Articles tagged with Pathology
Airborne levels of formaldehyde regularly exceed EU limits in 70% of NHS pathology departments, with poor monitoring and control contributing to the risk. The researchers call for national regulatory intervention to protect NHS employees' health, citing increased risks of respiratory and reproductive problems, as well as cancers.
Researchers identify key mechanisms and molecular targets to prevent tumor progression in patients with rhabdomyosarcoma, a rare soft tissue cancer affecting young children. Two new treatment possibilities have been highlighted, targeting the IRE1α-XBP1 signaling axis and protein TAK1.
A new study found that certain snake species, like pygmy rattlesnakes, are at risk for serious illness and death due to multiple pathogens. Snakes can carry pathogens without showing symptoms, but co-infections increase disease prevalence.
A new study by the University of Ottawa suggests that a tiny molecule, methylglyoxal, plays a major role in triggering neurological disorders after a heart attack. The molecule accumulates in the brain following a heart attack and is linked to depression, anxiety, and cognitive decline.
Professor Eiichi Araki's pioneering research on insulin signaling has led to a deeper understanding of the molecular mechanisms of diabetes. His discoveries remain foundational for researchers striving to overcome insulin resistance and improve treatment options.
Researchers develop tailored revascularization approach for moyamoya disease, improving circulation while minimizing complications. The technique, called STAPC, uses vessel diameter, blood-flow dynamics, and recipient brain arteries to guide surgical decisions.
The review highlights how retrieval-augmented generation can improve the accuracy, transparency, and clinical reliability of AI tools in cancer care. RAG-enhanced systems produced more accurate results than standard AI models across multiple studies.
Researchers from UH, Baylor College of Medicine and MD Anderson Cancer Center propose a new treatment approach for Crohn's disease by targeting the stress signal that fuels inflammation. They found that repurposing two existing cancer medications can promote natural repair and regeneration of the intestinal lining.
Several open-source AI models consistently produced summaries that were more comprehensive than physician-written versions, particularly in capturing molecular and genetic findings. The study found that Llama 3.1 and DeepSeek performed best among the six evaluated models.
Alexander Kerr, NYU Clinical Professor, recognized for outstanding research on oral cavity squamous cell carcinoma and oral potentially malignant disorders. The IADR Distinguished Scientist Award is one of the highest honors bestowed by IADR, recognizing contributions to understanding oral health and disease mechanisms.
A £43M EU-funded initiative, COMPASS, aims to detect heart-related risks in cancer patients and survivors using innovative medical and digital technologies. The project will develop AI-powered clinical pathways to enhance cardiotoxicity detection, safer treatment, and better long-term cardiovascular outcomes.
LazySlide enables systematic whole-slide image analysis using AI models and links visual patterns to text concepts. The study demonstrates its potential in analyzing tissue samples, identifying biological pathways, and reducing the barrier for applying advanced image analysis methods.
A new clinical trial will investigate whether adding the oral medication vorasidenib to standard chemotherapy improves progression-free survival for people with newly-diagnosed, grade 3 IDH-mutant astrocytoma. The study aims to recruit 400 individuals with this type of brain cancer and evaluate the safety and side-effect profile of the...
Researchers developed a computational tool that infers telomere length from structural changes in cells and tissues captured in medical biopsies. The TLPath model accurately predicts telomere length, providing new opportunities for studying human aging.
A recent study found that women have a 21% lower risk of death compared to men, but a 12% higher risk of severe side effects from cancer treatment. The research, conducted in partnership with international collaborators, analyzed data from over 20,000 cancer patients and identified sex-based differences in survival and treatment toxicity.
A new case report describes a large, calcified solid pseudopapillary neoplasm of the pancreatic head, emphasizing the importance of multidisciplinary evaluation and long-term follow-up for monitoring recurrence. The case underscores the diagnostic value of integrating imaging, histopathology, and immunohistochemistry.
New research warns that popular AI systems for predicting cancer biology may rely on visual shortcuts, raising concerns about their reliability for real-world patient care. Despite achieving high accuracy, these models often fail when conditions change or confounding factors are controlled.
This study investigates the clinicopathologic features and genomic landscape of DNA polymerase epsilon mutant colorectal adenocarcinomas. The analysis reveals two distinct subgroups with different outcomes, suggesting improved prognostication for some patients.
This study analyzed 740 endometrial polyps and found a low but notable risk of malignancy, particularly in postmenopausal patients. The results suggest that routine sampling of the background endometrium during polypectomy is essential for early detection of serous carcinoma.
