Brightsurf delivers daily science news discoveries, articles, and the latest scientific breakthroughs. Your trusted source for science news today, covering nature news, science & technology, and scientific discoveries from leading research institutions worldwide.
A large-scale genetic study suggests that inherited taste preferences for sweet and fatty foods can influence eating behaviors and contribute to chronic disease risk. People with a higher genetic predisposition for these tastes tend to eat more of them, leading to a higher risk of obesity and type 2 diabetes.
A new study reveals that industrial poultry farming has led to a 100-fold increase in Campylobacter movement, allowing strains to mix extensively in commercial poultry populations. This has resulted in more than 3.5 times as many gastroenteritis cases in the UK each year compared to other foodborne bacteria.
A study of ancient human relatives' fossil footprints reveals that a previously thought smaller species was actually larger, while also showing evidence of group travel. The tracks, preserved over 1.4 million years ago in northern Kenya, offer insights into the behavior and interactions of these early humans.
A new study documents fossil footprints of eight adult Paranthropus boisei individuals, indicating human-like body sizes and complex social structures. The discovery provides a rare snapshot of 'fossil behavior' from an ancient hominin group in northern Kenya.
A new AI model called Biogeochemistry-Informed Neural Network (BINN) has been developed to advance scientific discovery in agriculture and biogeochemistry. It is 50 times more efficient than its predecessors and can predict biological processes not yet well understood.
Researchers found that genetic factors play a role in how individuals respond to a low-carb, high-fat diet, with those at higher risk experiencing greater increases in LDL cholesterol. The study suggests personalized dietary guidance based on genetic profiles could help identify who may experience adverse responses to certain diets.
The VERITAS project establishes AI Assurance as a core function of scientific research infrastructure to document, review, and stress-test AI systems. It aims to develop practical methods for detecting vulnerabilities before they compromise scientific results.
Baskin is the first female and first Black woman to be named director of a National Cancer Institute-designated cancer center, leading Massey Comprehensive Cancer Center. She champions the community-to-bench model, prioritizing rural areas and underserved groups in cancer prevention and treatment research.
A soft, wearable fingertip patch continuously monitors levodopa levels in patients' sweat, comparable to standard laboratory blood tests. This technology enables precise customization of daily medication schedules for patients at home, potentially improving treatment outcomes.
USC researchers have been selected for the U.S. Department of Energy's Genesis Mission to harness artificial intelligence for scientific discovery and innovation. Two projects led by USC will explore ways to develop faster and more energy-efficient computing hardware and better understand the natural concentration of critical minerals.
Researchers developed an antibiotic-free multifunctional injectable hydrogel that promotes tissue repair through synergistic antioxidant and antibacterial activity. The hydrogel shows compatibility with blood and surrounding tissues, delivering therapeutic agents in a controlled and sustained manner.
A new study reveals that lignin can be transformed into a bioactive material that promotes the formation of bone-like minerals while supporting the growth of bone-forming cells. The material also degrades gradually under physiological conditions, making it suitable for scaffolds intended to be replaced by newly formed bone during healing.
A study by USC researchers found that signals from the gut through the vagus nerve can help form memories, particularly those related to food. The brain responds to a food's nutrients rather than just its flavor, suggesting a potential mechanism for memory formation.
Researchers have developed an AI tool that can detect online propaganda in Kinyarwanda, a Bantu language spoken by 350 million Africans. The dataset, called KinyaProp, provides examples of misinformation in Kinyarwanda for large language models to learn from and recognize.
Researchers have created a new, recyclable yarn that mimics the properties of spandex-based yarns, offering an alternative to non-recyclable stretchy garments. The yarn is made from a form of plastic and can be melted down and reused multiple times without losing its strength and flexibility.
The Genesis Mission aims to accelerate breakthroughs in energy, scientific discovery and national security through AI-powered research. Texas A&M University has joined the initiative, contributing to a unified discovery platform connecting government, industry, academia and philanthropy.
Researchers detected chlorinated organophosphorus esters in solid waste, linked to toxic effects on the endocrine and reproductive systems. The substances, used as flame retardants, can cause cancer and harm human health if not managed properly.
Researchers at UC Irvine analyzed 100,000 inspection records to identify key factors responsible for severe wildfires in California. The team developed a high-resolution fire risk map that highlights areas with the highest probability of property losses.
A study by North Carolina State University researchers found that an AVP stimulation test can reliably diagnose endocrine dysfunction in sick foals. The test, which involves administering arginine vasopressin to stimulate the release of hormones, showed promising results in detecting hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal gland axis (HPAA) dys...
A randomized trial found a significant reduction in alcohol use among refugees and locals in Mantapala refugee settlement. The SBIRT intervention was more effective than treatment as usual, with sustained effects over 12 months.
Researchers have created a new approach to cancer vaccine design by leveraging pre-existing antiviral immune memories. PROTEXI, a dendritic cell vaccine platform, converts dormant antiviral memory into a catalyst for antitumor immunity, slowing tumor growth and improving survival in multiple preclinical models.
Researchers identified key genes controlling cellulose, hemicellulose, and lignin synthesis in Ginkgo biloba wood. The study's findings offer a roadmap for breeding superior timber varieties with tailored properties.
A UTEP researcher has developed a simple, low-dose leaf spray that can substantially reverse the damage caused by salty soil on tomato plants. The treatment pairs manganese oxide nanoparticles with chitosan and has been shown to increase shoot weight, root growth, and antioxidant enzyme activity in stressed plants.
A recent international workshop led by UC Santa Barbara researchers has taken the first steps toward developing a large-scale strategy for carbon sequestration by burying plant biomass in anoxic marine basins. The concept, known as marine anoxic carbon storage (MACS), has the potential to operate at a massive scale required to mitigate...
