Brightsurf delivers daily science news discoveries, articles, and the latest scientific breakthroughs. Your trusted source for science news today, covering nature news, science & technology, and scientific discoveries from leading research institutions worldwide.
Researchers from Tokyo Metropolitan University have derived design rules for thermoelectric materials by optimizing band structure, a map showing electron states. This work promises a shift towards rational material design, enabling efficient conversion of waste heat to electricity and reducing oil and gas consumption.
Researchers have developed an oral therapy that protects healthy tissue from radiation while preserving radiation's ability to destroy cancer cells. The therapy, called XOlacta, is packaged in milk-derived extracellular vesicles and can be administered orally, reducing damage to tissues and preserving tumor treatment effectiveness.
Researchers developed a first-in-class therapy targeting MYC, a protein involved in 70% of cancers, by disrupting its relationship with GSPT1. This approach showed strong anti-cancer activity in multiple types of blood cancers, including treatment-resistant models.
A new University of Pittsburgh study found that low-frequency deep brain stimulation improves control of facial and tongue muscles involved in speaking and swallowing after traumatic brain injury. The treatment showed small but significant improvements in word intelligibility for one participant with TBI.
A team of researchers created a fishbone catalyst that efficiently converted waste agricultural film into olefin-rich bio-oil through microwave-assisted pyrolysis. The catalyst achieved a bio-oil yield of 89.32 wt.%, with olefins accounting for 84.03% of the oil and C6–C12 compounds dominating the hydrocarbon fraction.
The article proposes a new statistical governance framework to standardize energy-use tracking in global data centers. AI-driven identification workflows and non-intrusive load monitoring are used to distinguish data center workloads from mixed-use commercial premises.
Researchers developed a technique to assess the reliability of medical imaging tools, which can be used to evaluate quantitative imaging methods and build confidence in these technologies. The technique, called NGSE-Corr, was shown to accurately rank imaging methods for 91% of trials and identify the most precise method for 95% of trials.
Cool river temperatures in first 15 days after fertilization are crucial for survival, with warm years limiting survival. Research suggests strategies like reintroduction to historical habitat may be more effective in the long run than targeting specific cold water releases.
Astronomers discover that massive galaxies in the early universe contain more small stars than expected, challenging current understanding of galaxy formation. The study uses NASA's James Webb Space Telescope to reveal the hidden mass of low-mass stars in these galaxies.
Researchers developed a method to quantify individual cell damage using molecular markers, enabling detailed analysis of disease progression in tissue samples. This method can distinguish early disease mechanisms and differentiate between patient-specific and general disease progression.
A new paper by the American College of Surgeons Committee on Trauma recommends making automatic crash notification (ACN) and advanced automatic crash notification (AACN) systems standard safety features in every new vehicle. These systems can provide critical information to emergency responders, such as the vehicle's location and poten...
A Stanford Medicine study found that estrogen-only menopausal hormone therapy may reduce the risk of Alzheimer's disease in women. The study, which analyzed brain autopsies and cerebrospinal fluid samples, found a 35% reduction in Alzheimer's-related pathological deposits in women who used estrogen-only MHT.
Dr. Alkhouli brings over a decade of editorial leadership experience to JACC: Cardiovascular Interventions, a journal that has shaped interventional cardiology for nearly two decades. He aims to further the journal's role in defining the future of interventional cardiovascular medicine.
Scientists have identified multiple targets for antibodies that could treat Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever, a deadly virus spread by ticks. The research found that antibodies targeting the nucleocapsid protein offer protection against the virus, regardless of strain, and could lead to the development of new treatments.
Researchers create two-headed molecule that physically links a cancer-causing protein with another molecule that switches on cell death mechanisms. In mice, treatment with the molecule eliminated aggressive lymphoma tumors within 11 days, with no obvious signs of toxicity.
Researchers explore materials that can store, convert and release heat while maintaining human comfort and mechanical requirements. The review highlights emerging strategies for combining photothermal conversion with wearable technologies for thermal management and intelligent healthcare.
Researchers discovered that three bacteria, including P. inefficax, can alter the soil microbiome to protect wheat from a fungus that causes root rot. The bacteria increase root biomass, exhibit growth-promoting genes, and produce beneficial plant compounds, strengthening the plant's defenses.
Scientists at Penn State have developed a new method for seismic imaging using thunderstorms, which can be used to study the Earth's subsurface structure and image the subsurface without traditional seismic sources. This method allows for easier imaging in less accessible locations, such as the Arctic or urban areas.
Melchor Antuñano joins UCF College of Medicine to design new procedures and technologies for astronauts, pilots, and airplane passengers. He will also create a new master’s degree in aerospace medicine and a residency program for aerospace medicine physicians.
A new molecular compound, TOFA, identified by UC Berkeley scientists, helps cells burn extra energy with no change in food intake or exercise, improving insulin sensitivity and glucose control. The treatment, which works by increasing energy expenditure, shows promise in mouse models and may be used in combination with GLP-1 medications.
Researchers discovered that Trypanosoma cruzi, the Chagas disease parasite, alters its RNA to adapt to infect mammals, a process that could lead to new treatments. The study found that modifications in transfer RNA facilitate protein production, influencing the parasite's transformation from a non-infective to an infectious phase.
The FDA has cleared the PrecivityAD2 blood test, developed by C2N Diagnostics, to aid in the early diagnosis of Alzheimer's disease. The test uses high-resolution mass spectrometry to measure biomarkers associated with amyloid pathology, providing more accurate and reliable results than cerebrospinal fluid tests.
A new UCLA-led study finds that concrete's natural absorption of carbon dioxide is too slow and small to meaningfully offset the emissions released when cement is made. Researchers argue that the industry should prioritize active technological measures to reduce emissions, including reducing cement use and adopting alternative fuels.