Researchers create detailed 3D reconstructions of human liver tissue, comparing healthy and cirrhotic livers, showing dysregulation of metabolite transport, reduced specialized cells, and disruption of vascular networks. The study highlights the importance of understanding organ structure for bioprinting artificial organs.
Research reveals that podocytes in aged rats adapt by increasing volume and forming atypical junctions to compensate for loss, while exporting unnecessary cellular components into the extracellular space. The study employed array tomography to elucidate age-related structural changes, shedding light on the mechanisms of aging glomeruli.
A study by RIKEN researchers identifies a MYCN-driven biomarker that predicts the risk of liver cancer. The biomarker, known as the MYCN niche score, uses machine learning to analyze gene expression patterns and indicates whether a tumor-free liver is at high risk for developing tumors.
The review outlines how vascular-immune crosstalk affects various diseases, revealing novel therapeutic opportunities. It highlights the shared embryonic origin of blood vessel cells and immune cells, as well as coordinated immune cell trafficking mechanisms.
Advanced 3D imaging reveals that vascular amyloid deposition follows a specific pattern, starting from surface vessels and spreading inward along connected pathways. The study provides new insights into the spatial organization of amyloid pathology in cerebral amyloid angiopathy.
A cohort study found combined GLP-1RA and progestin therapy reduces endometrial cancer risk in women with benign uterine pathology or endometrial hyperplasia. The study suggests potential benefits of this treatment approach for nonmalignant uterine diseases.
This study analyzed clinical and pathological characteristics of bone marrow metastasis from non-hematolymphoid malignancies. Prostate and breast carcinomas were the most common malignancies associated with BMM, and anti-neoplastic treatments improved overall survival.
Research at the University of Colorado Anschutz Linda Crnic Institute found significant alterations in liver metabolism among individuals with Down syndrome, including elevated bile acids and biomarkers of liver dysfunction. The study suggests that dietary interventions may help improve health outcomes.
Researchers found that TL1A, a key immune signaling protein, stimulates the growth of new white blood cells in the bone marrow, which then promote tumor formation in the gut. The study suggests that blocking TL1A activity could be an effective strategy to treat IBD and prevent associated colorectal tumors.
A machine learning model has identified the most important drivers of cancer survival in nearly all countries, highlighting factors such as national wealth, access to radiotherapy and universal health coverage. The model provides data-driven roadmaps for policymakers to prioritize resources and close survival gaps.
A new foot-and-mouth disease vaccine developed by Diamond Light Source is projected to deliver over $1.3 billion in annual benefits, transforming global livestock resilience. The vaccine's unique features, including heat stability and scalability, make it a game-changer for farmers worldwide.
A new nanodrug called Nano-273 could offer improved survival for patients with pancreatic and lung cancers by activating the immune system and blocking tumor growth. The drug, developed by University of Houston researcher Wei Gao, has shown promising results in early studies.
A recent study published in Gut journal revealed that Streptococcus anginosus produces methionine metabolites, which significantly contribute to the development of gastric cancer. The research opens new paths for microbiota-targeted prevention strategies.
A new rapid test for hepatitis C could identify more patients who can be cured if insurers increase reimbursement to cover the test's high cost. The test's point-of-care feature makes it ideal for early screening and treatment in clinics and emergency rooms.
The study reveals that MCL1 directly influences the mTORC1 complex, controlling bioenergetics and tumorigenesis in cancer cells. Genetic analyses also show that MCL1 inhibitors inhibit mTOR signaling, addressing a previously unresolved problem in cancer therapy.
The International Association for Dental, Oral and Craniofacial Research (IADR) celebrates the robust inclusion of oral health in the adopted declaration. This recognizes that ~3.7 billion people live with oral diseases, imposing a significant health burden. IADR urges Member States to translate commitments into concrete national actio...
A new study led by Harvard Medical School researchers found that AI models analyzing pathology samples can infer demographic information, leading to biased diagnoses. The team developed a framework called FAIR-Path to reduce bias in these models, which showed improved performance across demographics.
NEJM Clinician curates highly relevant clinical insights from over 150 peer-reviewed journals to give physicians clear guidance without the noise. The weekly publication delivers summaries and commentary in a concise, 30-minute read, helping healthcare providers stay informed and confident in their decisions.
A new, slow-growing tumor has been identified with a distinctive bone-covered shell, previously misdiagnosed as cancerous. Researchers describe the ossifying spindled and epithelioid tumor (OSET) for the first time, highlighting its unique characteristics and potential consequences of incorrect diagnosis.