Researchers discovered that dengue virus can infect memory B cells, immune cells traditionally understood to help protect the body from infection. This finding points towards new strategies for treating dengue, a disease threatening 40% of the world's population.
A new $3.3 million study aims to investigate how people perceive cognitive changes as they age, with a focus on identifying predictive markers for dementia. The 'worried well' - individuals with cognitive complaints but normal test results - may hold clues to early disease detection.
The University of Tennessee has appointed Carolyn J. Anderson as a UT-Oak Ridge National Laboratory Governor's Chair for Nuclear Medicine. She will focus on researching radioisotopes produced at ORNL for targeted alpha-emitting radiotherapy, which can precisely kill cancer cells with minimal side effects.
A SKKU study finds that concentrated aid support from a single agency reduces local corruption, but overlapping aid agencies increase the risk of corruption. The research team analyzed data from over 30,000 projects across Afghanistan and found that moderate aid volumes with collaborative project ideas have a positive impact.
Research explores whether eyes being open or closed affects brain activity related to mind wandering and arousal. Brain activity associated with arousal has opposite effects on mind wandering depending on eye state, suggesting a context-dependent relationship.
Astronomers spot supermassive black hole on outskirts of galaxy, defying assumption that it resides in the center. The discovery uses AI program to identify characteristic light patterns from tidal disruption events.
Researchers found that long-term systemic treatment with senolytic PROTAC 753b slowed several features of age-related intervertebral disc degeneration in male mice, preserving extracellular matrix protein aggrecan and reducing inflammatory markers. However, female mice showed little improvement, suggesting a sex-specific response.
A microscopic atlas reveals how citrus Huanglongbing disease develops over time, causing phloem cell death and callose deposition in leaves and fruit tissues. Roots experience starch depletion, driving root decay and nutrient deficiencies.
The first patient has been enrolled in a global Phase 3 clinical trial evaluating Mocertatug Rezetecan, a novel B7-H4-targeted ADC, in platinum-resistant ovarian cancer. The study aims to determine whether this therapy can improve outcomes compared with standard chemotherapy.
Experts warn that US suicide deaths are undercounted due to misclassification of drug overdoses as accidental deaths. A new measure, self-injury mortality, aims to shift the focus from intent after death to accounting for behaviors prior to death.
Researchers at University of Missouri develop natural colorants from purple corn, showing stability and durability in various environments. The anthocyanins, rich in antioxidants, offer a viable path for food companies to create cleaner labels without sacrificing performance.
A new analysis of 19 randomized controlled trials found that different GLP-1 medications have distinct effects on heart and metabolic health, suggesting a need for personalized treatment selection. Oral GLP-1 therapies are emerging as strong options that could expand accessibility and flexibility.
Researchers developed a soft, stretchable antenna that can maintain stable wireless connections even during movement. The antenna's design allows it to compensate for changes in shape and size, enabling wearable devices to track vital signs continuously and reliably.
A new method integrates remote sensing and meteorological data to estimate leaf age of winter wheat before overwintering. The study found that the method significantly improved accuracy compared to traditional methods.
A new study reverses the classic Dunning-Kruger effect, suggesting that high-ability people are more overconfident than low performers. The researchers argue that flawed statistical analysis led to the original finding, and when corrected, it reveals a universal human trait of overconfidence among the most capable.
Researchers have developed a novel double-shell host material that overcomes the notorious shuttle effect in lithium-sulfur batteries. The material's dynamic electrochemical microenvironment actively transports polysulfides away from the catalyst surface, preventing passivation and ensuring sustained high catalytic efficiency.
A study of human remains from an Italian necropolis provides clues about the daily lives of people 2,700 years ago. The analysis of isotopes in bones, teeth, hair, and nails reveals differences in diet between men and women, as well as a society with significant mobility and contact with other populations.
A transient electronic state plays a key role in the formation of a photoinduced hidden state in a metal–organic framework, which can be controlled with light for future applications. The study provides new insights into designing materials with novel optical properties.
A new study from UT Health San Antonio found that Hispanic populations experience higher rates of frontotemporal dementia, with significant delays in diagnosis due to educational disparities. The research highlights the importance of culturally sensitive diagnostic tools and interventions for equitable dementia care.
Research reveals CUDC-907's therapeutic potential in combating glioblastoma by inhibiting PI3K and HDAC, leading to enhanced TMZ sensitivity through disrupted double-strand break repair pathways.
Meablex's innovative prosthetic arm addresses challenges of traditional devices, including adjustable sockets and reliable control systems. The company's technology combines lightweight soft robotic materials and advanced 3D-printing to improve the quality of life for people with upper limb loss.
Researchers uncover CXCR4's role in suppressing aldosterone production by upregulating ID3, a transcription regulator that halts CYP11B2 expression. This novel signaling axis offers a new strategy to combat autonomous hormonal overproduction and severe secondary hypertension.
A new study of an Israeli hospital's response to the October 7 attacks reveals critical gaps in communication, staffing, logistics, and casualty distribution. The findings offer practical lessons that could help hospitals worldwide prepare for prolonged armed conflicts and other large-scale emergencies.
Researchers found that populations of small invertebrates thrive near rat-infested islands, where seabirds are scarce. In contrast, fish biomass is higher on reefs without rats, benefiting from nutrient-rich guano deposits.
A new grant will allow researchers to develop a non-invasive magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) exam to detect early changes in tissue and improve diagnosis and treatment for lymphedema and lipedema. The SALT MRI approach tracks sodium, adipose tissue, and lymphatic fluids to better understand how they affect lymphatic function.