UT MD Anderson recognized 58 faculty members for their exceptional contributions to cancer research, patient care, and education. The institution also honored six early-career Faculty Scholars, six recipients of the Faculty Achievement Awards, and six faculty members with UT MD Anderson's most prestigious endowed faculty awards.
Two OU-led research teams have been awarded nearly $1.4 million in funding under the DOE's Genesis Mission to develop AI for enhanced geothermal systems and quantum computing. OU's projects align with the university's impact-centers research priorities and address the Genesis Mission's pillars of Energy Dominance and Discovery Science.
Scientists in the University of California San Diego laboratory used AI to decipher the 'initiator' DNA sequence, which is responsible for gene activation. The researchers found that about 60% of human genes contain the initiator, enabling the prediction of DNA mutations that can lead to various disorders.
A study by Texas A&M University researchers found that poor housing, high crime, and underfunded schools play a bigger role in limiting access to healthy food in historically redlined neighborhoods. The study suggests that policy changes and community engagement are needed to improve food security in these areas.
Microplastic pollution in dryland dumpsites accelerates due to intense sunlight, heat, wind, and open burning, transforming plastics into smaller, more reactive particles that spread through soil, air, water, and food systems. Aging microplastics increase metal adsorption and organic pollutant partitioning, posing emerging biological r...
Researchers found that aging microplastics can increase the binding of fluorinated pesticides like fluensulfone in agricultural soils. The smallest aged particles showed the strongest effects, with 30-35% of retained fluensulfone bound to PVC microplastics.
Three UVA computer science professors, Matthew Dwyer, Sebastian Elbaum, and Mary Lou Soffa, were inducted into the ACM SIGSOFT Software Engineering Academy for their profound impact on the field through research, practice, and education. Their collective work represents decades of contributions to software engineering and the education...
A new membrane combines food waste-derived biochar, graphene, and a phase change material to store thermal energy, improve heat transfer, and manage moisture. The membrane exhibits high thermal conductivity and water vapor permeability, making it suitable for energy recovery ventilation and smart building systems.
A US national laboratory research collaboration aims to accelerate the qualification of critical nuclear components for the US energy supply chain. The project leverages additive manufacturing and AI tools to enable the rapid expansion of domestic nuclear manufacturing capabilities, boosting energy security and competitiveness.
Researchers used super-resolution microscopy to track cancer drug sunitinib inside living cells, revealing its impact on cellular systems. The study found that sunitinib triggers a cascading breakdown of the systems that power, organize, and sustain the cell, contributing to cell function loss and survival.
Researchers found that NF1 loss in ER+ breast cancer cells promotes bone metastasis by inducing osteoclast formation and immunosuppression, leading to a self-reinforcing cycle of cancer growth and bone damage.
A new book argues that adult children are cutting ties with their families of origin in favor of creating a chosen family environment. Research by Ohio State University professor Rin Reczek found that adult children who go 'no contact' with one or both parents elect estrangement as a last resort. The data shows that estrangement is dri...
Researchers studied the impact of a pharmaceutical merger on prices of over-the-counter cough and cold medicines in the Philippines. The study found that while some efficiencies were real, they did not lead to lower prices for all products, and in some cases, prices even increased.
A UC study found that only 15% of eligible American adults discuss lung cancer screenings with their doctors, highlighting the need for increased awareness and education about the lifesaving procedure. The study suggests that stigma and fear around lung cancer, as well as lack of information about the low-dose CT scan, may be barriers ...
The Deliverome Project aims to create a large-scale, open-access atlas of human cell surface proteins to aid in drug development. By developing new technologies and collecting data, researchers can identify surface proteins that can deliver cargo into cells, leading to more diverse and effective treatments for rare diseases.
Dr. Mina Sedrak has received a $3.6 million NIH grant to develop strategies for improving physical recovery and reducing frailty in older adults after hematopoietic cell transplantation. The grant will support a multisite randomized clinical trial testing the effectiveness of combining exercise with a senolytic therapy in improving phy...
Noah Golowich wins the Hertz Thesis Prize for his work on stable outcomes in game theory and reinforcement learning. His thesis,
A study combining three brain scans found a higher number of dopamine D2 receptors in autistic brains, suggesting a link between the dopamine system and autism. The researchers also found that the dopamine system affects communication between brain regions differently in autistic participants.
Patients with heart failure, caregivers, and providers are open to mobile health (MIH) adoption, but financial and regulatory challenges hinder its reach and sustainability. MIH programs can reduce ED transports, but their financial viability is constrained by Medicare's transport-based EMS reimbursement structure.
Researchers develop technology to capture 3D molecular snapshots of hair follicles and reconstruct time to visualize organ formation. By analyzing hair follicle development, scientists may gain insights into congenital conditions and develop new treatments for hair loss.
Researchers at Columbia University Irving Medical Center found that depression stalls neurogenesis in the adult brain's hippocampus, impairing pattern separation and memory recall. The study identified molecular programs controlling neurogenesis, which may lead to new therapies for depression.
Researchers propose a reconfigurable ferroelectric chiral nanostructure for fast-switchable optical differentiation, achieving remarkable performances in edge detection. The device can switch between optical differentiation and bright-field imaging, with a switching time of 62 microseconds.
The RACER-Knee trial found that robotic-assisted knee replacement surgery resulted in similar patient outcomes as traditional surgery, including recovery, mobility, and pain levels. Despite increased precision, the technology did not translate to improved patient outcomes within the first year after surgery.
A large-scale expansion of offshore wind energy could lead to increased precipitation over offshore wind farm areas, while precipitation in adjacent coastal regions could decrease. This is due to wind turbines extracting part of the wind's kinetic energy and increasing atmospheric turbulence.
Researchers suggest that targeting tiny protein aggregates known as oligomers, which form early in the disease process, may lead to breakthroughs in treating protein-misfolding diseases. Oligomers are increasingly believed to drive cellular damage, and their early formation may be more toxic than large protein deposits.
