Brightsurf delivers daily science news discoveries, articles, and the latest scientific breakthroughs. Your trusted source for science news today, covering nature news, science & technology, and scientific discoveries from leading research institutions worldwide.
The 46th COSPAR Scientific Assembly addressed the challenge of preserving dark and quiet skies for astronomical observations and satellite technology. The session considered scientific, technical, operational, and regulatory perspectives to balance benefits with environmental and societal concerns.
The NFDI4Earth consortium facilitates access to environmental and climate data, while the DAPHNE4NFDI consortium preserves large-scale measurement datasets for long-term reuse. The NFDI-MatWerk and FAIRmat consortia develop common standards and digital tools for materials research, enabling faster and more targeted material development.
Researchers identified a recurring setup of atmospheric conditions that lead to prolonged periods of intense rainfall. The study found that existing operational weather forecasts can capture these large-scale patterns, paving the way for more accurate predictions of high-impact southwest monsoon events.
A UTHealth Houston-led team has created the most complete genetic profile of the brown rat, revealing a more complex DNA than previously understood. The assembly provides a complete genetic fingerprint and uncovers over 60 new genes, including those involved in immunity and biological processes.
Assistant Professor Haonan Ling is exploring virtual solutions to biomanufacturing for the Genesis Mission, which aims to strengthen America's energy industry and national security. The project could significantly accelerate the development and deployment of sustainable biomanufacturing for fuels and chemicals.
Astronomers observed a rare cosmic event where a massive star's shock breakout was detected without a typical gamma-ray burst. The star's characteristics matched other supernovae that produced gamma-ray bursts, but no jet was found.
A team of researchers from BrainLinks-BrainTools proposes a new model for understanding the neural processes involved in movement planning. They demonstrate how neurons in the premotor cortex communicate with both inhibitory and excitatory neurons in the primary motor cortex, enabling precise execution of planned movements.
A recent study by MSU entomologists found that urban growers' use of pollinator management practices is driven more by access to educational resources and labor than demographics. The researchers surveyed 74 urban growers and found that hard-copy books, online materials, and conversations with fellow growers were the most commonly used...
A digital treatment concept, PRO B, combines close monitoring via an app with on-demand in-person care to alleviate fatigue and improve daily life for patients with metastatic breast cancer. The approach has been shown to reduce exhaustion, improve physical functioning, and decrease hospital visits.
A Montana State University team found that severe snow droughts are four times less frequent in the western US during the preindustrial era compared to today. The study used computer models and historical data to simulate winters under two different climates, revealing a significant difference in drought frequency.
New research finds that investment opportunities, financial constraints, and operating profiles are key drivers of company tax rates. Factors such as CEO management styles also play a significant role in determining effective tax rates.
A new study by UC Santa Cruz researchers uses paleogenomics to create a genetic roadmap for the restoration of the continent's largest land mammal. The findings reveal that North American bison differ in their overall size, body shape, and coat due to adaptations to distinct regional habitats.
Scientists created a platform that pinpoints genetic triggers for microbes to produce new chemicals and materials. The method enables rapid, precise reprogramming of bacteria as biotechnology tools, supporting the domestic production of valuable products.
A study by CU Anschutz researchers found that nearly 40% of Colorado's 46 county jails lacked publicly available opioid treatment policies, hindering the implementation of life-saving treatments. The lack of transparency and comprehensive policies poses significant barriers to care for incarcerated people with opioid use disorder.
A new study explains how ants synchronize their movements using a mathematical model, revealing that a single active ant can trigger a rapid chain reaction through the colony. The research suggests that individual workers play a crucial role in coordinating collective behavior, operating at high speeds to transmit information efficiently.
Researchers have found a new compound that promotes joint health and reduces inflammation-related genes in a model of osteoarthritis. The drug, M04, has shown promise as an innovative OA therapy by slowing down the disease process, giving people more years of pain-free living.
Researchers at Ohio State University have developed a process for converting carbon dioxide and industrial waste into green hydrogen, producing valuable mineral products. The technology reduces energy requirements and creates negative emissions, paving the way for widespread adoption and economic benefits.
Research found that six gratitude interventions had a greater impact than three control measures, with greatest effect from social connection-based practice. Gratitude interventions led to improvements in psychological states linked to human flourishing, including positive affect, feelings of social reciprocity, and life satisfaction.
Scientists are working to provide geodiversity data to researchers, helping close the gap in understanding ecosystems. By analyzing satellite data, they can capture more than just the mean environment, revealing microclimates that support specific species.
Astronomers discovered a cosmic river of gas that tilted the outer ring of GW Orionis, causing its orbital plane to deviate from its expected orientation. This finding suggests that streamers may play a significant role in shaping planetary systems.
New study sheds light on the brain's 'searchlight' mechanism, where grid cells subtly probe the environment to guide navigation. Researchers used a low-tech method to measure rats' attention and found that grid cell sweeps follow prey, suggesting a more complex brain function than previously thought.
A low-fat vegan diet reduces dietary energy density by 30%, enabling participants to eat satisfying amounts of food while taking in fewer calories and losing weight. This approach allows for greater flexibility and sustainability in weight management, focusing on the composition of the diet rather than calorie restriction.