A research team studied ion-exchange membranes to understand their structure and ability, finding that flexible backbones achieve higher ion conductivity with less water uptake. This discovery offers molecular-level design guidelines for next-generation energy devices.
A new liquid-based platform called 'floatony' can form and maintain complex three-dimensional microbial structures while preserving molecular diffusion, spatial structures, and cell mobility. This approach could offer new ways to study gut microbiota, biofilms, and other spatially organized microbial communities.
The Cluster of Excellence 'The Politics of Inequality' investigates how inequality can be reduced through specific political conditions. Research projects focus on rectification for historical injustices, biological ageing processes, and household decisions to prevent perpetuation of inequality.
Scientists at Houston Methodist Research Institute have created a biodegradable implant that delivers cancer-fighting drugs directly to tumors, slowing their release over time. The device showed promising results in preclinical models of triple-negative breast cancer, eliminating tumors in 60% of cases without significant side effects.
A study of over 350,000 students found teachers predict higher A-Level grades for girls than boys with similar results. The 'halo effect' may contribute to this gap, where positive impressions about girls spill over into predictions.
Researchers used machine learning to identify seven rare quasar candidates from a list of 800,000 quasars. The discovery offers an opportunity to expand knowledge of how quasars and their host galaxies work, as well as understanding our own galaxy's evolution.
Researchers have calculated fundamental laws of thermodynamics for a gas made up of spinning particles, finding that pressure is similar to a normal gas but at an elevated temperature. Localized surface currents also arise, enabling targeted particle transport.
A new survey found that Native American adults are open to healthier eating based on traditional Indigenous foods, with 78% willing to try a whole food, plant-based diet. However, only 13% are aware that such diets can help prevent or improve type 2 diabetes.
Researchers found type III interferons reduce disease severity in autoimmune uveitis by suppressing Th1/Th17 responses and NLRP1/NLRP3 inflammasome activation. This study identifies IFN-λ as a promising immunomodulatory agent for autoimmune uveitis.
A comprehensive review of dementia prevalence and risk factors in India reveals unique health outcomes for South Asian populations. The study sets the stage for the SAMARTH initiative, tracking brain health in South Asian Americans to identify modifiable risks and protective factors.
A new concept from Warwick researchers introduces Quantum Phononic Links, which use sound vibrations to carry quantum information between qubits across an entire semiconductor chip. This approach enables long-range qubit connectivity, paving the way for building large-scale quantum computers with millions of qubits.
The American College of Lifestyle Medicine (ACLM) has earned Joint Accreditation for Interprofessional Continuing Education, allowing it to independently accredit its own interprofessional continuing education activities. This enables ACLM to deliver high-quality, team-based training that strengthens collaboration and improves patient ...
A new statistical model predicts which Red Sea fish species are likely to invade the Mediterranean, with a focus on their ability to survive without coral reefs. The study identifies three species with high potential to invade: stellate pufferfish, cinnabar goatfish, and yellowspotted trevally.
Hepatopulmonary syndrome is characterized by pulmonary angiogenesis and refractory hypoxemia, with agrimoniin treatment attenuating pathological changes by restoring mitochondrial respiration and reducing glycolytic activity. Activation of PGC-1α is essential for mediating improvements in vascular remodeling and metabolic balance.
Researchers compared common blood-based biomarkers for predicting eventual Alzheimer's dementia and found that P-tau 217 had moderate predictive power in the preclinical stage. In contrast, a biomarker for amyloid beta protein misfolding was highly predictive even in cognitively normal individuals.
New research finds that exclusive cigarette use is being replaced by exclusive use of electronic cigarettes, especially among young adults. The study's findings have important implications for predicting the future burden of tobacco-related cancer and highlight a need to address smoking cessation among older adults.
Astronomers at UNC-Chapel Hill have observed an extremely rare 'wandering' black hole located tens of thousands of light-years from the center of its galaxy. This discovery could reshape our understanding of how massive black holes move through the universe after galaxies collide.
Researchers developed a novel blended-PPY conductive polymer with graphene oxide and indium tin oxide nanoparticles for enhanced antibacterial performance. The resulting nanocomposites showed improved optical behavior and broad-spectrum antibacterial capacity.
Dr. Enrico Novelli leads a newly launched network to expand access to care for patients with sickle cell disease across Maryland. He brings expertise in SCD and blood vessel biology, as well as global efforts to strengthen hematology care.
Researchers have identified a new powdery mildew resistance gene, Pm72, from wild einkorn wheat that will be useful for wheat breeding. The gene was found to confer effective resistance to all ten pathogen isolates tested and can be detected using a diagnostic marker.
The BirdNET Live app can identify over 8,900 bird species and thousands of other animal sounds in real-time and offline. It is designed for nature conservation professionals, researchers, and amateur ornithologists, offering a practical solution for field conditions.
A large clinical trial found that family-based behavioral treatment significantly improved weight reduction and related health outcomes for children with obesity. The study demonstrated that this approach can be successfully integrated into routine clinical practice, increasing access to effective weight management for families in need.
Human microglia mature slowly compared to other animals, influencing cognitive abilities and enabling powerful brain functions. The discovery sheds light on what made the human brain unique during evolution.
Technion researchers have identified a previously unknown mechanism that enables bacteria to rapidly develop antibiotic resistance. This non-canonical gene amplification process produces dozens of copies of resistance-conferring genes, allowing bacteria to adapt quickly to antibiotic treatment.
A new study found that older adults who took a daily multivitamin had significantly better measures of functional health after 3 years compared to those who took a placebo. The findings suggest that a daily multivitamin can help preserve cognitive abilities and benefit blood circulation and physical stamina.