New research reveals that shipwrecks from WWI and WWII are leaking toxic chemicals into the North Sea, polluting the local ecosystem. The wrecks, including the German submarine UC-30, contain explosives that are harming starfish, mussels, and other marine life.
Research shows that young Bewick's swans that lose their parents during winter migration have a significantly lower survival rate, dropping from 86% to 40%. The study highlights the importance of family ties for migration and survival in these long-lived social birds.
Researchers have discovered that iron hydride may become superionic under Earth's inner-core conditions, with hydrogen moving through a solid iron lattice. This finding provides new insights into the composition and dynamics of Earth's deep interior, and has implications for our understanding of the core's formation and evolution.
Goutham Menon, a renowned expert in social work education, has been appointed interim dean of the UTA School of Social Work. Under his leadership, the school continues to thrive, with record-setting achievements in research, student success, and community engagement.
The Skala AI model, developed by Microsoft Research AI for Science, is now available through the CP2K software ecosystem. CASUS and Microsoft Research collaborated to integrate Skala into CP2K, enabling more accurate quantum mechanical simulations of larger molecular systems. The collaboration aims to improve the accuracy and efficienc...
Researchers found that alveolar type 2 cells mount slower interferon-driven antiviral defenses than type 1 cells, enabling higher viral replication in the alveoli. This study provides new insights into the primary site of influenza virus damage and opens up potential targets for antiviral therapy.
A new method allows for the simulation of giant dense polymer systems on an unprecedented scale, revealing concentrated entanglements in localized knots and links. This breakthrough enables the study of dense chain systems beyond idealized polymer physics.
A new study reveals that climate change can lead to a significant increase in wheat prices, with severe water scarcity being a key driver. The researchers found that wheat prices are more closely linked to water scarcity than other crops, and that compound drought events are expected to become more common in a warmer climate.
Researchers at Michigan Medicine identified two pathways that can be targeted to treat transdifferentiated prostate tumors. Using a combination of BET bromodomain and DNMT inhibitors, the growth of prostate cancer cell lines and tumors in mice was suppressed, reversing gene expression changes and reducing tumor growth.
A recent study found that sleep traits significantly increase the risk of hemorrhoidal disease, with insomnia being a major contributor. The analysis suggests that sleep disruption acts primarily as a driver of hemorrhoidal pathology, rather than a consequence.
A new study found that microgravity causes the lower eyelid to rise in astronauts, altering corneal topography and vision. The phenomenon, known as reverse ptosis, was observed in 62% of astronauts, with changes similar to those seen in short-term parabolic flights.
China's ozone pollution has increased despite PM2.5 declines, with urban areas under VOC-limited conditions; large-scale NOx reduction is a proposed near-term control strategy. Ambient ozone direct catalytic decomposition coatings can deliver localized ozone removal at a lower projected economic cost.
LASIK surgery shows moderate improvement in quality of life but higher patient satisfaction rates compared to contact lenses. Complication rates are lower for LASIK, but dry eye issues are more prevalent with both methods.
A new method has been developed to increase tar yield from low-rank coal, resulting in improved fuel quality and reduced unwanted reactions. By redirecting volatile compounds towards a cooler central zone, the researchers were able to limit secondary cracking and increase total tar yield by approximately 8.5%.
Minimally invasive laryngeal surgery has shifted toward precision functional preservation with high-definition endoscopy and updated laser systems. Surgical strategies prioritize vocal function reconstruction with optimized microflap techniques and autologous tissue grafts.
The OSPREY trial found that proximal hypoglossal nerve stimulation significantly improved apnea-hypopnea index and oxygen desaturation in patients with moderate-to-severe obstructive sleep apnea. The treatment has expanded eligible patient populations and is now approved for use in the US.
The True Grit program, a Rutgers Health study, evaluates a model for supporting independence in young people with spinal cord injuries as they transition from high school to adulthood. Participants in the 2024 cohort demonstrated progress toward their individual goals, with gains seen in participation scores and emotional resilience.
A study by the University of Oxford has identified the brain mechanisms that help us work out whether the consequences we experience are caused by our own actions or by circumstances beyond our control. The study found that confidence in our own decisions and estimates of external circumstances provide important clues.
Researchers developed a versatile hydrogel platform that enables the design of customised biomaterials for tissue engineering, disease modelling, and regenerative medicine. The platform preserves the functionality of incorporated biomolecules and supports high cell viability, enabling the creation of tissue-specific environments.
Uwe Wolfrum's research on Usher syndrome aims to prevent vision loss in patients with the disorder. His team uses human retinal organoids and pig models to investigate the molecular mechanisms of the disease, paving the way for gene-based therapies.
Developing new complex medical conditions is associated with higher disenrollment rates among Medicare Advantage beneficiaries, particularly to traditional Medicare. States with Medigap guaranteed issue and community rating protections have higher disenrollment rates among beneficiaries with multiple new conditions.
A telemedicine-supported home-injection model for patients with breast cancer has shown to reduce treatment burden by improving convenience and saving time. Most patients who completed home injections chose to continue this approach beyond the pilot, but barriers such as insurance denials and higher copayments may limit its broader imp...
The Brexit referendum led to a sustained decline in EU-origin health care worker immigration to the UK, despite recruitment from non-EU countries. Policymakers should consider the impact of policy uncertainty, substitution dynamics, and global health equity when making decisions.
A new study finds that Brexit led to a decline in EU-trained doctors and nurses in the UK, but physician vacancies continued to rise, highlighting the need for careful consideration of immigration policies and their impact on healthcare staffing and access to care.
After the Dobbs v Jackson decision, out-of-state travel to North Carolina for abortion care increased, particularly from more restrictive Southeastern states. Patients also presented at later gestational durations and traveled farther for care, indicating increased logistical barriers after policy changes.
A KAIST research team has identified the molecular lock that keeps cells trapped in an altered state, opening a new path toward releasing that lock and reversing a cell's fate. The team developed a fundamental control technology called ROOT that can regulate these circuits and restore biological states to their original condition.
