Plants

Turning rice straw into biochar may reduce heavy metal risks in rice

A greenhouse study suggests that converting rice straw into biochar could provide greater environmental and food safety benefits than directly incorporating untreated straw. Biochar treatment reduced copper and lead accumulation, improved soil properties, and produced high grain biomass, while avoiding air pollution from open burning.

Trees for hotter cities: new approach can bolster community input in meeting targets

A new tool, Tree Value Visions, aims to support councils and communities in thinking about the future of trees in towns and cities in a more inclusive way. The research highlights the importance of considering deeper connections people have with nature and integrating urban tree planning across different policy areas.

Prioritizing pollinators over climate change?

Researchers at the University of Michigan found that pollinators are driving plant adaptation in morning glories, leading to a steep decline in their ability to adapt to changing climate conditions. The study suggests that human activities such as pesticide use and habitat destruction have contributed to this decline.

Amazon’s biocultural heritage under greater threat than expected

A new study reveals that Amazonian communities use at least one-third of the region's known plant species, totaling 5,796 species. Climate change is expected to lead to a decline in biocultural heritage by 26% from 2060 to 2080, threatening Indigenous cultural identity and ecosystem services.

DNA samples from foraging honeybees, bees in the hive, and their honey are complementary in understanding honeybee ecology, revealing their microbial and plant interactions over time

Researchers analyzed DNA samples from foraging honeybees, hive workers, and their honey to understand plant-microbe interactions in honeybee ecology. The study found that these complementary sources provide distinct insights into the complex relationships between plants, microbes, and honeybees.

Making scents of cannabis: how cannabis cultivar and preparation methods influence aroma

Research highlights impact of cannabis cultivation and drying methods on VOCs and human perception, identifying optimal storage conditions to preserve aroma profiles. Human assessors associated monoterpenes with bright notes and sesquiterpene clusters with woody scents.

Four new groups of indigenous cacao varieties discovered in Peru

A genetic analysis of Peruvian cacao trees reveals four previously unidentified groups, showcasing unique regional 'signatures' and potential high-quality bean producers. The discovery provides valuable resources for conservation and the fine flavor chocolate market.

Beyond oxidative damage: Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS) are essential for ordered plant development—ROS-producing enzymes coordinate cell proliferation, tissue integrity, and differentiation

Researchers found that ROS-producing enzymes coordinate cell proliferation, tissue integrity, and differentiation in plants. The study used a liverwort model to examine the role of RBOHs in plant development, revealing their importance in maintaining normal cell shape and tissue organization.

The miracle microbes that could save crops from impact of rising sea levels

Researchers have discovered a previously unknown mechanism by which microbes boost plants' ability to survive in salty conditions. Pseudomonad bacteria stimulate the production of lignin, a tough substance found in plant cell walls, helping plants withstand environmental stress.

Durham University researchers uncover new mechanism behind wood formation in plants

Scientists at Durham University have discovered a previously unknown way that plants control the formation of wood, revealing a complex interaction between two receptor proteins on the surface of plant cells. This finding could change how scientists think about communication between plant cells.

WVU researcher develops soft and ‘squishy’ robotic hand for harvesting delicate fruits like strawberries

A new soft gripper designed by WVU researcher Anand Mishra can accurately gauge the size, curvature, color, and ripeness of fruits like strawberries and avocados. The gripper's quick inspections and harvesting capabilities can reduce spoilage and lower supply chain costs.

Leaf traits drive herbivory across forests: Silicon and heat tolerance matter

Researchers found that plant species with tougher leaves actually suffered more from insect damage, while those with higher silicon concentrations sustained less. In contrast, plants with higher heat tolerance experienced greater herbivory. Understanding these drivers is crucial for predicting forest health under future climate scenarios.

Professor Kaneko’s sake and wine earn honors at French Japanese Sake Competition for second consecutive year

Aldebaran, a red wine made from Muscat Bailey A grapes, won a Gold Award in the Muscat Bailey A category, while Junmai -eme- received the Platinum Award in the Junmai Sake category at the French Japanese Sake Competition for the second consecutive year

How are chloroplasts communicating with the nucleus?

Researchers found that heme molecules transmit functional state of chloroplasts to the nucleus, regulating photosynthesis-related gene expression. Heme signaling is essential for plastid-derived signaling molecules, which form active phytochrome.