A case-control study found that individuals with delinquent mortgage payments, repossessions, late credit card payments, and lower credit scores had a significantly increased risk of suicide. The study's findings suggest that financial stressors play a critical role in the development of suicidal thoughts and behaviors.
A new report by Brookings Institution suggests the US can improve its role in partners' conflicts by clearly communicating goals and persuading allies to adjust their strategies. Dafna Rand's research identified missteps and misunderstandings that undermined America's ability to manage and influence allies' strategies.
Researchers found a significant increase in binge drinking and heavy drinking among pregnant women in the US between 2011 and 2024. The study highlights the importance of addressing alcohol consumption during pregnancy, particularly among vulnerable populations such as those with tobacco use or mental health concerns.
A phase 3 randomized controlled trial found that gefurulimab significantly improved clinical benefits for adults with generalized myasthenia gravis, resulting in meaningful improvements in daily living and muscle strength scores. Most side effects were mild and similar between treatment and control groups.
A randomized clinical trial in South Delhi, India found that an integrated package of health, nutrition, and early stimulation support significantly improved the growth of term small-for-gestational-age infants. Infants who received this intervention had a higher weight at 12 months compared to those receiving usual government care.
In a new clinical trial, about one-third of children with multiple food allergies gained the ability to safely eat full servings of their allergy-triggering foods. The trial, led by Stanford Medicine, tested omalizumab and oral immunotherapy as treatments for life-threatening food allergies.
A cross-sectional study evaluates state-level limitations and exemptions regarding cellphone use among public school students. State laws regulating cellphone use vary significantly across the US, with some states allowing or restricting phone use during school hours.
A culturally tailored meal program rooted in traditional Diné foods significantly reduced hospitalizations and emergency department visits among heart failure patients. Participants also reported improved quality of life, decreased food insecurity, and reduced financial strain.
A cluster randomized clinical trial found that portable high-efficiency particulate air (HEPA) filters reduced winter respiratory infection rates among older adult residents in some care homes. However, the study showed no significant difference in infection rates between homes with HEPA filters and those without them.
Researchers at Duke University have developed a method to systematically develop novel probiotic and prebiotic combinations to maintain gut health and treat gastrointestinal diseases. The approach uses machine learning and automation to explore complex interactions between microbes, nutritional sources, and the environment.
Climate change has become Europe's top environmental issue, with concerns rising despite global crises, particularly in Nordic countries. Local impacts are also being recognized, such as water scarcity in Spain and air pollution in Italy.
A new study published in JAMA found that prenatal alcohol exposure has increased in the US over the past decade, with a significant rise in current alcohol use, binge drinking, and heavy drinking among pregnant women. The study suggests that these trends may be concerning, as no amount of alcohol is established as safe during pregnancy.
An international team of researchers simulated proton motions in water with unprecedented accuracy, finding that the configuration of surrounding water molecules determines proton movement. The study expands current understanding of how water shapes proton transport.
A new study reveals that the nutritional composition of milk depends on the dairy production method and season. Organic grass-fed milk contains significantly more omega-3 fatty acids than conventionally-produced milk.
A national survey of over 1,000 U.S. adolescents found that nearly one-quarter of teens used mobile food delivery services during school hours, with fast foods and sugary beverages being popular options. Researchers raise concerns about the impact on learning environments and healthy nutrition for students.
Researchers identified three amino acid changes that account for the 30 nm difference in light absorption between red and green cone pigments, enabling precise color discrimination. The study's findings may inform future drug discovery efforts targeting visual photoreceptors.
A new study from Carnegie Mellon University and Oxford Saïd Business School found that the entry of ride-hailing platforms drove measurable increases in economic output and intermittent employment. Regional GDP per capita increased, and the number of seasonal, temporary, or intermittent jobs rose after Uber and Lyft entered the region.
Researchers found that fatty acids and hydroxy acids can combine to create stronger and more stable structures than either molecule can form alone. This cooperative effect suggests that simple molecules may have been helping each other create more organized chemical systems, which could eventually lead to the emergence of life.
Researchers analyzed shark vertebrae to discover a finely engineered biomechanical system supporting strength, flexibility, and swimming efficiency. Different species evolved unique internal structures reflecting their varied swimming strategies.
Most of the carbon released during Canada’s record 2023 wildfire season came from burning soil and peat. Underground carbon stores accounted for 76 per cent of wildfire emissions. The findings highlight the vulnerability of Canada’s soil carbon stores to intensifying wildfires.
Research by the American Psychological Association finds that polarized individuals view moderates as supporting the opposing side, even when their views are more moderate. This 'moderate as out-group effect' can lead to a self-perpetuating cycle of distrust and further polarization.
The Optica i4 Prize honors individuals and organizations with outstanding achievements in innovation, integrity, inclusion, and impact. This year's recipients are Lumentum President and CEO Michael Hurlston and company TRUMPF, recognized for their contributions to the global optics and photonics industry.
Professor Katerina Harvati has revolutionized our understanding of human origins with her pioneering techniques in Virtual Anthropology and 3D geometric morphometrics. Her research confirms the African origin of modern humans and reveals new insights into Neanderthal species.
Researchers at the University of Minnesota have developed an AI system that tracks a diver's health in real-time using robotic vision and exhaled bubble analysis. The system can detect signs of stress, hyperventilation, or exhaustion, providing a non-contact approach to monitor divers' physiological stress underwater.
Researchers analyzed ancient burial records to understand why some societies practiced residential burials and how this practice changed over time. They found that residential burials were more common in older societies than expected, suggesting that cultural practices can shift significantly over centuries.
The American College of Chest Physicians has released a clinical guideline on sleep-disordered breathing in pregnancy, highlighting the need for targeted care. The guideline provides nine evidence-based recommendations to screen, diagnose, treat, and reevaluate pregnant patients with obstructive sleep apnea, associated with significant...
