leading to different disease experiences between sexes.
A one- and three-month antibiotic treatment regimens both had few adverse reactions and high rates of completion in preventing active tuberculosis, says a new study published in PLOS Medicine. The regimens were deemed successful and neither proved superior to the other.
A new study found that tuberculosis is a major cause of deadly sepsis among people living with HIV, particularly in Africa. Early treatment of TB has been shown to significantly reduce sepsis deaths, with a 23% reduction in mortality rate.
A recent study found that respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) hospitalizations are associated with a higher risk of cardiorespiratory events, with some conditions experiencing elevated risks up to 180 days after admission. The findings highlight the importance of increasing RSV immunization in adults to mitigate this risk.
A recent study found significant changes in post-COVID respiratory infections among children, with Mycoplasma pneumoniae experiencing a surge after restrictions were lifted. The study also revealed strong interactions between pathogens, including negative correlations and pathogen interference.
A sweeping new study has identified tuberculosis as the predominant cause of deadly sepsis among people with HIV in Africa. Immediate treatment for TB significantly increased survival rates, especially when treatment was started before diagnosis.
Researchers have created an artificial lung system that temporarily replaced a patient's lungs' functions, allowing him to survive for 48 hours until a double lung transplant was available. The study shows that this approach may serve as a life-saving bridge to transplantation, providing new hope for those with severe respiratory condi...
Current smokers are more likely to experience four symptoms associated with Long COVID, including arthralgia, chest pain and dyspnea. Dual users of combustible and heated tobacco products also show a stronger correlation with symptoms, suggesting the added use may worsen symptoms.
The American College of Chest Physicians (CHEST) received the 2025 Glenview Environmental Sustainability Award for Innovation, recognizing its commitment to clean energy and reduced emissions. The organization's solar panel installation at its headquarters powers medical simulation facilities using renewable energy.
Researchers created lab-grown human nasal tissue to study the defense mechanisms against rhinoviruses. They found that cells in the nasal lining produce interferons, which induce a coordinated antiviral defense, controlling viral replication and reducing damage.
Researchers have identified a new method to predict asthma exacerbations with a high degree of accuracy, analyzing data from three large asthma cohorts. The study found that the ratio between sphingolipids and steroids was the most powerful predictor of future health.
The American College of Chest Physicians released a new clinical guideline on biologic management in severe asthma. The guideline provides evidence-based recommendations for selecting biologics for different patient populations, considering factors such as baseline oral corticosteroid use and comorbid conditions.
Researchers have discovered that TB bacteria manipulate the immune system's Dectin-1 receptor to facilitate its survival. The study found that when this pathway is absent, both human and mouse cells can control MTB infection. This breakthrough provides new insight into why humans and animals are susceptible to contracting tuberculosis.
A new community asthma program on the Navajo Nation increased asthma-related care and awareness among families, particularly among Diné (Navajo) children. The program, led by National Jewish Health, trained healthcare and school staff to provide culturally respectful asthma care.
Researchers at Mount Sinai have developed an AI-powered ECG analysis tool that shows promise in detecting Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) early. The model achieved high accuracy rates across diverse populations, including a subgroup with irregular heartbeat and smoking exposure.
A systematic review and meta-analysis found that ceftazidime-avibactam is more effective than standard antibiotic therapy in managing drug-resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae infections. The treatment also showed a lower rate of adverse reactions and mortality. The results suggest that ceftazidime-avibactam is a more favorable choice for c...
A meta-analysis found nirsevimab to be associated with reduced hospitalizations and emergency department visits for lower respiratory tract infections in young children. This suggests the potential of nirsevimab to decrease respiratory-related morbidity in this population.
The number of US pertussis cases has surged sixfold since the pandemic began, with over 26,600 reported in 2024. Many Americans are unaware of whooping cough symptoms or that a vaccine exists to prevent it. Despite widespread agreement on the causes and risks of the disease, vaccination rates remain low.
Researchers at Tulane University have developed the first vaccine able to protect nonhuman primates from melioidosis, a long-neglected and deadly tropical disease on the rise. The vaccine uses outer membrane vesicles to trigger a powerful immune response.
A Brazilian study of nearly 900 adults under 40 found that obesity and systemic inflammation accelerate lung aging and increase the risk of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). Smoking remains the main risk factor for lung function loss, but these two conditions can also contribute to COPD.
Biostatisticians applied statistical method to existing routine data to understand how TB prevention protocols are functioning in real-world conditions. The results show clear progress and serious gaps in TB preventive treatment uptake among patients initiating antiretroviral therapy.
A new diagnostic method using AI and genetic information can accurately identify pneumonia in critically ill patients, distinguishing between infectious and non-infectious causes. The model has been shown to reduce inappropriate antibiotic use by over 80% and could lead to faster diagnosis and improved patient outcomes.
The study demonstrates a significant association between the overall asynchrony index (OAI) and patient outcomes in COVID-19-associated severe pneumonia. Patients with a high asynchrony burden had significantly higher intensive care unit mortality and fewer ventilator-free days, highlighting the importance of PVA monitoring.
The emergence of A(H3N2) subclade K viruses in Australia and New Zealand extended their influenza seasons, with Australia experiencing a record-breaking season. The viruses were likely imported from the US and accounted for half of Australian viruses and over two-thirds of New Zealand viruses.
A study found that lung microbiomes play a significant role in pneumonia, with patients having oral-like pneumotypes more likely to recover. The researchers identified four distinct microbial patterns, or 'pneumotypes,' associated with different types of pneumonia.
A cohort study of adults aged 45 or older with RSV infection found a significant excess risk of cardiovascular events over 1 year, comparable in magnitude to influenza infection. This highlights the importance of RSV as a potential risk factor for cardiovascular morbidity and underscores the need for vaccination to mitigate this burden.