A new pre-rerouting strategy ensures seamless service continuity in LEO satellite networks by redefining routing metrics to account for link effective duration and available bandwidth. The strategy achieves a packet loss rate of 1% compared to 7% with conventional rerouting schemes.
The Apophis asteroid will make a rare 38,000 km flyby of Earth in 2029, offering a unique chance for planetary science and defense. The flyby will provide direct evidence for the structural evolution of rubble-pile asteroids and demonstrate the feasibility of various exploration modes.
Researchers developed a nanoplatform that addresses three barriers to TNBC immunotherapy by eliminating Tregs, destroying cancer cells, and activating innate immunity. In preclinical studies, the platform achieved 100% complete tumor regression and extended median survival beyond 70 days.
Researchers have identified a molecular switch driving the spread of aggressive triple-negative breast cancer, a subtype with poor outcomes. Restoring a naturally occurring molecule called miR-342 reduced metastatic disease in pre-clinical models.
Advances in single-cell and spatial multi-omics are helping researchers understand brain development, disease, and therapeutic opportunities by integrating molecular layers with cellular and spatial context. This approach has revealed regulatory relationships and cell-type-specific changes in Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, a...
PSMA PET/CT detected recurrent prostate cancer after minimally invasive treatments and identified malignant peripheral nerve sheath tumors with high accuracy. Researchers also found varying access to PSMA-targeted theranostics between Brazil and Europe.
A novel hierarchical motion planning method combines goal-biased RRT with sequential convex programming to plan high-quality trajectories for space redundant manipulators. The proposed method successfully satisfies obstacle avoidance, end-effector line-of-sight constraints, and joint torque limits, converging in 17 and 18 iterations fo...
Dr. Alex Aliper will share insights on how cutting-edge technological innovation can drive industrial growth at the Global Unicorn Summit, and discuss AI applications in precision medicine at MedTech World Asia. He will also present real-world case studies and explore industry challenges in applying AI to personalized healthcare.
Researchers developed a new tool, Bonsai, to visualize high-dimensional data on a tree, providing a faithful picture of the structure in the data. The tool reconstructs developmental pathways and identifies similar cells more accurately than existing methods.
A study by Keio University researchers has identified two blood proteins, beta-2-microglobulin and cystatin C, that are consistently associated with future disability in adults aged 85 years and older. These biomarkers have the potential to enable earlier interventions and preventive support.
A new study uses machine learning to predict which patients with coronary artery disease will benefit from exercise-based cardiac rehabilitation. The model accurately identifies 'non-responders' using data from cardiopulmonary exercise testing and pulse wave analysis, allowing for tailored treatment plans.
A large-scale study in China found the prevalence of PCOS among pregnant women increased from 0.79 to 19.0 per 10,000 between 2012 and 2021, with significantly higher risks of adverse maternal and neonatal outcomes. Women with PCOS had increased risks of diabetes, hypertension, preeclampsia, and cesarean delivery, as well as fetal risk...
The APCCMPD and CHEST Medical Educator Diversity Scholar Fellowship aims to improve diversity in respiratory care. Anna Brady, MD, will mentor a fellow-in-training to develop a personalized curriculum and research project. Applications for the 2027 fellowship are now open until November 2.
Researchers have mapped Indonesia's seagrass ecosystems, identifying areas of high and low quality, and found that conservation efforts are needed for hotspots, coldspots, and areas with contrasting conditions. The study provides a spatially informed framework for prioritizing conservation and restoration efforts.
A research team from KIMS developed a highly durable platinum–nickel catalyst that suppresses nickel dissolution, enabling stable operation for 3,000 hours. This technology is expected to advance the practical application of water electrolysis catalysts for green hydrogen production, reducing platinum use and costs.
A recent study reveals that spending on microtransactions in free-to-play videogames is highly concentrated among a small minority of players, who account for the majority of revenue. Regulation is necessary to protect vulnerable players from potentially exploitative practices.
A HKU engineering team has achieved a breakthrough by uncovering the microscopic physical nature of ultralarge elasticity in covalent semiconductors. They discovered that ultra-large tensile strains in silicon and diamond originate from reversible atomic lattice displacements.
Researchers from the University of Hong Kong discovered that fine particulate pollution (PM2.5) weakens plants' ability to efficiently use water and absorb carbon dioxide. PM2.5 pollution reduces photosynthetically active radiation and carboxylation capacity, hindering plants' ability to thrive and capture carbon.
Researchers review functional hybrids of liquid crystals and nanomaterials, enabling advanced multifunctional materials with tunable properties. These materials can display photothermal response, color switching, and encryption, among other capabilities.
Hydrogels with high-order structures can regulate pathways for force transmission, molecular transport, and biological signaling. The architectures can also improve the performance of wearable sensors, regulate drug release, and provide precise mechanical and biochemical cues for cells.
A new clinical framework reorients coronary disease management toward early detection and stabilization of atherosclerotic plaques. The framework proposes a risk-stratified screening pathway for adults aged 40 or older with at least one traditional cardiac risk factor.
Young-Seok Lee's PhD research developed an end-to-end efficiency optimization design method that achieves 97% of the theoretical maximum efficiency in wireless power transfer systems. This design method jointly optimizes the energy conversion process in multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) antenna systems, from transmitter to receiver.
Researchers at the ARC Centre for Transformative Meta-Optical Systems have developed a new method to manufacture wire-grid polarisers using kitchen foil, reducing production costs and time. The technique uses a nanosecond laser to carve a metal grid directly from the foil in just 15 seconds, making it a potential game-changer for the t...
A new study models a future net-zero European power system and tests it against 80 years of historical weather data to understand how it would handle stress with periods of low wind and solar generation, combined with high demand. The study concludes that the risk is greatest during winter when cold and wind-still conditions persist, h...