Researchers developed a wearable device that measures blood flow through tiny vessels beneath the skin and associates it with mental health symptoms. The study found moderate success in distinguishing between people reporting stress-related symptoms and those who did not.
A study by OIST researchers has developed a physics-based model to reproduce and predict individual ant movement. The model uses stochastic, or random, modeling to analyze video recordings of ants exploring laboratory environments, allowing for the derivation of predictions about their behavior in new environments.
A Brazilian engineer's family is diagnosed with hereditary medullary carcinoma after genetic testing reveals an inherited mutation in the RET gene. The condition was initially reactive but shifted to preventive and precision strategies, allowing for earlier interventions and improved outcomes.
A new open-source toolkit called 'egg' has been developed to simplify the process of optimizing software tools, such as compilers and synthesizers. The toolkit uses data structures known as 'equality graphs' to compare different approaches and determine the most efficient configurations.
A new study found that hypertension patients are more likely to follow doctors' recommendations for medication than make lifestyle changes. The Health Belief Model suggests that perceptions of personal risk and disease severity influence treatment intentions.
A new study reveals that Siberian permafrost regions are emitting large amounts of methane, with emissions rising by 12.0 Tg between 2010 and 2023. The increase is driven by climate change, with western Siberia experiencing warmer conditions and eastern Siberia becoming drier, leading to an accelerating growth in methane emissions.
Researchers used fossil skulls and virtual models to find that the neocortex's expansion was tied to increased visual input. The study challenges a long-held idea about how primates developed large brains.
Early humans likely consumed substantial amounts of carbohydrates, including natural sugars from fruits and honey, to fuel brain growth and development. The new review challenges the dominant idea that meat was the primary driver of brain evolution.
Researchers discovered that Candida auris uses chitin to create a 'perfect nest' on the skin, evading immune clearance. This understanding offers potential targets for preventing C. auris persistence and may help explain how it becomes deadly in vulnerable patients.
A global review of snakebite data reveals strong correlations between outdoor work, rainy seasons, and limited access to healthcare education. Targeted policies can reduce snakebite risk through workplace safety, rural development, and health education initiatives.
New study finds replacing functioning gasoline vehicles with EVs reduces lifetime greenhouse gas emissions. Even a relatively new vehicle's scrappage and replacement with an EV can deliver substantial climate benefits.
A team of researchers has successfully designed complete, functional bacteriophage genomes using AI, which could enable the creation of more durable phage-based therapies. The study also highlights important biosafety and biosecurity concerns that must be addressed to prevent potential harm.
A four-million-year study modelled the glucose needs of humans and their ancestors, finding natural sugars supplied energy for growing brains before cooking made starch-rich foods easier to digest. The research suggests earliest hominins were highly reliant on carbohydrate-rich foods, particularly fruit.
A new study reveals that snail mucus's mechanical properties are fine-tuned by collagen and calcium for different tasks. The research found that collagen VI is the primary structural component, while differences in collagen content and amorphous calcium carbonate determine unique properties.
Research from University of California - Santa Cruz shows battery electric cars produce less carbon emissions than internal combustion engines. Replacing a functional gas-powered vehicle with an EV leads to significant emission reduction benefits, making it the right choice for environmentally conscious consumers.
Researchers used earthquake-monitoring equipment to study hurricanes, revealing key details about storm evolution and intensification. Seismometers detected ground movements, while infrasound microphones monitored atmospheric pressure, providing valuable information on hurricane conditions.
Methane emissions from Siberia have more than doubled over the past decade due to rapid warming and increasing wildfires. The study highlights a sharp rise in potent greenhouse gas emissions driven by Arctic warming, posing significant challenges to meet global climate goals.
Researchers discovered that moth flies use a different genetic pathway than fruit flies to establish the head-to-tail axis. The odd-paired gene ensures correct body segment formation, but its expression is earlier and localized to the egg's prospective head region in moth flies.
A recent study by researchers at Nagoya University found that low-frequency noise below 100 Hz can cause blood vessel damage to kidneys in mice. The study suggests that the frequency of noise matters more than its loudness, with high-frequency noise having no effect on kidney function.
The Altmetric MCP brings real-world engagement data into AI workflows, capturing broader research impact beyond citation counts. This enables medical affairs teams and researchers to demonstrate the value of their work across societal platforms.
A new study investigates the efficacy of stem cell injections for treating knee osteoarthritis, finding that MSC potency can be predicted through lab-based tests. Patients who showed improved pain and mobility scores had MSCs with enhanced anti-inflammatory effects.
A study led by Dr. Michael Harrison found that regional dips in oxygen levels serve as a signal for the coordinated growth of heart muscle and coronary vessels. The system operates as a self-limiting feedback loop, with epicardial cells detecting hypoxia to activate genes that orchestrate expansion.
Leaders in quantum science and technology will gather for the summit to explore applications of quantum physics, including data security and electronics. Researchers are also developing programs to train professionals in quantum information sciences.
Researchers examine how chronic stress, trauma, and violence shape physical health and well-being across the lifespan. The editorial highlights a special issue of 16 empirical papers synthesizing research on childhood adversity, protective factors, and biological embedding of trauma over time.