A smarter way to grow rice could save water, boost yield, and reduce ammonia loss

A new study found that alternate wetting and drying irrigation combined with nitrogen-loaded biochar can help rice farming address food security, water scarcity, and environmental pressure at the same time. The approach reduced water use by 14.17 to 15.56 percent while increasing rice yield by 2.23 to 5.11 percent.

Integrating ‘citizen science’ with experimental data helps uncover how plants adapt

A study combining citizen science data with experimental research found that switchgrass adapts its flowering time to optimize survival in different regions. The work highlights the potential of pairing public data sets with controlled experiments to uncover mechanisms of adaptation.

From flat moss to forests and flowers: New discovery may explain how plants conquered land

Researchers identify previously unknown protein RAK1, crucial for three-dimensional growth and division in moss, a step towards understanding plant colonization of land. The study provides new insight into fundamental mechanisms underlying plant growth and evolution.

Research reveals mechanisms for plant cell stability in drought

A Stanford-led team has identified the molecular basis of Hechtian structures, which maintain plant cell membranes connected to the wall during water loss. Plants with more Hechtian structures recover better once water returns.

Research shows plants such as canola, tomatoes and rice reduce iron uptake when stressed by drought

A recent study published in Cell has found that certain plants actively reduce their ability to take up iron when experiencing drought stress. This shift is driven by changes to plant roots that downregulate both immune systems and iron uptake machinery, allowing specific bacteria to thrive.

Plants select growth strategies by spying on their neighbors’ scents

Healthy plants release chemical signals called VOCs that inform neighboring plants about competitive pressure, triggering adjustments in growth and defense strategies. Genetic analysis reveals shifts in biomass linked to changes in stress-response and cellular transport genes.

Vast botanical data help solve Darwin’s puzzle of why some exotic plants become pests

Scientists analyzed vast botanical data to understand why some exotic plants become invasive pests. They found that the timing of flowering is crucial and depends on climate conditions, with native species adapting to local environments and invasive species thriving in milder regions.

Study Reveals How Strawberries, Raspberries Were Ambushed By Fungal Parasites

Researchers found that powdery mildew disease caused by different fungi infects strawberries in North America and Europe differently, indicating the pathogens jumped hosts over millions of years. This discovery can aid understanding of plant diseases and their spread.

Plants survived the dinosaur-killing asteroid by duplicating genomes

Plant stress and unique cAMP signaling

Researchers have discovered that plants utilize two forms of cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) to regulate normal cellular functions and respond to stress, while maintaining cross-talk between the pathways. This redundancy enables plants to adapt more robustly to a wider range of environmental factors.

Carnivorous plants and wasps blur the line between friend and food

A new study reveals that carnivorous plants like pitcher plants provide a vital source of nutrient-rich nectar to wasps, benefiting both parties. This interaction may be more than just predator-prey, as the plants and wasps work together for mutual benefit.

Novel wheat hybrids increase resistance to major fungal disease by up to 70%

Researchers have identified a novel genetic locus in the common agricultural weed Elymus repens that provides significant resistance to Fusarium Head Blight, a destructive fungal disease threatening global food security. The novel Fhb.Er-1StL locus has been successfully transferred into wheat, reducing diseased plant spikelets by up to...

Why are mountain forests in Mexico and Central America hotspots for oak trees? New study led by The Morton Arboretum shows most definitive answer yet

A new study by The Morton Arboretum reveals that oaks rapidly diversified in the Americas when they encountered high-elevation terrain, forming a unique biodiversity hotspot. This is supported by data from 322 of the world's approximately 450 oak species, with Mexico and Central America home to at least 160 different oaks.

Hasanuddin University study reveals insights for climate resilience in smallholder cacao farms

Researchers found that integrating a mix of shade trees improves soil health and plant physiology, leading to stronger plant growth and consistent early fruit development. Proper management through spacing, pruning, and natural mulch can also make cacao farms more resilient to climate stress.

Stick-on gel offers new way to treat and monitor plants

Engineers developed an adhesive gel that can deliver substances into plants' tissues, clearing bacterial infections within 48 hours. The gel sticks to various surfaces, including hairy leaves and stems, and can be removed without damage.

Plants can absorb nutrients from atmospheric dust through their leaves

Researchers found that plants can acquire essential nutrients like phosphorus and iron from atmospheric dust settling on their leaves. This discovery suggests an important new pathway for plant nutrition and ecosystem functioning, particularly in nutrient-limited ecosystems.