The team demonstrated ultrahigh Q integrated germano-silicate microresonators on silicon using flame hydrolysis deposition, achieving a propagation loss as low as 0.07 dB per metre. This work brings fibre-level low loss to photonic chips, enabling scalable and deployable chip systems for next-generation applications.
A study by HKU hydrogeologists identified microbial fermentation as the primary pathway for ammonium production in sediments beneath the Pearl River Delta, contributing to the region's exceptionally high natural groundwater ammonium levels. The research found that fermentation-related genes were most abundant across different sediment ...
The University of Hong Kong has pioneered 'RoboDojo', a unified benchmarking platform evaluating robotic manipulation across simulated and physical environments. The platform's initial findings reveal a significant performance gap between current robotic systems and human capabilities.
The University of Hong Kong will host the 2028 Magnetospheres of Outer Planets (MOP) Conference, a premier global symposium in space physics. Hundreds of top scientists will convene in Hong Kong to explore international collaboration on major Jupiter exploration missions.
A new review in Cardiology Discovery provides a structured clinical framework to identify and manage residual cardiovascular risks for patients surviving acute coronary syndrome. The framework groups risks into four categories and summarizes therapeutic options, emphasizing personalized risk re-evaluation for individual patients.
A recent study by HKUMed predicts a 50% increase in global infertility cases among women aged 35-49 by 2036, with East Asia bearing the highest burden. The research emphasizes the need for early fertility planning, assessment, and prevention to mitigate the growing health challenge.
HKU achieves record high in 2026 Academic Ranking of World Universities, rising five places to 62 globally. The university retains its position as the top university in Hong Kong, driven by its commitment to academic excellence and world-class research output.
A comprehensive review highlights recent progress and emerging therapies for hypertrophic cardiomyopathy, including cardiac myosin inhibitors, interventional techniques, and gene-based approaches. The treatment options now offer expanded pathways for both obstructive and non-obstructive patient subgroups, but limitations and uncertaint...
A new navigation system for cyborg insects combines AI-based real-time terrain recognition with the cockroach's natural climbing ability, enabling faster and more efficient navigation. This approach allows the insects to traverse obstacles, climb walls, and cross holes with reduced detours and steering stimulation.
Blockchain scalability research proposes a five-layer framework to examine how blockchain can support AI agents, highlighting key challenges in data management, networking, consensus, execution, and application-level mechanisms. The study identifies future directions for building more reliable and scalable AI agent ecosystems.
Researchers develop a nickel carbene catalyzed asymmetric reduction of internal alkenes, achieving highly regioselective and enantioselective functionalization of inner alkenes. The method uses sterically hindered and tunably flexible NHC ligands, suppressing side reactions and achieving precise stereocontrol.
A new study suggests that younger, less genetically matched donors can produce encouraging outcomes for blood cancer patients. Researchers found that carefully selected mismatched donors can produce favorable outcomes, potentially widening access to a potentially lifesaving transplant.
Researchers found that hot temperatures during development reduced the brightness of Morpho butterfly iridescence, making them duller and more susceptible to predation. The effects of this color change on predators or possible mates remain unknown.
The PennPoa startup, founded by Penn State professor David Huff, has developed a strain of Poa annua that delivers professional putting surfaces at a fraction of the cost. The strain, which takes 8-12 weeks to establish, has hardy growth, density, and a fast putting surface, making it an ideal choice for luxury courses.
A meta-analysis of 9 studies on mindfulness-based cognitive therapy (MBCT) found no evidence of symptom worsening in patients with recurrent depression. In contrast, MBCT was shown to decrease the risk of symptom worsening compared to other treatments, including antidepressants.
Researchers review evidence on potential transmission of amyloid-beta and CAA through blood transfusions, citing a 2023 study that found recipients of contaminated blood had a higher risk of brain bleeds. The authors argue for additional safety measures, citing a cautionary tale from the Infected Blood Inquiry.
A new study reveals how memories change with age, with older adults struggling to recall specific details and general knowledge becoming more prominent. The research highlights the importance of understanding how memory evolves over a lifetime, shedding light on how to support healthy cognitive ageing.
Scientists have captured the first real-time glimpse of cellular machinery reading DNA inside a cell, revealing a more dynamic process than previously thought. The study used cryo-electron microscopy to map intact transcription complexes, showing variations in the RNA polymerase II subunits that were unexpected.
A large international study suggests that age may influence lung cancer biology and could help guide more personalized treatment strategies. Younger adults with non-small cell lung cancer are significantly more likely to have genetic alterations that can be matched with targeted therapies.
Researchers at Texas A&M University used VR technology with scent and touch to reduce negative emotions and increase positive emotions in sailors on a U.S. Navy ship. The study found significant cognitive and emotional benefits, with applications beyond astronauts and long-term patients in hospitals.
A study led by Penn State researchers found that controlling red and blue wavelengths of white light can impact how people experience indoor temperatures, with a 1.3-degree Fahrenheit difference possible. The study aims to reduce heating and cooling demands and improve energy savings by widening people's thermal comfort zone.
McGill researchers have developed a more energy-efficient method for building AI systems that can measure and indicate their own uncertainty. This approach cuts memory and training costs while maintaining strong predictive performance. The researchers aim to make reliable, uncertainty-aware AI practical for large and complex systems.
Irrigated mountain hayfields act as large filtration systems, reducing nutrient concentrations in runoff and improving water quality. This study found that voluntary adoption of best management practices can effectively mitigate the impacts of agricultural nutrient use in mountain meadow hay systems.
A new computational tool called DANDELION has identified 21 genes related to asthma, most of which haven't been discovered by other methods. The tool focuses on trans-gene regulation and successfully validated the impact of these genes on asthma phenotypes in cell models and human data.
A study reveals systemic lipid metabolic rewiring in Bietti's crystalline dystrophy, with patients showing distinct plasma lipid signatures and compensatory metabolic network changes. The research also identifies potential blood-based biomarkers for disease monitoring and treatment safety.