A $1 million gift from Roger Krone establishes the University's first space systems endowment and laboratory, enhancing real-world learning experiences for students. The commitment will fund scholarships, research, and experiential learning opportunities in space systems engineering.
Two-dimensional materials are enabling neuromorphic devices with remarkable performance, integration with machine learning algorithms, and applications in various fields. The review highlights record-breaking metrics across multiple architectures and establishes a clear roadmap for 2D neuromorphic systems.
Researchers at LMU discovered that mitochondria act as sensors for heme, a key component of hemoglobin. Heme deficiency triggers mitochondrial protein DELE1 to activate the HRI switch, reducing protein production.
Researchers have deciphered the role of an ion channel, TPC1, in regulating iron homeostasis, which is essential for preventing iron deficiency and overload disorders. The study demonstrates that TPC1 activity influences both iron absorption and endosomal pH levels, paving the way for new therapeutic approaches.
Researchers have developed a directly synthesized p-type PbS QD ink to overcome the bottleneck of large-area film uniformity. The approach enabled broad spectral tunability and dense, crack-free films with reduced thickness variation, leading to improved imaging performance.
Scientists identified a physical mechanism in the brain that may help explain why progress can grind to a halt: the extracellular matrix loosens and rebuilds after each practice session, gradually stopping once a skill is learned. This dynamic process affects how the brain learns and retains new skills.
Researchers elucidated how different organs use the same clock machinery to regulate unique biological processes. The study identified key transcription factors that modulate circadian function in a tissue-specific manner, providing new insights into organ-specific temporal control.
A study suggests that overconfidence persists not due to its costs but because of them, serving as a reliable signal for ability. Only the most capable individuals can afford to sustain high self-belief without severe consequences.
A University of Toronto study explores the experiences of 42 older Hungarian and Vietnamese refugees, finding that strong social connections, supportive communities, and opportunities for belonging played a crucial role in their success. The research highlights the importance of policies that strengthen community connections and suppor...
Tirzepatide has been shown to reduce the risk of heart attacks and hospitalizations due to infections in people with type 2 diabetes and obesity. The study found a relative risk reduction of about one-third, corresponding to a 36% reduced risk of infection-related hospitalization.
Researchers have produced the first complete genome assembly of the zebra finch, unveiling thousands of previously hidden genes and chromosome structures. The study resolves decades-long uncertainty over gene loss and provides insights into avian sex chromosomes and centromere architecture.
A review of cannabis and cannabinoids' therapeutic use reveals potential health benefits while emphasizing the need for risk assessment and harm reduction strategies. The study highlights the importance of evidence-based guidelines for safe and effective treatment.
Scientists at HZDR develop method to separate hydrogen isotopes, including tritium, using porous material. The technique utilizes quantum mechanical effect in silver sites, resulting in highly efficient separation with low losses.
This cross-sectional study found that melatonin use was associated with a small reduction in REM sleep percentage, but not with differences in total sleep time or other sleep stages. The study suggests that further research is needed to clarify the effects of melatonin on children's sleep.
The first complete marmoset genome is now available, providing a high-quality reference for studying complex diseases like Alzheimer's. The new genome reveals variation in genes linked to Alzheimer's disease, as well as immune system genes and previously un-catalogued ribosomal DNA genes.
A study by Stanford Medicine scientists reveals that wayward tau molecules can gum up mitochondria's internal energy-production lines, initiating a vicious cycle of pathological events. This discovery provides a new mechanism driving tauopathies and renders these disorders amenable to new therapeutic interventions.
A qualitative study investigates the experiences of out-of-state individuals who travel to receive abortion care, highlighting challenges and emotional impacts. The study aims to improve reproductive health access and reduce barriers faced by women seeking abortion services.
Researchers have reconstructed a real person's complete genome, filling critical gaps and enabling the analysis of unique genomes at higher accuracy. This breakthrough is expected to improve genetic disease diagnosis and make personalized genomics routine in medical care.
Scientists are helping to safeguard UK's rarest orchard wildlife through a three-year conservation initiative focusing on four threatened species. Innovative techniques like pheromones and DNA will be used to improve monitoring of noble chafer and red-horned cardinal click beetle populations.
Researchers from Imperial College London and Arup have developed a new approach to designing tall buildings that uses the building's own mass to reduce movement in high winds and earthquakes. The system, which separates usable floors from the central core, reduces peak accelerations by up to 71% and base moments by more than 50%.
Researchers developed a method for generating personality assessment questionnaires with ChatGPT from any source text, including the DSM-5 and an astrology textbook. The generated questionnaires showed high internal consistency within personality clusters and could predict life outcomes like depression, anxiety, and well-being at level...
Researchers found that treating women with Lactobacillus gasseri supplements or postbiotics improved fertility among those over 35. The study showed higher endometrial abundance of Lactobacillus bacteria in pregnant women, suggesting a beneficial effect on uterine health.
A new study uses mathematical biomarkers to accurately predict prostate cancer patient outcomes and survival, outperforming traditional PSA monitoring. These metrics can inform personalized treatment protocols, enabling more effective adaptive therapy.