Researchers argue that widely used proxies for aging may conflate genuine modifications with simpler effects on physiology. Targeting specific pathologies can extend lifespan without slowing aging process. Historically, increased human lifespan was primarily driven by reduced infectious disease mortality, not a fundamental slowing of a...
Researchers are presenting groundbreaking findings at the Association for Molecular Pathology's annual meeting, including a novel technique to study ancient DNA and rapid detection of serious fungal pathogens. The Association for Molecular Pathology is providing press materials and resources for media coverage.
Scientists have developed a targeted genetic test to improve diagnosis for X-linked dystonia-parkinsonism, a rare and disabling movement disorder that affects primarily men of Filipino ancestry. The test correctly identified cases that routine sequencing methods have missed, leading to proper diagnoses and end diagnostic odysseys.
Researchers have developed a molecular test capable of detecting three major pathogenic fungi at once, with a much quicker turnaround than traditional methods. The test bypasses the slow culture process by detecting genetic material directly, eliminating errors and reducing laboratory risk.
Artificial intelligence is being used to improve diagnostic accuracy in molecular pathology, with studies showing 93% accuracy for cancer diagnosis. Researchers are also using AI to analyze chromosomal changes in blood cancer patients and provide personalized treatment plans.
Researchers have discovered that optical genome mapping can reveal hidden causes of pregnancy loss, including chromosomal changes in genes known to be linked to recurrent pregnancy loss. The study found structural changes in the genome that were missed by traditional genetic sequencing methods.
Researchers have developed a new molecular test to identify Lyme disease earlier and more accurately than traditional methods. The test can detect as few as five bacterial cells and has an estimated sensitivity of 90.9%, making it a potential new avenue for testing Lyme disease.
Researchers have made significant advancements in diagnosing acute myeloid leukemia (AML), a common and aggressive form of blood cancer. Genetic testing can now predict relapse after stem cell transplant and detect hidden gene fusions that were previously undetectable.
Researchers developed a new DNA analysis technique to study old genetic samples, shedding light on disease evolution and changes in biology over time. The approach has potential for unlocking the root causes underlying shifting landscapes of modern diseases.
Acute lung injury is characterized by diffuse inflammation and intractable hypoxemia, with N6-methyladenosine methylation playing a crucial role in its pathogenesis. The review synthesizes findings from multiple studies, highlighting the dynamic nature of m6A methylation and its associated proteins.
The study highlights the frequent use of aerosol therapy in critically ill patients with acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS), with bronchodilators being the most commonly prescribed drugs. However, the lack of sound scientific evidence and randomized controlled trials suggests that standardized protocols are needed to align clin...
The Association for Molecular Pathology recognized Dr. Laposata's contributions to clinical laboratory practice and his role in challenging the FDA's rule on laboratory-developed test regulation. The award preserves diagnostic innovation, ensures patient access, and avoids escalating healthcare costs.
A new study projects that US funding cuts will result in a catastrophic effect on pediatric TB, with children in Sub-Saharan Africa and Southeast Asia experiencing a significant spike in preventable cases and deaths over the next decade. The loss of US bilateral health aid is projected to result in an additional 2.5 million pediatric T...
A new multi-omics tool, GoT-Multi, has enabled researchers to gain insights into how cancers evolve towards greater aggressiveness and therapy resistance. The tool can analyze diverse types of pathology samples and quickly process large numbers of cells, revealing new details about cancer progression.
The Association for Molecular Pathology has created a standardized biomarker report template to simplify complex molecular profiling data presentation to oncologists and healthcare providers. The template includes guidelines for clear formatting, therapeutic guidance, and references to clinical practice guidelines.
Paul N. Staats, MD, has been appointed Chair of the University of Maryland School of Medicine's Department of Pathology, overseeing clinical services to multiple hospitals and laboratories. He will drive partnerships and expand outpatient laboratory services.
Researchers found tiny air pollution particles sticking to red blood cells after exposure to roadside pollution, which can travel to organs like brain and heart. Wearing an FFP2 face mask reduces the amount of particles stuck to red blood cells.
A University of Georgia-led study surveyed over 18,000 people across 68 nations, finding that those in countries with historically higher disease risks believe the human species is headed in a good direction. This positive outlook may be an evolutionary adaptation that enhances resilience against disease and stress.
A Cornell University study detected disease-causing microbes like Salmonella, Cronobacter, and E. coli in raw cat foods sold frozen, refrigerated, and freeze-dried. These pathogens can transfer from pets to humans, especially young children, the elderly, pregnant individuals, and those with weakened immune systems.