The discovery of two new snail species in Montenegro highlights the need to protect the country's biodiversity. The snails, found in Durmitor National Park and Komarnica Canyon, were described as having unique features such as conical shells and a circular disk on their tails.
Researchers have developed a novel hybrid control strategy for quasi-zero stiffness isolators, addressing payload variations and residual resonant peaks. The 'smart cushion' can adapt to changing loads in seconds, making it crucial for precision applications like chip manufacturing and robot handling of fragile goods.
A team of researchers from Chiba University developed a method to monitor laser ablation in real time by detecting tiny push-back forces during laser cutting. By tracking the recoil force, they can sense depth and detect completion in real time, allowing for precise control over the process.
Researchers from the University of Toyama developed an OLED that incorporates a crystalline rubrene thin film, achieving higher current density and reduced luminance turn-on voltage. The study suggests that organic crystals with high charge-transport properties can be integrated into practical thin-film OLEDs.
Researchers discovered that tobacco hawkmoth wings have specialized hair-like structures that can detect specific aromas. The wings contain sensory receptors that can pick out unpleasant amine odours, guiding the moths to their favorite plants for laying eggs.
Researchers have identified a panel of key proteins in blood that can predict the emergence of ALS symptoms months to years before they arise. This discovery could enable early intervention with preventative therapies.
Researchers at Aberystwyth University are developing high-protein powders that offer a natural alternative to artificial protein drinks. The new drinks feature plant-based, dairy and hybrid vitamin and mineral blends, combined with ingredients to promote muscle retention, cognitive health, and overall wellbeing.
A bioinspired material accelerates wound healing by capturing and releasing human skin's natural healing proteins. This approach shows promise in improving the repair of human skin tissue and could one day make advanced wound care more accessible in emergency medicine and low-resource health systems.
Researchers at Kyoto University developed a new training method to study habit formation in mice, revealing two distinct brain circuits managing different aspects of habits. The first circuit determines whether behavior becomes a habit, while the second controls execution levels.
A study led by IBEC researchers reveals that cells reorganize their internal scaffolding in response to sustained stretching, forming supracellular networks and 'uncaging' their nuclei. This process is facilitated by interactions between keratin and actin filaments.
Physicists at the University of California San Diego discovered that substrates are not inert when subjected to electrical stimulus, instead coupling with thin film. This finding has implications for building brain-inspired computer chips needed for energy-efficient computing.
A national poll reveals that nearly one in six parents say their young adult child doesn't handle basic healthcare tasks independently. Parents attribute the gap to a lack of knowledge and experience, with most reporting they've done enough to prepare their child for health responsibility.
A field experiment on wild kittiwakes found that birds with high energy costs during breeding raised more chicks the next year, but at a cost to their own survival. The study reveals how flexible energy use can lead to hidden trade-offs in life-history strategy.
Researchers found that alternating periods of nutrient-rich conditions and starvation can stabilize a self-destructive survival strategy in yeast, allowing it to persist for hundreds of millions of years. This theory suggests that changing environments play a crucial role in shaping the evolution of complex ecological strategies.
A study on La Brea Tar Pits fossils found rare spinal nerve tumors and developmental abnormalities, suggesting a dwindling species was in poor genetic health. This may have made them more vulnerable to hunting, ultimately contributing to their extinction.
A new study reveals that burnout is pushing emergency physicians to leave the specialty or reduce clinical hours, exacerbating a crisis in Canadian healthcare. The study found that 10% of emergency medicine physicians had left the specialty, and women and younger physicians reported higher rates of burnout.
A systematic evaluation of polyglycol-based foam control agents has identified FCA332 as a robust option for industrial fermentation processes. The agent's low viscosity, moderate cloud point, and favorable surface tension make it an ideal choice for balancing operational efficiency with biological safety.
A new group contribution method, ACGC+, significantly improves prediction accuracy for nine key phase transition properties in organic compounds. The method incorporates local structural information to differentiate isomers and structural variations.
A new study documents 2,304 grass species in China, including 1,978 native and 326 alien species, with 52% of native species endemic to the region. The checklist highlights conservation efforts for threatened species, invasive aliens, and guides biodiversity research.
A prospective cohort study found that higher residential greenness was associated with lower type 2 diabetes risk, especially among individuals with higher genetic susceptibility. The study suggested that environmental exposure may play an important role in shaping metabolic phenotypes and influencing diabetes risk.
Researchers found a link between periodontitis and osteoporosis through gut bacteria, showing how oral inflammation can accelerate whole-body bone deterioration. This study suggests maintaining oral health may play a role in systemic bone health.
Researchers created microspheres with twisted-bipolar molecular configuration, enabling angle-selective optical resonance and laser oscillation. The resulting emissions mimic Saturn's rings, showcasing directional control of light in microscopic spaces.
Researchers at Kyoto University successfully eliminated hepatitis C virus in six chimpanzees using direct-acting antiviral therapy, improving their liver function and health. However, two chimpanzees died of liver cancer, highlighting the need for further study and potential drug resistance.
Researchers found that live sporting events stimulate oxytocin dynamics, leading to increased heart-rate synchrony among casual spectators. This physiological response is linked to greater enjoyment, unity with players and spectators, immersion, and intention to reattend future events.
Pastoral communities in Tiaty, Kenya, are adapting to climate variability by changing livestock patterns, farming practices, and settlement arrangements. These adaptations suggest a selective conversion of land from dense shrubland to mixed areas, with a focus on drought-tolerant crops and climate-resilient livestock species.
A new study reveals that Northern Eurasia's carbon sink is driven by climate change, with stronger sinks in western and southern regions. Forest productivity is a key determinant of the regional carbon sink, not just warming alone.