A systematic review and meta-analysis investigated changes in mental health symptoms before and during the COVID-19 pandemic. The study found significant differences in symptom changes between sexes and genders, highlighting the need for targeted interventions.
This study investigates the link between vegan diets and dietary energy density, finding that adopting a vegan diet may lead to lower energy intake. The randomized clinical trial analyzed data from over 10,000 participants, suggesting that a well-planned vegan diet can be an effective way to reduce energy consumption.
Researchers have improved TOPCon solar cells' power conversion efficiency using a new synergistic metallization strategy. This approach enables efficient charge extraction while preserving passivation layers, resulting in high certified PCE of 26.31% and boosted short-circuit current density.
A new hypothesis proposes that women's reproductive resilience is key to understanding longevity, with menopause representing an important inflection point in the loss of reproductive resilience. This framework challenges traditional views on aging and fertility, highlighting the importance of studying women in longevity research.
Researchers at DTU Electro have developed a method to double the usable wavelength range of ultra-low-noise supercontinuum lasers in a single fiber. This breakthrough enables stable broadband light with exceptionally low noise, benefiting medical imaging, gas sensing, and spectroscopy. The new source spans from 0.86 to 2.90 micrometers...
A randomized clinical trial found that digital patient-reported outcome (PRO) monitoring with alert-based interventions led to clinically meaningful reductions in fatigue and improved physical functioning in metastatic breast cancer patients. This study supports further evaluation of PRO monitoring in routine oncology care.
A recent study examined the impact of forestry drainage and beaver-induced flooding on boreal wetlands in southern Finland. The results show that drainage networks expanded almost quadrupled in size while beaver activity created new wetlands and restored natural hydrological processes.
A team of scientists has analyzed the activity of blazar PKS 2155-304 over a long period, finding no correlation between events in different radiation ranges. The data also failed to show the expected relationship between X-ray flares and higher-energy photon observations.
Light-field microscopy (LFM) enables snapshot volumetric acquisition, allowing for faster synchronous three-dimensional information. Recent advances have made LFM practical for high-speed neuroimaging, particularly in calcium imaging and voltage imaging.
A team in Japan has created a propellor-shaped lipid mimic molecule that forms stable 'islands' in a 'sea' of lipid, achieving phase separation and high thermal stability. This new design principle can be used to engineer domains in artificial membrane materials for various applications.
A new study published in JNCCN finds that a cost-effective education program targeting survivors and their doctors can increase screening rates for skin cancer. The study showed that practical solutions can close the gap between elevated risks and low screening rates, especially after transitioning out of specialty care.
JMIR Publications has partnered with UMass Chan Medical School to provide unlimited open access publishing in over 30 high-impact journals. The agreement eliminates individual Article Processing Fees (APF) and is supported by the Lamar Soutter Library at UMass Chan.
Scientists have demonstrated that quantum entanglement between photons can be generated directly from sunlight, opening the possibility of more energy-efficient and accessible quantum technologies. The researchers achieved an entanglement rate of about 94% similarity to a perfectly entangled state.
Researchers found that estradiol inhibits mouse THIK-1 by approximately 40%, depending on residues in the pond region of the channel. This effect has potential physiological or pathological significance for THIK-1 variants, with implications for microglia and macrophage function.
Researchers studied mice with altered VANGL1 protein to understand oocyte transport through the oviduct. Despite irregular fold alignment, cilia maintained orientation and transport was successful.
Researchers at Florida Atlantic University are developing a sustainable, AI-guided system to remove excess phosphorus from freshwater systems, preventing harmful algal blooms. The technology combines durable 3D-printed structures with AI-powered monitoring and optimization.
A Sungkyunkwan University undergrad researcher developed a new AI system named 'UAV-NAS' that accurately identifies drones while consuming very little power, improving battery efficiency by 88.7%. This technology has significant implications for real-time drone monitoring in military and industrial settings.
The new device operates in the strong light–matter coupling regime, allowing researchers to study nonlinear polariton interactions. The platform makes organic laser devices more accessible for studying polariton interactions.
A new dictionary of early Christian Latin will index the corpus of Latin Christian literature from Tertullian to Isidore, documenting its evolution and influence on vocabulary, ideas, institutions, society, law, and religion. The DFG is funding €1.4M for the project's first phase.
Researchers have developed a durable, compostable leather-like fabric from mycelium fibers. The production process is promising and could enable large-scale production of affordable, eco-friendly materials.
Kyushu University researchers create a self-healing hydrogel packaging that tracks food spoilage through color changes, extending shelf life by 12 hours. The material can also repair itself, making it more durable and reliable in practical use.
New research in Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin suggests that single people can find personal growth through solitude and non-romantic relationships. Up to 82% of singles leverage close relationships to engage in self-expanding experiences, while 18% do so alone.
Dr. Natalie Lui and her team are developing a molecular imaging agent, pan800, to identify lung cancer tumors during surgery. This technique aims to reduce complications and recurrence by enabling surgeons to achieve complete removal of tumors.
Researchers developed formulas to determine optimal subsidies for wildfire prevention efforts, finding that a certain threshold of subsidy is necessary to encourage broad participation. Early adoption by a few households can lead to widespread protection and community preparedness.