The University of Tennessee is part of the NuCAMP initiative to advance nuclear manufacturing and construction in East Tennessee. The partnership aims to develop new manufacturing and construction methods for nuclear applications, as well as vocational training to support advanced nuclear reactors.
A new study published in Science Advances found that bacteria and fungi from Earth can survive for at least a week in shaded nooks and crannies around the lunar south pole. The study's findings highlight the need to better understand microbial persistence in extreme lunar environments, which is crucial for future space missions.
A new app, WeCareAdvisor, has shown promise in improving the quality of life for dementia caregivers by providing a systematic approach to manage behavioral symptoms. Caregivers who used the app reported significant reductions in distress and behavioral symptoms, as well as improved well-being.
Scientists from Johns Hopkins Medicine report that an experimental mRNA platform, N4-acetylcytidine (ac4C), causes cells to produce more therapeutic proteins to fight disease than the industry standard mRNA platform. This may eventually lead to more efficient drugs that require smaller doses.
Researchers Dr. Page Quinton and Dr. Michael Rygel will investigate ancient water chemistry to shed light on life on land and energy resources. The project will provide hands-on research experience for undergraduates and analyze Devonian-Permian sedimentary rocks.
A daily 20 mg dose of zinc reduced infections by 38% in children with sickle cell anemia, a genetic blood disorder that leaves them vulnerable to infections. The study's findings suggest a potential new strategy to decrease hospitalizations and save lives, with further research planned to confirm the results.
A new correspondence published in The Lancet highlights the importance of human health in the clean energy transition, citing a quintuple win of healthier populations, energy security, and climate mitigation. The authors recommend framing the transition around shared prosperity and wellbeing, and using metrics grounded in community har...
A chemotherapy-free combination of targeted therapies showed encouraging results in patients with HR-positive, HER2-positive metastatic breast cancer, offering a potential first-line treatment option. The regimen produced durable responses while maintaining a manageable safety profile for many patients.
Researchers found that over 145 teragrams of phosphorus have been applied as fertilizer since 1866, with only 52 teragrams remaining in cropland soils. The US could exhaust its domestic phosphorus supply within 40 years, making recycling and circular pathways crucial to meet growing food demands.
A new species of groundsnake, Lielaphis slashi, has been discovered in New Guinea and named after Slash from Guns N' Roses. The snake's unique characteristics and genetic makeup set it apart from other similar species.
A newly registered citrus greening treatment, developed from over a decade of research, has achieved full federal registration. The treatment, rooted in naturally occurring antimicrobial peptides from spinach, protects citrus trees from Huanglongbing disease. The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency has granted unconditional registrati...
Salk Institute researchers found microglia's novel way to contribute to ALS progression and death, using TAM receptors to find and kill motor neurons in spinal cords of mice with ALS. The study suggests a new target for therapy innovation, but notes the complexity of variables involved.
A Virginia Tech study reveals that multiple CD4 T-cell populations work together to control Cryptococcus neoformans, a deadly fungus that causes meningitis in immunocompromised individuals. The finding could lead to new preventive treatments that target a coordinated network of immune cells.
A deep-learning tool analyzed sinus CT scans, finding it more responsive to changes following treatment than traditional scoring methods. This technology has the potential to measure treatment response with greater precision.
Researchers at CUNY ASRC and Honeywell Aerospace developed pairs of ultrathin, nonmetallic coatings that work together to reduce heat transfer. The novel metasurface reduced thermal radiation emission by over 80% compared to nonstructured surfaces, maintaining performance across a wide range of operating temperatures.
Senescence unfolds in stages, not all at once, and can be suppressed without reversing the cells' permanent growth arrest. Different therapies create different forms of senescence, but ultimately lead to the same inflammatory response.
Researchers at UC Irvine developed lab-grown brain tissue with defined regional identity, reproducing molecular characteristics of prenatal human cortex. The model helped investigate fragile X syndrome and autism, highlighting potential developmental processes that can be studied in human tissue models.
Critical Path Institute (C-Path) has achieved ISO/IEC 27001:2022 certification, demonstrating its commitment to protecting sensitive information and partner trust. This certification reflects the organization's structured risk-based information security management system.
Monell researchers have developed a machine learning model to predict the similarity between scent mixtures, achieving a median RMSE of 0.08 and a Pearson correlation of 0.57. The model uses semantic language to describe scent mixtures, suggesting a significant leap forward in predicting scent similarities.
Researchers developed a solar-driven platform that converts desalination brine into a chemical resource for methane conversion, producing freshwater and value-added chemicals. The platform achieved 98.1% selectivity toward chloromethane production and maintained stable operation for 15 days.
Savannah River National Laboratory has won a 2026 R&D 100 Award for its 'Engineered Cermets for Advanced Reactor Waste Disposal' project, which aims to develop durable solutions for nuclear waste management. The project, co-developed with academia and industry partners, focuses on reducing storage footprint and environmental impact.
The German Research Foundation's roundtable emphasized the importance of transatlantic research cooperation and the role of universities in fostering these partnerships. Experts highlighted the need for strategic cooperation and independent research to tackle global challenges.
Researchers found that tree-layer α-diversity peaks at mid-elevation zones, while understory α-diversity shows a bimodal trend with two diversity peaks at 400-600m and 1000-1200m. Community composition differs among low-, mid- and high-elevation zones, driven by species turnover across elevational zones.
Researchers at FAMU-FSU College of Engineering and National High Magnetic Field Laboratory have designed a new quantum computing architecture using magnetic levitation to address design flaws in qubits. The design preserves the advantages of electron-on-neon qubits while removing randomness, making it more reproducible and scalable.
Researchers investigate DNA's physical properties, including shape, flexibility, and interactions with proteins, to understand gene expression and cell activity. The study found that evolution favors the preservation of mechanical stability in DNA molecules.
Researchers found that fluctuations in seawater chemistry followed the rhythm of ice ages, driven by Icelandic ice sheet dynamics. Volcanic material from Iceland released neodymium with distinct radiogenic signatures, influencing ocean circulation and geochemical cycles.