Researchers assessed ATT12's observational capabilities and found it could detect distant galaxies, identify dusty star-forming galaxies, and study galactic gas density. The telescope is planned for construction in Antarctica's dry conditions.
Researchers at Xi'an Jiaotong University create single-molecule magnetostrictor with temperature-dependent response to magnetic fields. The discovery could broaden applications of single-molecule magnets and enable new technologies.
Researchers found that specific bacterial genera on litchi peel act as a 'freshness clock' predicting fruit freshness with high accuracy. They also isolated a strain that inhibits postharvest pathogens, providing a safe alternative to synthetic fungicides.
Researchers found that Davunetide significantly slowed disease progression in women with PSP, preserving motor and functional abilities. The study's findings highlight the need for sex-specific medicine in neurodegenerative diseases.
A study analyzing Chinese and global soil metagenomes found substantial declines in antimicrobial resistance genes after China implemented its AMR control plan. The research suggests a close association between soil resistomes and antimicrobial use patterns across human and animal sectors.
The discovery of Cygnus X-3 reveals it as the most powerful particle accelerator known to date, producing photons with energies up to 30 PeV. The precise temporal variability and high gamma-ray energies measured by LHAASO confirm its status as a source of cosmic rays.
A comprehensive study maps the global CSDH trial landscape, identifying research hotspots, evidence gaps, and future priorities. The study highlights persistent geographic imbalance, recurrence as a core challenge, and the need for standardized anticoagulation management and MMAE guidelines.
Researchers developed a lean-lithium oxychloride solid electrolyte with high ionic conductivity and tunable properties. The interfacial percolation strategy enabled the creation of a continuous transport network throughout the electrolyte, allowing for efficient lithium-ion migration.
Researchers developed a light-perception-based underwater digital twin hand interactive control system for high-precision posture control and human-machine interaction. The system achieves stable responses in turbid water conditions and recognizes six common gestures with a recognition accuracy of 99.2%.
A compression-decompression framework enables universal acceleration of photonic neuromorphic computing, achieving substantial speed improvements without compromising accuracy. The framework projects input data into a low-dimensional subspace through eigenvector analysis, reducing data volume while preserving critical features.
A polarization-encoded trichannel metalens performs parallel bright-field imaging and multi-order edge detection in a compact meta-optical platform. The device integrates three optical operators into three polarization-defined channels, achieving stable imaging performance over a wide field of view.
Researchers have developed a novel monitoring system using fiber-optic sensing to detect cardiopulmonary signals during sleep, enabling accurate and early detection of CRD. The system, integrated into a conventional pillow, captures subtle pressure variations and converts them into quantifiable optical signals.
Researchers have detailed a molecular circuit where two plant hormones, ethylene and abscisic acid (ABA), promote each other's production to drive persimmon fruit softening. The discovery provides new targets for interventions aiming to extend shelf life and reduce postharvest losses.
Researchers have discovered that plant hormone auxin regulates organ formation by oppositely affecting gibberellin activity, creating a two-step communication system between the two hormones. This mechanism allows plants to carefully alternate between growth and expansion, enabling them to build complex organs with remarkable precision.
Researchers develop a cavity-assisted nonlocal metasurface for broadband, high-efficiency optical vortex generation. The device combines a silicon photonic crystal slab, a silicon dioxide spacer, and a gold mirror to form a Fabry–Pérot cavity.
A new study has identified a hormone-linked switch in tea plants that helps them withstand cold temperatures. The BRI1-EMS-Suppressor 1 (BES1) family transcription factor CsBES1-14 directly activates the cold-regulated protein CsCOR413, strengthening membrane stability and antioxidant capacity.
A new device integrates SnS2 into a silicon microring resonator for dual-functional optical modulation and photodetection. The device achieves high modulation depth and responsivity, enabling efficient photodetection in the 1550 nm infrared band.
Scientists found that inherited genes interact with acquired mutations to shape tumor evolution, influencing cancer risk and treatment responses. The study suggests a personalized approach to cancer prevention and screening strategies may be necessary.
A KAIST research team developed a next-generation world model that learns executable theories from observation alone. The Neural Theorizer (NEO) model discovers reusable primitives and composes them into executable programs to explain new situations.
A study found that 81% of toddler foods were classified as ultra-processed, with 49% failing to meet at least one nutrient standard. The majority exceeded recommended sugar and calorie levels, highlighting the need for warning labels on high-risk products.
A new study suggests that unsweetened sparkling water may lower the risk of enamel erosion more effectively than sugar-sweetened soda. Researchers found that saliva quickly restored the mouth's acidity to normal after consumption, regardless of beverage type.
A small clinical trial found that time-restricted eating improved spatial planning and problem-solving skills, reducing errors related to memory and learning. After six months, participants who limited their daily eating window showed significant cognitive improvements compared to those maintaining a standard eating window.
A study proposes an operational framework combining machine learning models with Sentinel-2 data to estimate agricultural drought conditions in irrigated and non-irrigated maize fields. Deep Neural Network (DNN) achieved the best performance, showing higher prediction accuracy and lower error metrics for non-irrigated fields.
Researchers developed a data-driven framework to identify optimal scale-up patterns for modular CO₂ reduction reactors. The study found that different performance objectives require distinct architectural hierarchies, with total annual cost influenced by substrate-level features and CO₂ conversion dictated at the stack level.
A study by Peking University First Hospital and collaborators found that a specialty AI knowledge base can aid in standardized learning tasks for venous thromboembolism (VTE) education. The tool reduced the burden of searching and integrating information, allowing learners to focus on clinical reasoning.
