Brightsurf delivers daily science news discoveries, articles, and the latest scientific breakthroughs. Your trusted source for science news today, covering nature news, science & technology, and scientific discoveries from leading research institutions worldwide.
A recent study published in The Journal of Nuclear Medicine found that local radiologists and nuclear medicine physicians can reliably interpret amyloid PET scans with high agreement, showing that visual reads performed in community settings are highly reliable for diagnosing and managing Alzheimer's disease. The study utilized data fr...
Researchers found that Fe3AlC0.5 precipitates suppress grain growth and preserve microstructural stability in iron-aluminum alloys fabricated by twin-wire directed energy deposition-arc. Increasing deposition current modulates tensile strength and anisotropy, providing guidance for optimizing the TW-DED-arc process.
Infections during pregnancy can affect the placenta's ability to nourish and protect the fetus, potentially leading to complications like preeclampsia. Studying the placenta's response to infections could help anticipate problems for the baby and inform treatments for women's health.
Researchers developed a vision-language model that achieves 84.7% average accuracy while generating textual rationales for its predictions. The customised model retained more than 95% of the teacher model’s prediction performance and reduced inference latency by over 50%.
A new framework uses LLMs to evaluate autonomous vehicle intelligence by combining measurable data with expert assessments, achieving closer agreement with human expert assessments. The framework assesses five aspects of behavior: safety, comfort, efficiency, social interaction and impact on surrounding traffic.
A research team developed a physics-informed platooning control framework combining traditional vehicle control methods with learning-based optimization techniques. The framework improved vehicle platooning stability and tracking accuracy under realistic operating conditions.
Researchers developed an efficient collaborative perception framework for connected and automated vehicles, reducing communication overhead and improving safety. The framework, called Which2comm, transmits compact object-level semantic information, enabling vehicles to share sensing data while maintaining high perceptual accuracy.
Researchers analyzed 2,358 firm-year observations to examine the impact of political uncertainty on green investment. They found that uncertainty was associated with lower green investment indicators among EU and UK firms.
Researchers have developed a method to recycle hard-to-recycle wind turbine blades into silicon carbide and graphene, reducing greenhouse gas emissions by up to 83%. The process can turn a profit and improve the mechanical and thermal properties of new wind turbine blades.
A new E-DSGE model evaluates the macroeconomic and financial stability impacts of carbon tax policies, identifying climate transition risks and assessing the effectiveness of differentiated capital adequacy ratio requirements. The model is well-equipped for policy coordination analysis under China's dual carbon goals.
The pilot program aims to speed innovation and manufacture of advanced semiconductor chips by connecting industry partners with world-class instruments and materials-science expertise at Brookhaven and Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratories. The collaboration focuses on developing and enhancing capabilities for lithography and metrolo...
A new Perspective argues that Europe should establish safeguards for enhanced rock weathering (ERW) before large-scale carbon crediting begins. ERW involves a chain of processes, and certification should follow verified net carbon removal, accounting for uncertainty and downstream carbon losses.
Traditional Chinese medicine trials must meet international standards to generate credible evidence, including clinical questions, experienced trialists, and adequate sample sizes. The trials should be conducted in multiple hospital locations, including Western centers, to build confidence among Western doctors and patients.
Extracellular vesicles, including exosomes, play critical roles in intercellular communication, influencing aging and cancer progression. Research highlights similarities in molecular signals between aging and cancerous cells, suggesting potential links between the two conditions.
A survey of over 30,000 US adults found that nearly a quarter endorse childhood vaccination or acetaminophen use as autism risk factors. Sociodemographic differences and political affiliations strongly correlate with these non-evidence-based beliefs. Targeted interventions may be necessary to limit public health impact.
Researchers developed a physics-informed neural network framework to turn fiber-optic cables into traffic sensors. The approach achieved accurate traffic speed and flow estimation using existing telecom infrastructure without installing new hardware.
The Society for Cardiovascular Angiography & Interventions (SCAI) has updated its cardiogenic shock classification to improve recognition and treatment response. The new framework emphasizes perfusion and patient trajectory, helping clinicians assess shock severity over time and determine if treatment is restoring adequate circulation....
The Traffic World Model (TWM) generates controllable roadside images, traffic videos, safety-critical events, and LiDAR-style point clouds to overcome data scarcity. It reduces Fréchet distances by 39% for image generation, 20% for video generation, and 73% for safety-critical event generation.
A new smart packaging film, developed by researchers at Kyushu University, uses color changes and fluorescence to monitor freshness in refrigerated meat. The film responds to compounds released during spoilage, providing two ways to track changes in food quality.
Researchers developed RADGCN, a relation-aware framework for estimating traffic states from sparse sensor data. The approach improved traffic-state estimates by 2.97%–11.82% compared to leading methods, providing more accurate estimates for large road networks with sparse sensor coverage.