A new study links rising temperatures to reduced sleep quality and length in US adults, particularly those living on the West Coast. The research estimates that by 2099, people could lose up to 24 hours of sleep each year due to heat, highlighting the potential impact of climate change on sleep health.
Researchers create a simple, automated way of making lung organoids, which could help test early-stage experimental drugs more effectively. The bioreactor produces larger numbers of organoids with fewer manual labor requirements, offering promise for personalized patient treatments.
Researchers have found that early-infancy RSV infection significantly increases the risk of developing childhood asthma, especially in those with family history of allergy or asthma. Protecting newborns against RSV could substantially reduce asthma cases later in life.
A monthly injection has helped 90% of severe asthma patients reduce their reliance on daily steroid tablets. Treatment with tezepelumab improved asthma symptoms, lung function, and overall quality of life, with two-thirds of patients experiencing no asthma attacks.
The new system can reveal early cancers, lung disease, hidden material defects and changes in porosity without multiple exposures or complex mechanical movement. This method produces low-dose and faster images, lowering patients' radiation dose and making clinical translation feasible.
The report emphasizes the importance of pairing research with policy partners and investing in mentorship and career advancement of Latino scientists and students. It also calls for implementing evidence-based practices, using telemedicine and AI equitably, and designing trauma-informed interventions that fit Latino family life.
A cross-sectional survey of 29,268 participants found a significant association between dysfunctional breathing and respiratory conditions, as well as non-respiratory diseases like epilepsy. Tobacco use was also linked to increased prevalence of DB, particularly among those with comorbidities.
Researchers at UBC Okanagan develop an innovative airflow system that captures and removes exhaled aerosols, significantly reducing the probability of infection. The new device outperforms conventional ventilation systems, offering a comfortable and effective solution for indoor spaces.
A large analysis found that even low-intensity smokers have a significantly higher risk of heart disease and death compared to non-smokers. Quitting smoking at a younger age is the best way to decrease this risk.
In response to rising RSV cases, ECDC advises policymakers and public health authorities on effective ways to mitigate the impact of RSV disease in infants. Immunisation interventions, including long-acting monoclonal antibodies and maternal vaccines, can prevent severe illness and hospitalization.
A new study identifies fatty acid elongase ELOVL5 as a key promoter of inflammation resolution in the lungs. The research reveals that ELOVL5 works through a dual mechanism to dampen inflammatory pathways and generate pro-resolving lipid signals.
A new nasally-delivered vaccine has been shown to prevent severe disease and curb bacterial transmission, addressing a global need for next-generation immunisation technologies. The vaccine targets the respiratory mucosa, providing stronger protection against respiratory infections.
Research published in ERJ Open Research suggests that assessing hospital patients' reported shortness of breath could help doctors prioritize care for those at high risk of death. Patients who developed shortness of breath were six times more likely to die than those who did not, with a higher rating indicating greater risk.
The study demonstrated that nebulized HL231 at 261 µg/141 µg dose achieved comparable bronchodilation efficacy, pharmacokinetic profiles, and safety outcomes to Ultibro. HL231 showed a clear dose-response relationship with predominantly mild-to-moderate adverse events.
A new study found that thunderstorms trigger sharp increases in asthma-related emergency department visits. Researchers analyzed 4,439 asthma-related ED visits and identified 38 thunderstorm days, with a mean of 17.91 admissions on storm days compared to 3.09 on non-storm days.
A new study published in the American College of Allergy, Asthma and Immunology's annual meeting reveals a significant association between military deployment and an increased risk of developing chronic respiratory conditions. Deployed veterans were found to have a 55% higher risk of asthma compared to non-deployed peers.
Researchers at MIT have identified possible antigens for a new TB vaccine, stimulating a strong immune response in T cells. The study reveals 27 TB peptides that appear most often on infected cell surfaces and elicit a T cell response in at least some samples.
Two landmark international studies published in The Lancet and Nature Medicine expose the need for faster recognition, better diagnostics, and personalized treatment pathways to combat pneumonia and sepsis. Irish ICUs face a shortage of beds, with implications for delayed care and increased mortality.
Acute lung injury is characterized by diffuse inflammation and intractable hypoxemia, with N6-methyladenosine methylation playing a crucial role in its pathogenesis. The review synthesizes findings from multiple studies, highlighting the dynamic nature of m6A methylation and its associated proteins.
The study highlights the frequent use of aerosol therapy in critically ill patients with acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS), with bronchodilators being the most commonly prescribed drugs. However, the lack of sound scientific evidence and randomized controlled trials suggests that standardized protocols are needed to align clin...
A major study published in the European Respiratory Journal found that heatwaves increase the risk of moderate-to-severe obstructive sleep apnoea (OSA) by 13% during peak heatwave periods. The risk is higher when humidity is also high, with a 1.1% increase for every 1°C rise in nighttime temperature.
Two abstracts using Bronchiectasis and NTM Research Registry data were presented at CHEST 2025, focusing on advancing excellence in pulmonary medicine. The registry provides a national database for collaborative research and multi-center clinical trials.
The American Thoracic Society's new Clinical Practice Guideline provides evidence-based recommendations for tracheostomy care in children. The guideline emphasizes the importance of applying ethical principles and involving caregivers in decision-making, with a focus on ensuring high-quality, family-centered care.
The Bronchiectasis and NTM Care Center Network has accepted 25 new sites, expanding access to high-quality, specialized patient care for bronchiectasis and NTM lung disease. The network aims to enhance care and improve quality of life for patients living with these conditions.
Scientists found that breathing dusty air from the Salton Sea can alter the lung microbiome and trigger immune responses in mice. The study suggests that chronic exposure to such dust could have significant health effects, including asthma.