A new study reveals ZRSR1's role in restraining hepatic lipogenesis by controlling the LXR-SREBP1c pathway. In mice with high-fat diet-induced obesity and steatosis, ZRSR1 overexpression reduced liver triglyceride accumulation and insulin resistance.
Researchers developed a hierarchical porous carbon cathode with a unique dual-ion relay storage mechanism, overcoming kinetic and capacity mismatches. The material exhibited high specific capacity, excellent rate capability, and outstanding cycling stability.
Researchers developed a method to quantify and mitigate thermal interference in electrical capacitance tomography (ECT) measurements. The results showed that room-temperature calibration can be applied at high temperatures without compromising reconstruction integrity. Increasing wall thickness significantly amplifies measurement error...
Researchers developed Ce-doped BiOI catalysts for efficient CO₂ conversion to cyclic carbonates, overcoming limitations of conventional homogeneous catalytic systems. The proposed mechanism involves oxygen vacancy-mediated Lewis acid-base pairs, facilitating epoxide adsorption and reducing the energy barrier for epoxy ring-opening.
Researchers from Kogakuin University and IIT (ISM) Dhanbad collaborate to develop advanced glass-ceramic materials for energy storage and conversion. The joint effort aims to deepen understanding of Narpsio-V materials' structure-property relationships and optimize their performance.
A research team at KAIST has uncovered the molecular mechanism by which amino acid signals activate cell growth signaling. The findings suggest a potential basis for next-generation anticancer therapies that target abnormal growth signaling in tumor cells.
A new study found that four AI-powered photo-based calorie-tracking apps underestimated the calories and fat content of meals by about a third. The researchers used standardized photos of 102 meals prepared in a controlled metabolic kitchen to evaluate the apps' accuracy.
A recent analysis of prebiotic sodas found that they often contain relatively little prebiotic fiber content and more sugar than marketing claims suggest. Many products include nutrition and functional claims that may be misleading, creating a 'health halo' among consumers.
A new study of teens around age 18 found that consuming breakfast increased their overall intake of important nutrients such as fiber, iron, zinc, and choline. Additionally, eating breakfast reduced the intake of high-fat and high-sugar foods throughout the day.
A large study of over 65,000 postmenopausal women found that a higher adherence to the Planetary Health Diet was associated with a 28% lower risk of cardiovascular disease. Women who followed the diet more closely had a decreased risk of heart failure and stroke compared to those in the lowest-adherence group.
A study found that FDA-issued sodium reduction targets had minimal impact on the amount of sodium in new packaged foods, with some categories even increasing sodium levels. Researchers argue that stronger accountability mechanisms are needed to effectively reduce population sodium consumption and related health issues.
UC San Diego engineers created a smart ring that continuously monitors up to four different chemical biomarkers from finger sweat. The ring provides real-time health insights into individuals with diabetes management and nutrition tracking, closely matching commercial glucose and ketone readings.
A decade-long study found substantial regional variation in lithium exposure and established urinary lithium as a reliable measure of long-term environmental exposure. Household drinking water was linked to stable urinary lithium levels over 15 years, with most samples exceeding health-based screening levels.
Researchers at UW-Madison have found a novel strategy for designing reactions that can access previously inaccessible molecule couplings. This new approach allows for the creation of strong reductants and aggressive sources of electrons, facilitating electron transfer selectivity and opening up new possibilities for synthetic chemistry.
Researchers found that CRISPR-Cas systems regulate the expression of innate immunity genes to defend against bacteriophages. This layered regulatory hierarchy provides a layer of protection, making it challenging for phages to evade the defense mechanisms.
A new global database has been developed to map pathogens and antibiotic resistance risks in coastal waters, providing a practical tool for assessing biological risks. The Coastal Water Pathogen Database integrates shotgun metagenomic sequencing data from six coastal regions across three continents.
Biochar's performance in soil depends on its feedstock, production conditions, interactions with microorganisms, and aging processes. Practical measurements are needed to assess its functionality.
Single-molecule localization microscopy is vulnerable to thermal drift, mechanical vibrations, and optical fluctuations. Established drift correction methods are categorized and hybrid strategies combining multiple techniques are discussed.
Researchers are studying foul-smelling substances to understand what attracts the New World screwworm, a flesh-eating parasite, to its favorite meal - open wounds. The goal is to develop better lures for trapping this serious threat to the livestock industry.
Researchers found that single-atom Cu and adjacent Ti sites play distinct roles in CO2 photoreduction. Single-atom Cu sites promote CO2 adsorption and activation at adjacent Ti sites through H2O adsorption and electron injection.
Researchers at Texas A&M University discovered that a key pigmentation gene evolved rapidly in chickens, revealing an unexpected pattern of genetic evolution. This process allowed for the creation of a wide range of feather colors and patterns through the combination of multiple mutations within the same gene.
A research team led by Iowa State University's Raquel Espin Palazon identified two essential components — a pervasive protein and a crucial cellular signaling pathway — needed to make some types of blood cells. Adding these components to leukemia cells could potentially lead to new treatment options.
Researchers at the University of Illinois have developed a highly tunable electro-optic isolator for signal routing in photonic integrated circuits. The device exhibits extremely low loss and high propagation contrast, making it comparable to commercial off-chip magnetic isolators.
A new study found consistent summertime peaks in both mass shootings and suicide deaths in the US, indicating a possible link between the two. The researchers observed seasonal fluctuations in these forms of violence, raising the possibility that mass shootings may share risk pathways with suicidal behavior.
Researchers have identified a specific location where DNA begins opening inside living yeast cells, marking the start of DNA replication. The study revealed a molecular gate that helps prepare DNA for copying and coordinates multiple stages within a compact area of the genome.