Plants can sense the sound of rain, a new study finds

MIT researchers found plants respond to sound waves generated by raindrops, stimulating germination. Seeds exposed to rain sounds germinated 30-40% faster than those not exposed.

The fast-track tree breeding method that is restoring European ash to the landscape

Researchers at John Innes Centre develop rapid seed germination protocol, reducing Ash dieback's impact. This new method has already produced over 2,000 seedlings for trials and research.

Bamboo waste treatment method improves strength and insulation in green building composites

A mild chemical strategy enhances interfacial bonding and pore structure in biomass-based magnesium cement materials, leading to improved mechanical strength and thermal insulation. The approach promotes more uniform pore distribution, stabilizes the foam structure within the composite, and reduces environmental burden.

A new mechanism for light-controlled plant growth

A team at Osaka Metropolitan University discovered a new mechanism behind light-controlled plant growth. Light enhances adhesion between the epidermal and inner tissues in plant stems, allowing plants to strengthen their cell walls and regulate growth.

A bacterium from bumblebees can produce vitamin B2 in soya drinks

Researchers at DTU have developed a new method to identify bacteria capable of producing vitamin B2 in soya drinks. A bacterium from bumblebee guts was found to thrive in plant-based dairy alternatives and produce the nutrient in high quantities.

How do plant roots grow in unpredictable temperatures?

Researchers found that auxin's partner proteins serve as internal plant 'thermostats' that directly sense temperature and change genetic programs to direct root growth accordingly. This discovery could lead to engineering plants that withstand extreme temperatures, protecting crop productivity under challenging conditions.

Does atmospheric dust give plants nutrients through their leaves?

Research in New Phytologist reveals that plants can obtain essential nutrients like phosphorus and iron from atmospheric dust settling on their leaves. In a Mediterranean field study, dust application increased plant macronutrient and micronutrient concentrations through mildly acidic leaves.

New study pinpoints climate conditions for restoring the endangered butternut tree

Researchers at Virginia Tech used modern data science to guide restoration strategies for the endangered butternut tree. The study mapped climate and soil conditions linked to natural disease resistance, identifying prime regions for resistant butternut trees and hybrids across the eastern United States.

New farming strategy boosts rice yields while saving water and cutting pollution

A new study demonstrates that combining a water-saving irrigation technique with an engineered biochar fertilizer can significantly improve rice production while lowering nitrogen pollution. The approach, known as AWD and nitrogen-loaded biochar synergy, achieved co-benefits in yield improvement, water saving, and ammonia mitigation.

We have just 20 years to stop spiraling decline in British biodiversity

A new study warns of a 20-year window to act on climate and land use policies to prevent further biodiversity loss in Britain. Sustainable practices like strong emissions action and reduced meat consumption could save up to 69 fewer species from extinction.

Scientists develop scalable ultrastrong bamboo strips through revolutionary "homogeneous fusion" technique

Scientists developed a scalable ultrastrong bamboo strip through homogeneous fusion, achieving 942 MPa tensile strength and 32.1 GPa Young's modulus. The material demonstrates exceptional durability, biodegradability, and practical scalability for various industries.

How plants fight back against bacteria that promote waterlogging in leaves

Researchers discovered that high humidity induces the production of CYP707A3, breaking down ABA and promoting stomata opening to release water. Plants lacking this enzyme are more vulnerable to water-soaking. The study reveals a molecular defense mechanism against water accumulation in plants.

Evolution in fast-forward: How thale cress adapts – or goes extinct

Researchers tracked genetic changes in Arabidopsis thaliana across 30 sites over five years, finding most populations adapted to local environmental conditions. However, some populations went extinct due to genetic drift, highlighting the importance of preserving biodiversity.

One-of-a-kind experiment tracked plant evolution in response to climate change at 30 sites worldwide

A groundbreaking experiment tracked plant evolution in response to climate change across 30 sites worldwide, revealing gene variants associated with successful adaptation and tipping points beyond which plants can't adapt. The study provides quantitative data to understand rapid adaptation and predict where risks lie.

Cactus catalogue could help plant’s prickly problem

A new open access database of cactus ecology and evolution could help scientists and conservationists save species from the brink. The CactEcoDB offers an unprecedented window into the evolution, ecology and conservation needs of one of the world's most distinctive and endangered plant families.