A new study found that nearly two-thirds of educational psychologists reported a backlog of over 220 EHCNAs, limiting their capacity for early intervention. The profession faces rising demand, a 40% workforce shortage, and a surge in tribunal appeals.
ASTRA-Net helps reconstruct overlooked peripheral airways, creating more complete maps for bronchoscopy procedures. The AI framework demonstrates strong performance in identifying fine peripheral airways and supports navigation to difficult-to-reach lung lesions.
A new study from San Diego Zoo Wildlife Alliance has developed a less invasive method to measure the body temperature of hatchling Mojave desert tortoises, reducing disturbance and handling stress. The handheld infrared thermal camera provides a reliable estimate of internal body temperature under various conditions.
Researchers have successfully engineered plants to produce myoglobin, an important component of animal muscle, using a gene gun to insert the genes into chloroplasts. The yield was approximately three times higher than when inserted into the nuclear genome, paving the way for plant-grown meat production.
A team of scientists at NIST identified a pervasive error in data analysis that can give misleading insights into how nanomaterials' properties depend on their size. They developed a mathematical correction to reveal the true relationship, which will help nanoscience and nanotechnology fulfill its potential.
Scientists have discovered a genetic link to back pain, finding that changes in gene activity can lead to the breakdown of spinal discs. The study suggests that phosphate handling and fat metabolism may hold promise as future drug targets.
Researchers have uncovered a key mechanism explaining how allergic inflammation in the skin can progress to a body-wide allergic response. IL-13 acts on dendritic cells, enhancing their ability to present allergens and promoting immune responses that produce antibodies.
Researchers monitored seven experienced urologists during live robot-assisted procedures, tracking physiological signs of stress. They found four signals reliably tracked surgeon-reported stress: brain activity, muscle tension, heart rate, and natural heart variability.
Researchers developed a novel platinum-cobalt intermetallic catalyst that enables high-performance fuel cells with long-lasting durability. The innovative nanostructured carbon support overcomes the challenge of balancing activity and stability, allowing for improved catalytic performance at high temperatures.
A nationwide study in Japan suggests that fully remote work and stable long-term care costs can buffer life satisfaction in shrinking small and medium-sized cities. For adults, work-life balance became more strongly associated with life satisfaction, while for older adults, caregiving support became more important.
A recent study found that night shift workers are nearly twice as likely to develop long COVID, with chronic insomnia further increasing the risk. The study, published in the Scandinavian Journal of Work, Environment and Health, highlights the importance of healthy sleep habits in preventing long COVID.
UniSpec delivers lossless LLM acceleration without retraining while adapting automatically to different hardware platforms and multilingual workloads. The framework achieves up to 2.6× faster inference than existing methods across multiple models, hardware, and languages.
A comprehensive compendium of patient-derived models paired with their original human tumors has been developed, providing powerful tools for understanding tumor biology and predicting treatment response. The resource includes rich molecular profiles that help researchers identify and understand the biological mechanisms driving indivi...
Researchers developed a multiscale framework to understand liquid transport in fibrous membranes. At the single fiber scale, fiber diameter and curvature regulate droplet nucleation, adhesion, and migration. The study also explores droplet transport mechanisms at 2D fiber network and 3D multilayer scales.
A global review found that high temperatures and heatwaves are associated with poorer mental health outcomes in children, with a 25% increase in risk during heatwaves. The study suggests targeted interventions for children and young people to mitigate the effects of climate change on their mental wellbeing.
Researchers find molybdenum carbide formation on metal oxide supports enhances reverse water gas shift activity. The study identifies ionic potential as a key descriptor for support selection, providing a practical framework for designing high-performance Mo-based RWGS catalysts.
A novel framework, CA-Mamba2, uses state-space modeling enhanced by coordinate attention to capture long-term temporal dependencies and nonlinear degradation characteristics in lithium-ion batteries. It achieves superior performance on public datasets, demonstrating strong generalization capabilities.
Researchers have developed a novel perovskite photodetector structure, combining two materials with different bandgaps to enhance current flow. The 'chocolate-chip-cookie' design allows for efficient charge transfer and photocarrier generation, enabling fast photoresponse and linear dynamic response.
Researchers at Stanford University discovered that aging brings a large influx of immune cells into the brain, upending previous assumptions about the brain's immune system. The study suggests that these immune cells may interact with the brain and contribute to its resilience against Alzheimer's disease.
Researchers have developed a 'double-punch' approach to treating brain cancer using light-activated nanoparticles that enable precise imaging during surgery and targeted phototherapy after surgery. The platform has shown promising results in mouse models, achieving 100% survival rate at 60 days.
Researchers develop a physics-data co-driven deep neural network that captures underlying physical characteristics of coupled resonant systems using coupled mode theory-generated datasets. This approach enables accurate retrieval of intrinsic resonant frequency, coupling strength, and transmission phase in complex systems.
ISM9077 boasts potent inhibition across species, excellent exposure and permeability traits, and a favorable safety profile in preclinical studies. It modulates pathological inflammation, supporting broad indication expansion into therapeutic areas like aging and neurodegenerative diseases.