A temporally plastic photonic processor enables real-time adaptation in environments with changing inputs. The device achieves high single-pass precision and shows improved accuracy in tasks like matrix inversion and sequential decision-making compared to traditional electronic processors.
A new study published in The Journal of Nuclear Medicine has found that dual-energy SPECT may enable faster monitoring of PSMA therapy, reducing imaging time from 18 minutes to 9 minutes. Another study showed a prognostic model using PSMA PET can predict outcomes after therapy, including overall survival and PSA progression-free survival.
Researchers from the Universities of Amsterdam and New South Wales have discovered ytterbium ions can remain in previously unexplored metastable states for surprisingly long times, up to 30 seconds. The findings may improve the detection of quantum bits (qubits) and their generalized analogues in ytterbium ions.
The Office of Naval Research has released a new Science and Technology Strategy to address complex challenges facing the Department of the Navy and broader Department of War. The strategy emphasizes the need for disciplined choices and prioritization in research and delivery.
Researchers at the University of Chicago report a promising new strategy using BifidoSumIL-2, an engineered bacterial strain, to deliver an immune-stimulating therapy directly into pancreatic tumors. The treatment selectively activates cancer-fighting T cells and slows tumor growth, even when combined with chemotherapy or radiotherapy.
Researchers found that high brain metabolism is associated with longer overall survival, and it's an independent prognostic factor for overall survival. Brain metabolism measured by ¹⁸F-FDG PET/CT provides valuable insight into patient outcomes and may help identify patients most likely to benefit from early supportive care.
Researchers at Washington University in St. Louis discover 'condenzymes,' inherent catalytic activities of biomolecular condensates, which contribute to biochemical functions in cells. The study shows that condensates can catalyze reactions such as esterolysis and hydrolysis, challenging the idea that they are merely bystanders in cells.
Researchers developed an elastic bevel thermal lamination method that removes interlayer impurities, producing clean interfaces and high-performance 2D device arrays. The method significantly reduces bubbles and wrinkles while maintaining structural integrity.
A new study from Stockholm University found that the most severe droughts in the ancient Eastern Mediterranean arose when multiple natural climate cycles coincided. This helped explain why the drought associated with the Late Bronze Age collapse were so severe, pushing societies beyond a critical hydroclimatic threshold.
Scientists have identified unusual cell behavior and an overactive immune response in mothers and babies with preeclampsia, providing new therapeutic targets for the condition. The study found that stressed placental cells, poorly functioning blood vessels, and stress molecules released by the placenta contribute to the condition.
Research reveals that patients' inherited genetic variants can impact the benefits and toxicity of CAR-T cell therapy for blood cancers. Variants in genes such as STXBP2, ADAMTSL3, and PTPN22 were found to correlate with treatment-related toxicity or enhanced therapeutic activity.
Brown tree snakes have more genetic diversity than initially thought, thanks to advanced sequencing technology that revealed thousands of structural variants. This unexpected diversity may help explain how the invasive species thrived despite a severe genetic bottleneck.
The UBR4-KCMF1-Calmodulin (UKC) complex is a stress-responsive machinery that regulates protein degradation and stress signaling. It employs UBE2A as its E2 enzyme and requires substrates with pre-attached ubiquitin moieties for efficient modification.
The discovery of altermagnetism reveals a new symmetry class of matter and has profound implications for quantum materials, condensed matter physics, and future information technologies. Researchers established that nature hosts a third elementary form of collinear magnetism.
A team of researchers at Harvard and Max Planck Institute have developed three new functional components for photonic microchips using an inverse design algorithm. The compact designs are about 500 times smaller than conventional designs and offer a path toward higher-performance integrated light technologies.
A study found that antibodies generated by vaccination against Zaire ebolavirus can neutralize the current Bundibugyo ebolavirus variant, suggesting possible cross-protection. However, further studies are required to confirm clinical benefit during the ongoing outbreak.
Designing T-cell engagers aims to optimize activity and toxicity through molecular engineering, dosing regimens, and patient selection. Strategies include spatiotemporal control of T-cell activation and tumor-selective cytotoxicity to enhance efficacy while minimizing harm.
The health tech industry is evolving with AI-powered wearables that enable real-time data interpretation, reducing centralized infrastructure demands. Pharmaceutical AI tools like NoHarm automate reviews, freeing up resources for medication errors. These innovations transform healthcare, improving care and patient outcomes.
A new study found that robot-delivered feedback can help learners recover from mistakes, but more personalized feedback was not automatically more helpful in the next moment. Personalized feedback was linked to better overall performance across the whole task, suggesting a trade-off between detailed feedback and learning speed.
Researchers identify PnMYB38 as a molecular switch linking plant hormone signals to saponin biosynthesis in Sanchi ginseng. The discovery opens the door to precision breeding and metabolic engineering strategies to boost medicinal quality.
Researchers at NYU Abu Dhabi have discovered that the malaria parasite relies on linoleic acid-containing blood fats to support its growth. This finding challenges scientists' understanding of how the parasite survives inside the human body, revealing a previously unknown vulnerability that could be targeted by future drugs.
The Journal of Nutrition reviews updated protein guidance, highlighting strengths and limitations in the evidence. The authors emphasize the need for further research to better understand protein needs across populations.
A study used digital senses to identify unique flavor fingerprints of five Minnan oolong tea varieties. The research combined electronic nose and tongue technologies with high-resolution metabolomics to distinguish the cultivars, offering an objective tool for varietal authentication and quality assessment.
Greater Japanese horseshoe bats align their echolocation call frequencies within a colony to reduce interference and enhance sensory perception. By converging on shared frequencies, the bats create a 'silent spectral window' allowing for reliable detection of prey signals.