A randomized trial in 21 Japanese elementary schools found that students respond more strongly to environmental education when nature is framed around its human benefits rather than its intrinsic value. This approach increased students' short-term interest in the environment. In contrast, students who received an ecocentric framing sho...
Fractons, exotic quasi-particles, have been detected in a quantum solid-state model, paving the way for experimental verification. Theoretical physicists had predicted their existence in various systems, including quantum spin liquids, using highly generalised gauge field theories.
Researchers found that enhancing autophagy, a cellular recycling process, helps preserve retinal nerve cells in glaucoma models. This approach may protect against cell loss and degeneration, potentially complementing current treatments.
A new study led by the University at Buffalo sheds light on RNA's ability to form droplets, which may have helped give rise to the first cells. The study found that a tiny chemical difference between RNA and DNA enables RNA to more readily organize into droplets, particularly at high temperatures.
Researchers at Syracuse University found that stellar spin can explain the fading of black hole flares in repeating partial tidal disruption events. The study suggests that stars with rapid initial spin may produce flares that decline in brightness over time. This new understanding provides insight into the complex interactions between...
EU scientists highlight the essential role of mosquito control in tackling the increase in mosquito-borne diseases in Europe. The research emphasizes the need for continued investment in research to develop sustainable, evidence-based, and integrated mosquito control strategies. A One Health approach is also recommended to improve the ...
Paleontologists used carbon-dating to analyze over 7,500 fossils, revealing how sediment accumulation rates affect the preservation of fossils. By understanding these rates, researchers can determine the age of a fossil assemblage and extract valuable data from it.
Researchers found that Treg infiltration speed is the critical factor in determining PD-1 blockade immunotherapy outcomes. The team developed a mathematical model that accurately predicted this factor and validated it experimentally, identifying a promising new strategy to improve treatment outcomes.
A new training interface, World-Space Interface, mimics the movements of an excavator's arm and bucket, eliminating the need for mental maps to operate the machine. The system consists of a mechanical arm and a virtual simulator, allowing operators to physically control the excavator in a cab or remotely.
Researchers from Cornell University have created an interactive map identifying 1.8 million individual trees in New York City, which could optimize tree placement for cooling in cities worldwide. The map, using satellite imagery and on-the-ground datasets, is 82% accurate and includes trees on private property and in natural areas. The...
A new study by the University of Illinois Chicago found that time-restricted eating may be a safe and effective tool to control blood sugar levels in adults with Type 1 diabetes. The study, led by Krista Varady, showed a significant reduction in blood sugar levels after six months, with no increased risk of extreme highs or lows.
A recent study found that over half of US adults lack basic statistical understanding, despite a willingness to use statistics in decision-making if they knew more. The study suggests that a basic introduction to statistics can help people understand their own thinking better and become more informed consumers of science.
A new method called 'blocc chemistry' enables the automated assembly of molecules, making it possible for students and citizen scientists to participate in molecular innovation. The approach has already led to the discovery of top-in-class organic laser emitters and durable organic solar cell materials.
A study published in PLOS Biology found that brain synchrony between people of different generations increases when they create art together, predicting feelings of loneliness or social connection. Brain synchrony decreases between same-generation pairs, suggesting a dynamic relationship between social connections and brain activity.
Researchers developed an AI model combining physics and observations to reconstruct the Earth's mantle history. The model accurately recreated past temperatures and deep-mantle flow with high accuracy, indicating that combining complementary geophysical information is essential for recovering realistic mantle convection histories.
A Barcelona trial shows nature-based social prescribing with facilitated groups reduces loneliness among adults experiencing greater loneliness. Participants with higher emotional and social difficulties benefited more from the intervention.
A study reconstructing 23 million years of African megaherbivore evolution found that low rates of speciation drove their decline, not higher extinction rates. Larger species did not go extinct faster than smaller ones, but megaherbivores gave rise to new species much more slowly.
Scientists have discovered a new connection between energy-producing mitochondria and chronic inflammation in senescent cells, which promotes age-related diseases. Blocking a related gene and using a drug called CTPI-2 reduced inflammation and promoted healthier aging in mice.
Researchers found that active participation in colorectal cancer screening was associated with a 43% lower risk of dying from the disease, compared to just a 26% lower risk for those invited to screening. This study highlights the importance of taking part in colorectal cancer screening to save lives.
Researchers discovered 'bypasses' in grass plants that allow for efficient synthesis of lignin and starch, enabling rapid growth and competitive advantage. This metabolic trait also benefits agriculture and opens doors for future improvements in plant biotechnology.
A digital wellness program combining guided movement, breathing, and meditation exercises reduced anxiety and depression symptoms in adults with chronic medical conditions. The program also improved quality of life and fatigue, with no significant difference found between the self-directed and telephone-supported versions.
Researchers found that brain synchrony increases when individuals draw together, but decreases over time in cross-generational pairs. In contrast, same-age pairs show increased synchrony over time. The study suggests that mutual prediction, or anticipating each other's behavior, plays a key role in brain synchrony.
The AI-powered labs use robotics, high-throughput experiments, AI, and automated analysis to accelerate discovery. However, these systems also require safety measures, transparent decision-making, and standardized data to prevent concentration among a few institutions.
Researchers found that capillary endothelial cells are major building blocks of new coronary collaterals, which are essential for cardiac repair. A VEGF-driven molecular pathway promotes the conversion of capillaries into collateral arteries, offering a potential strategy for enhancing de novo collateral formation and cardiac repair.
The EU Battery Regulation establishes detailed requirements for tracking life-cycle greenhouse-gas emissions, material circularity, and responsible sourcing. Researchers propose a phased approach to improve transparency and credibility, while addressing challenges of region-specific measurement and verification rules.