A new study by UCLA researchers found that most deaths in the LA County Jail occur after a person has been in jail for several weeks. Chronic conditions such as heart disease are also a significant cause of mortality, with effective interventions available to prevent death.
A Northwestern University study found that areas with shrinking tree canopy cover experience higher mortality rates, particularly in hot neighborhoods. Protecting mature trees alongside planting new ones is crucial for reducing health risks and strengthening climate resilience.
The Barrow Neurological Institute is conducting a Phase 1/2 clinical trial investigating ibogaine as a therapeutic agent for treating traumatic brain injury (TBI). Researchers aim to enroll 40 participants and determine how effectively ibogaine addresses TBI symptoms and quality of life.
Researchers discovered that depression is associated with a specific area of the hippocampus, independent of Alzheimer's disease risk factors. The study found participants with depression had smaller volumes in the CA23DG region, which plays a crucial role in retrieving memories and distinguishing between similar experiences.
The BESIII Collaboration identified the dominant constituent of the X(2370) as a pseudoscalar glueball with spin-parity quantum numbers of 0⁻⁺. This discovery provides decisive validation of quantum chromodynamics at low energies and represents an entirely new form of matter.
Researchers found that feeding whole carcasses increased lion feeding time by almost three times and led to activity patterns mirroring those in the wild. The study also showed no increase in aggression or social instability around carcass feeding events.
Jiaqi Ma's $660,307 grant aims to develop tools for understanding how individual components of training data affect large AI systems. This project will improve the performance and reliability of widely used technologies like language models and recommendation systems.
A new Cochrane review analyzed 11 studies involving 2,524 women undergoing embryo transfer, finding no reliable evidence that preparatory techniques improve IVF success rates. The techniques examined included straightening the utero-cervical angle and removing cervical mucus before transfer.
Researchers found that people with well-controlled HIV have more fibrosis in their fat tissues, leading to insulin resistance and type 2 diabetes. The study also identified a blood marker of scarred fat, which may help predict metabolic future for individuals with HIV.
A field study in northeastern China shows that combining no-tillage management with microbial organic fertilizer can significantly increase soil organic carbon across both surface and deeper soil layers. The treatment increased soil organic carbon by up to 93.2% and maintained larger macroaggregates, which can physically enclose organi...
Researchers developed a simple visual method for tracking vapor movement inside a fixed-bed reactor, finding that internal structures can redirect vapors and improve tar production and gas quality. The design increased total tar yield and raised the light tar fraction to as much as 74.42 percent.
Adding tirzepatide to standard care reduces the risk of major cardiovascular events, such as heart attack or stroke, by 32% compared to sitagliptin. The study found significant benefits on individual MACE components and mortality from any cause.
A KAIST research team has developed a technology that reconstructs the shape, optical thickness, and position of a transparent object from a single shot. The technique uses an optical model and AI framework to analyze light intensity and overcome challenges in conventional phase imaging.
A new study warns that ambitious climate pledges may lead to a 12.8% reduction in global cropland by 2100, compromising food security. The impact could be unevenly distributed, with countries in the Global South and South America facing significant losses.
A large cohort study found that the National Early Warning Score (NEWS2) can identify patients most likely to benefit from immediate antibiotics, allowing clinicians greater confidence in treating lower-risk patients. The study analyzed nearly 100,000 adults treated for suspected infection and suggests NEWS2 may provide a more comprehe...
Researchers developed GridFusionX, an AI tool that improves forecasts of electricity demand and renewable energy generation. The system reduces uncertainty in predictions, allowing grid operators to plan reserves more efficiently and respond proactively to sudden changes.
Researchers have gained a deeper understanding of how autophagy and ferroptosis interact to disrupt cellular balance and contribute to the development of complications. This knowledge positions these processes as central components in the evolving landscape of diabetes care, offering a more integrated view of disease and recovery.
The enzyme HMGCR plays a central role in cholesterol biosynthesis, supporting tumor growth by enhancing cell proliferation and enabling metastasis. Inhibiting its activity can disrupt the supply of cholesterol and related molecules that tumors rely on, leading to reduced tumor growth and increased sensitivity to treatment.
Researchers at UCLA Health Jonsson Comprehensive Cancer Center are developing drug-based strategies to enhance cancer immunotherapy for melanoma and potentially other cancers. They identified two promising compounds that could strengthen T cell interaction with cancer cells or make tumor cells more susceptible to destruction by T cells.
A new study by NYU researchers found that firearm carrying is strongly linked to an increased risk of suicide among high school students. The study revealed that adolescents who carried a firearm were nearly four times as likely to have attempted suicide within the prior 12 months.
The ALARA+ Coalition has released a suite of resources to help hospital leadership and decisionmakers implement enhanced radiation and occupational safety guidelines for clinicians and staff working in fluoroscopy laboratories. The new toolkits provide practical steps to protect cath lab team members from both occupational radiation ex...
A study found that pumas change deer behavior, reducing the likelihood of deer-vehicle collisions by 67%. Deer alter their use of space and time where pumas are present, overlapping less with roads.