UT MD Anderson is expanding its cancer care facilities with a $2.5 billion project, adding nearly 2 million square feet of advanced patient care and radiation oncology facilities. The new facilities, Inspiration Tower and Prism, will serve as a benchmark for patient-centered and technology-driven care.
After decades of absence, the Eurasian otter has re-emerged in Kashmir Valley, with researchers detecting viral social-media video records, field surveys, and diagnostic otter spraints. The species' reappearance signals improved ecosystem resilience, but modern landscapes create novel risks, including habitat loss and pollution.
Researchers review evidence on obesity drugs, finding potential benefits for brain function, especially for those with type 2 diabetes or obesity. They call for clinical trials to track cognitive abilities and emphasize the importance of monitoring older patients.
The UVA Biotech Innovation Fund will support the SPARK Innovative Medicines program, helping to accelerate promising discoveries into new treatments and cures. The fund will provide long-term support for researchers to overcome the critical gap between discovery and clinical application.
A new UVM study found that flood inundation maps significantly improve response time and accuracy compared to traditional text-based warnings. Participants who received map-based messages made decisions in an average of 6.69 seconds and achieved a response accuracy rate of 77.8%, outperforming those who received text-based warnings.
The National MS Society is launching a funding opportunity to support innovative screening technologies for early MS detection. The goal is to accelerate progress in identifying individuals at risk of MS, ultimately reducing time to diagnosis and improving long-term outcomes.
A new generation of AI models could help scientists understand ecosystems and predict their responses to environmental change. Ecological foundation models, a new approach to AI, could learn from diverse sources of information and apply that knowledge to a wide range of ecological questions.
Researchers developed an ultrafast all-optical biomimetic encoder for spiking neural networks, achieving high-throughput computation and precise fiber-compatible encoding. The system reaches 94.1% classification accuracy for handwritten digit recognition and demonstrates scalability for diverse real-life signals.
Researchers discover E2F1's shortcut method to cell division, which can activate genes without physically unpacking DNA, and its potential role in cancer growth and development. The study's findings may lead to more precise and targeted treatments for cancer by understanding the mechanisms that drive cell proliferation.
A recent study by University of Oregon geologist Becky Dorsey sheds new light on the Siculo-Calabrian rift zone in southern Italy, a seismically active region. The research reveals that marine terraces are rising five to 10 times faster than previously thought, challenging prevailing explanations for their formation.
A new study examines how consumers evaluate products when sustainability is communicated through product composition, packaging, or both. It finds that consumers' green consumption values influence their responses, with those who prioritize environmentally responsible consumption favoring products with information on both composition a...
Researchers at Hanyang University introduced a method called etching-flux-mediated single-centred nucleation (EF-SCN) to control where crystals begin to form. They grew molybdenum disulfide (MoS2) semiconductors on patterned substrates, achieving consistent, centrally located nucleation and high single-crystal yields. The method's pote...
A new risk metric, Carbon at Risk (CaR), can now be applied to carbon removal projects, allowing for diversified portfolios and unlocking massive investment to limit global warming. By quantifying the risk of carbon removal falling short, CaR enables buyers to compare technologies on a risk-adjusted basis.
Researchers designed a compact silicon modulator with integrated signal equalization to improve bandwidth and reduce reliance on complex digital processing. The device achieved data rates of 180 Gb/s and 200 Gb/s, offering potential for high-capacity, energy-efficient optical connections in future AI data centers.
A machine learning study decoded biochar's reactive radicals from its elemental composition, identifying hydrogen-to-carbon ratio and oxygen content as leading predictors of radical concentration. The findings provide a practical starting point for matching biochar chemistry to use in environmental applications.
Researchers developed a mobility-network framework that estimates city-level CO2 emissions with R2 up to 0.99 across China, Italy, the US, and Mexico. The framework used anonymized cellular signaling data and machine-learning models to predict emissions in near real-time, providing a concrete solution for climate policymakers.
A Tongji University-led team developed a way to make solid-state coolers run colder by grading the Seebeck coefficient, which absorbs heat at the cold end and releases it at the hot end. The graded device cooled 10% more than a uniform cooler, with the temperature span growing as the material's electronic quality factor decreased.
NASA has selected the PRIMA (PRobe far-Infrared Mission for Astrophysics) to move into Phase B, advancing its design and technology development. The mission aims to survey the universe in far-infrared light, addressing key questions about planet formation and galaxy evolution.
Research reveals that female runners with longer weekly distances tend to expend less energy during daily activities, while resting and sleeping metabolic rates decrease. The study suggests that greater training volumes may lead to differences in energy expenditure distribution across exercise, daily activities, and resting metabolism.