A study of 2,344 Chinese counties found that stronger solar expansion policies are associated with significant declines in bird diversity, largely due to habitat loss and fragmentation. The expansion of renewable energy can help combat climate change, but it may also create environmental trade-offs that must be carefully considered.
The EU battery regulations have the potential to improve global sustainability governance by establishing standardized data and calculation methods for environmental performance. This could lead to more comparable and transparent data across the market, but also raises challenges around representativeness and rigor.
Researchers discovered that targeted cooling devices, such as wearable fans, can provide similar comfort to desk fans without drafts, making them a viable alternative for reducing energy use. The study found that these devices can maintain thermal comfort and even improve upon that of traditional desk fans.
Researchers at the University of Birmingham and UCL published a comprehensive analysis of ultrasound detectors used in photoacoustic tomography, a medical imaging technology. They established a standardized 'noise-equivalent pressure' landscape, revealing the performance capabilities of 82 detectors across four main types.
A recent study by INSEAD researchers found a significant decline in disruptive science, with papers and patents increasingly following established paths. However, a peer-reviewed analysis by the researchers has refuted criticism that the decline is due to dataset artefacts, and the finding holds true across multiple databases and metrics.
A new study reveals that antibiotic resistance genes can be detected in wild mice on farms, with 50% of genes found in cattle also present in mice. Environmental factors and livestock farming intensity play a greater role in determining resistance genes than the mice's characteristics.
A new strategy design method for multi-aspect information acquisition of non-cooperative targets is proposed using sequential coalition game theory. The method combines four close-range operation models to achieve efficient acquisition of multi-aspect payload information under minimum fuel constraints.
A new study finds that press releases are essential for increasing the public reach of scientific studies, with no media coverage without one. Meanwhile, social media promotion alone is not enough to secure media attention. The study highlights the importance of press releases in shaping the scientific information available to society.
A study found that natural forest regeneration delivered significant carbon and biodiversity benefits, and could be up to 96% cheaper than traditional tree-planting programs. The research identified 'holistic hotspots' in areas like Indonesia, Madagascar, and the Amazon basin where natural regeneration provided high carbon benefits and...
Researchers used AI and geometric morphometrics to analyze 243 historic vessels, tracking changes in shape and function over time. The study reveals that Edo-period
A new study reveals that higher CO2 levels help wild savanna grasses conserve water, reduce drought stress, and continue growing under dry conditions. The study found a 28% increase in grass production in South Africa's Kruger National Park between 1989 and 2021, with implications for fire activity, wildlife, and the carbon cycle.
A narrative perspective calls for multidimensional patient assessment beyond risk scores to address care disparities in non-ST-elevation myocardial infarction. Younger patients with ongoing ischemia may benefit from early angiography despite moderate risk scores.
A study conducted at São Paulo State University found that low concentrations of caustic soda increase methane production from banana waste, reducing reagent consumption and process costs. The optimal concentration of 0.2% NaOH promotes the greatest solubilization of carbohydrates and highest rate of gas production.
Teenagers who experience online bullying are at greater risk of later emotional and behavioral difficulties, with loneliness and emotional regulation issues being key factors. The study found that helping young people feel less isolated and supporting their emotional wellbeing can mitigate the impact of cyberbullying.
The partnership program combines an MS in Nutrition with a geriatric care-focused dietetic internship, offering a streamlined 21-month path to advanced clinical nutrition training. Students gain supervised practice experience in various care environments, including subacute clinical care, outpatient nutrition, and long-term care.
A Baylor College of Medicine-led team found that individuals with early signs of type 1 diabetes who moved into a normal weight range had about a 48% lower risk of progressing to clinical type 1 diabetes compared to those who remained overweight or obese. The association was strongest in children and adolescents.
A study found that preschool teachers in urban areas report lower perceived support for play-based learning from families compared to suburban teachers. Play-based learning is an evidence-based teaching strategy that combines child-directed play with intentional adult guidance.
The 2029 Apophis flyby will offer a unique opportunity for planetary science and defense against a potentially hazardous asteroid. The event will provide insights into Apophis' physical state and expected effects on its orbit and spin, as well as potential surface material displacement and internal structural response.
Researchers have created miniature human kidneys from stem cells to study acute kidney injury and test potential treatments. The microscopic model reproduces key features of human kidney injury, allowing for the investigation of why some kidney cells recover while others develop persistent damage.
Researchers have identified several existing TGA-approved medicines that could slow brain damage in children with Sanfilippo syndrome, a devastating childhood dementia. The study used lab-grown brain cells and AI to rapidly test approved drugs and pinpoint those that improve brain cell health.
Microglial cells from patients with genetic and sporadic frontotemporal dementia differ in function and gene expression. Changes in lysosomal function and gene expression profiles are observed, suggesting a common factor in disease processes.
A study by Xi'an Jiaotong-Liverpool University finds women exhibit strong competitiveness for top positions, often winning them more often than men. Despite this, the financial benefits of reaching the top are often offset by the costs of competition.
Physicists recreate primordial matter by smashing small atomic nuclei, revealing a bowling-pin-shaped pattern that provides insights into atomic nuclei. The research, published in Physical Review Letters, could lead to a paradigm shift in understanding nuclear structure and the strong force.
Researchers found that high-entropy tungsten bronze ceramics exhibit ferroelectric behavior despite increased configurational entropy, challenging the conventional expectation. The study reveals that structural evolution, local BO6 environment, and polar nanoregion dynamics control the relaxor-ferroelectric evolution.
A team of researchers at Shandong University has introduced a solution to the hardness-toughness trade-off in advanced ceramics. They demonstrated that spinodal decomposition and precipitation can be activated simultaneously through controlled aging, creating a hierarchical microstructure that combines different interfaces and defects....
Researchers employed in-situ dielectric spectroscopy to monitor capacitance and conductance during ZnO varistor ceramics sintering. The apparent activation energy of DC conductance was identified as a descriptor for tracking DSB evolution, correlating with microstructural and phase evolution.