Researchers have made a groundbreaking discovery in solar physics by visualizing tiny plasma vortices on the Sun's surface. These vortices are changing our understanding of the Sun and its magnetic field, providing new perspectives on energy storage and release.
A new wearable electric-field device has been shown to slow the growth and spread of aggressive breast cancer in preclinical models. The technology uses low-intensity electric fields that interact with cancer cells in a controlled way, reducing tumor growth and increasing immune responses.
Researchers engineered a novel electrode via boron reduction, exhibiting ultra-low overpotentials and exceptional long-term stability. The Co-B bond stabilizes the electrode, suppressing metal leaching and enabling efficient water splitting.
Researchers from Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center discovered ZFP36L2, a protein that regulates stem cell renewal and repair in the gut. Colorectal cancer cells exploit this process to spread to new organs through metastasis. Disrupting ZFP36L2 may compromise cancer cells' ability to form new tumors.
Scientists at Gladstone Institutes have developed a regenerative treatment using stem cell-derived spinal interneurons to repair damaged neural networks in rats. The new cells not only survived and formed connections with the animals' own neural circuits but also improved breathing-related motor function after transplantation.
A recent study published in PLOS One found that American black bears sleep twice as much during hibernation periods compared to summer months, with only 1/3 of the time spent awake. The researchers used machine-learning analysis of data from captive bears recorded over a period of five years.
Researchers have discovered a new species of extinct amphibian, the spadefoot toad Spea labreae, from La Brea Tar Pits. The discovery highlights the impact of climate change on species distribution and provides insights into ancient environmental conditions.
Researchers found that disease prevention has reduced the incidence of heart attacks, strokes, and hip fractures, while cancer cases have increased. Improved diagnosis and treatment for cancer have led to better survival rates.
A recent study found that rewetting severely burned peatlands can dramatically reduce methane emissions, making these areas prime candidates for accelerated restoration. Severe fires alter the peat's chemical composition, reducing methane production and increasing carbon storage.
The KU-Fermilab team designs and builds two cutting-edge particle detectors for the Compact Muon Solenoid experiment at the Large Hadron Collider. The project strengthens collaboration with Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory and creates hands-on research opportunities for Kansas students.
Researchers discovered how cancer cells exploit palmitate to suppress neutrophils' anti-tumor activity, allowing tumors to survive and grow. By disrupting this process, the researchers restored neutrophil function and reduced metastatic growth in liver metastases.
Researchers have discovered novel quantum phenomena in twisted graphene, including orbital magnetism, quantum anomalous Hall effect, and unconventional superconductivity. The review highlights the flatband electronic structure of magic-angle bilayer graphene, driving complex behaviors like correlated insulators and topological states.
A cross-sectional study found that US physicians with a rural background and training experience in rural settings are more likely to practice in rural locations. The study assessed the interdependence of these factors on rural practice among US physicians.
A new open resource of cancer models has enabled researchers to create the first large-scale map of the genes that cancers rely on to survive. The biobank, developed by the Wellcome Sanger Institute and collaborators, reveals potential weak points that could be targeted with future treatments.
Researchers at Virginia Tech develop process to strip chlorine from PVC and produce synthetic lubricant-based oils. The new method converts discarded PVC into a key lubricant ingredient, offering a potential solution to two environmental challenges: recycling difficult-to-process plastics and producing valuable industrial materials.
The dynamic relationship between nerves and tumors reveals a complex tumor microenvironment that includes neural networks. Signals from the peripheral nervous system can directly influence cancer cell proliferation, metastasis, and treatment resistance.
Researchers have unveiled a transformative intrinsic enhancement strategy that redefines the performance ceiling of electrochemical deionization. The F-Cu3Pv-2 electrode leverages heteroatom doping to trigger self-adaptive dual defect formation, enhancing electron transfer, ion adsorption, and diffusion kinetics.
Researchers investigated how individuals interpret nonordinary experiences, finding that most people view them as neutral or positive. The study's findings suggest that how a person interprets an unusual experience matters more than the experience itself in determining its impact on wellbeing.
Research at AIST, Institute of Science Tokyo, and Ritsumeikan University uncovers the impact of histone acetylation site location on liquid–liquid phase separation in gene regulation. This study provides new perspectives for therapeutic development targeting aberrant gene expression.
Researchers discovered that immunosuppressed patients with non-melanoma skin cancer have macrophages that fail to communicate effectively, leading to tumor progression. The study's findings suggest that boosting the functionality of these immune cells may lead to new treatment opportunities for these patients.
Researchers at St. Jude Children's Research Hospital have found a way to reactivate the frataxin gene in Friedreich's ataxia, a neurodegenerative disease, by using a specially designed chemical adaptor. The study challenges a longstanding assumption about histone modifications and offers new insights into gene regulation.
Researchers developed a dual-enzyme cascade system for one-pot biosynthesis of salidroside, increasing efficiency and reducing costs. The optimized system achieved high titer and space-time yield, demonstrating strong commercial potential.
A research team has created a silicon-carbide-based maser that operates continuously above room temperature, enabling new applications in communication and sensing. The maser amplifies microwave radiation and has high frequency stability, making it suitable for precise magnetic field measurements.