Highly and casually active citizen scientists contribute equally valuable data

A new study finds that contributions from casual and highly active citizen scientists are equally valuable, with each group complementing the other. The research, led by Erin Grady, analyzed millions of observations on iNaturalist and found that both groups contribute to balancing biases in data collection.

How plants stop growing to survive stress

Researchers identified a mechanism allowing plants to rapidly slow growth in response to extreme stress. By limiting growth-related compounds, plants pause development and cope with stress. The finding has practical applications for developing more resilient crops.

How do thirsty plants hold out during drought?

Salk Institute scientists created a high-resolution atlas showing how droughts affect plant cells. They identified a gene, Ferric Reduction Oxidase 6 (FRO6), that could be targeted to create more resilient crops. FRO6 expression in mesophyll cells partially maintained leaf growth under drought stress.

Tsinghua University team discovers skin's hidden role in amplifying immune responses, paving way for novel vaccine adjuvants

Researchers reveal that skin-cell calcium channel TRPV3 is activated by plant-derived fragrant molecules, leading to enhanced immune responses and potential new vaccine adjuvants. The study provides a novel understanding of immune crosstalk and offers a safer approach to enhancing vaccine efficacy.

Study identifies causes of potato dry rot in Colorado

Researchers at Colorado State University have identified four Fusarium species causing potato dry rot in the San Luis Valley, including one not previously found in the US. This study will help improve disease diagnosis and monitoring, as well as guide cultivar selection and breeding for disease resistance.

Researchers combine flavor and nutritional value in Amazonian chocolate

Researchers found that combining fermented and unfermented cocoa beans can balance flavor and nutritional value, increasing the market potential of Amazonian cocoa. The study also identified new molecules with antioxidant properties, suggesting Amazonian cocoa as a superfood

Multi-scale plant defense strategies against antibiotic stress revealed

Researchers have discovered plant defense strategies against antibiotic stress, including chloroplast-centered adaptation and microbiome coordination. Plants accumulate antibiotics in roots, activate detoxification enzymes, and restructure endophytic bacterial communities to counter stress. These findings suggest plants as bioremediati...

Scientists trace crop viruses back to the last Ice Age

A new international study reveals that the ancestors of modern crop viruses likely emerged before the last Ice Age, affecting both wild and cultivated plants. The viruses, spread by leaf-eating beetles, infect various crops and wild species, posing risks to agriculture and natural ecosystems.

Why does the body deem some foods safe and others unsafe?

Researchers have identified three new proteins, called epitopes, that help the body determine 'safe' foods, aiding in food tolerance and allergy understanding. The epitopes were found in seed proteins from corn, wheat, and soybean, and interact with regulatory T cells to inform tolerance-or-rejection decisions.

New study reveals differences between anime bamboo muzzle and actual bamboo

Researchers compared anime illustrations with actual bamboo, finding that the proportions of the muzzle differ significantly from natural patterns. The study highlights the importance of accuracy in scientific representation and suggests potential educational applications.

This odd little plant could help turbocharge crop yields

Researchers discover a unique protein component, RbcS-STAR, that helps concentrate carbon dioxide around Rubisco, boosting photosynthetic efficiency. This breakthrough could lead to more sustainable food production by improving crop yields while reducing environmental impact.

How moss helped solve a grave-robbing mystery

A tiny clump of moss played a crucial role in proving a crime had taken place at Burr Oak Cemetery in Illinois. The moss's age was determined to be only a year or two old, bolstering the case against the cemetery employees, who were ultimately convicted in 2015.

Nitrous oxide, a product of fertilizer use, may harm some soil bacteria

A study by MIT researchers found that nitrous oxide can hamper the growth of certain soil bacteria dependent on vitamin B12 for methionine biosynthesis. The findings suggest that N2O production in agricultural settings could influence microbial communities, potentially impacting crop health.

Rice gene discovery could cut fertiliser use while protecting yields

Researchers have identified a master regulator in plants that balances root and shoot growth when nutrients are limited, leading to yield increases of up to 24% in rice plants. This breakthrough could ultimately improve global crop yields while reducing dependence on synthetic fertilisers.

Rice stink bug genetic mapping offers clues to curb a costly crop pest

Researchers have discovered that native rice stink bugs have more genetic diversity than invasive species, which could help monitor the spread of insecticide resistance. This study provides valuable insights into pest management for Arkansas rice growers, who face significant costs due to the bug's impact on their crops.