People with eczema face a higher risk of developing shingles due to an altered skin immune response. Researchers analyzed UK database data and found that eczema severity was directly linked to increased shingles risk.
The Neandertal growth hormone receptor has been found to increase muscle mass in people today, with carriers having around 270 grams more muscle mass on average. This effect is most pronounced in individuals of South and East Asian descent.
A study of over-50s in Brazil and Europe found aging-related decline begins a decade earlier in Brazil due to social disparities. The findings highlight the impact of socioeconomic factors on healthy aging.
A new study reveals that Mindfulness-Oriented Recovery Enhancement (MORE) is highly effective in reducing opioid misuse and costs. The therapy, which combines mindfulness skills to regulate craving and pain, has been shown to provide $12 in cost savings for every dollar spent, with potential economic benefits of over $324,000 per patient.
The U.S. Disease Tracker tracks cases of measles, meningitis, and pertussis at state/substate levels with detailed visualizations, providing reliable data for public health professionals, policymakers, and researchers.
Researchers have developed a transformative silicon nanocomposite anode that overcomes longstanding barriers to practical deployment, achieving simultaneous optimization of electronic conduction, mechanical robustness, and elastic stress recovery. The anode delivers exceptional high-rate performance and outstanding cycling stability, m...
Researchers at Johns Hopkins Medicine have discovered that inhibiting sensory neurons with a nerve blocker can reduce abnormal bone growth in cartilage after childhood bone injuries, potentially improving recovery. The study found that the treatment reduced unwanted bone growth by up to 60% in mice.
A team of physicists from Boston College created a quantum nanocorral that can trap and control charged excitons, enabling precise electrical control of tiny light sources. The discovery opens up new ways to control hybrid charge, photon, and spin quantum states.
Researchers developed a universal strategy to repair quantum dot surfaces, boosting photoluminescence quantum yield and suppressing exciton quenching. Optimized QLEDs achieved record-breaking external quantum efficiency of 34.3% with nearly four times longer operational lifetime.
Researchers engineered a biochemical halo of interleukin 10 to suppress immune rejection of pancreatic beta cells, enabling implanted insulin-producing cells to control blood sugar for over 100 days. The approach could lead to a cure for Type 1 diabetes and improve outcomes for implantable therapies.
A new study challenges long-held assumptions about autism by showing that autistic people can understand others' emotions just as well as non-autistic people. Researchers found that autistic participants were similarly accurate at tracking emotional experiences and may have been slightly more accurate when understanding other autistic ...
The University of Illinois Oat Breeding Program has achieved significant gains in yield and test weight over 18 years, despite environmental challenges. The program's success highlights the importance of public breeding programs in sustaining crop improvements.
Scientists have discovered a new process that forms cloud-forming particles in the Arctic atmosphere when melting sea ice meets open ocean. This combination of marine life and sunlight releases a chemical mixture that seeds the sky with particles, increasing cloud cover and affecting global climate.
The review highlights how long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) may help bridge the critical gap in diagnosing and treating liver cancer linked to hepatitis B. LncRNAs, once overlooked molecules, are now recognized as powerful regulators of cellular activity influencing gene expression and immune responses.
A new treatment for periodontitis uses an MXene-based hydrogel that disrupts bacterial biofilms and reprograms immune cell metabolism, reversing bone resorption. The hydrogel combines electrostatic sterilization with photothermal stimulation to target periodontal bacteria.
A global analysis of butterfly range shifts found that 80% had expanded their range and 79% linked to climate change and extreme weather events. However, severe data gaps persisted in critical biodiversity hotspots like Central Africa and the Amazon Basin.
Researchers used the NSF Inouye Solar Telescope to capture high-resolution images of swirling vortices in the sun's photosphere, which are believed to be the 'engine' driving twisting magnetic field lines. This discovery could fundamentally change our understanding of solar dynamics and evolution.
Researchers discovered that newborn German cockroaches use pheromones in feces to recognize their own colony and form a kind of social bond. This behavior was found to be mediated by both innate attraction to conspecific fecal odor and learned preferences for specific odorants encountered during coprophagy soon after they hatch.
A five-year panel study in Japan found that vaccine-related conspiracy beliefs are associated with media skepticism and distrust of institutions. Common forms of conspiracy thinking involve persistent distrust of social institutions and mainstream media.
The study introduces a high-performance NIR photodetector that optimizes interfacial energy alignment and suppresses leakage current. The optimized device achieves an ultra-low dark current density of 6.1×10−8 A cm−2, the lowest value reported for AgBiS2 CQD photodetectors so far.
A new study found that the meningococcal B (MenB) vaccine was associated with a 38% lower risk of gonorrhoea notifications in young people aged 14 to 22 years in the Northern Territory. The researchers believe the vaccine triggers an immune response to help prevent both infections.
Advances in CRISPR-Cas9 gene editing and epigenetic modification are revolutionizing disease prevention by enabling earlier detection of risk and more precise intervention at the genetic level. These technologies hold promise for preventing inherited conditions and chronic illnesses, and may ultimately lead to personalized medicine.
Individuals in psychotherapy for trauma from killing in war experienced improvements in psychosocial functioning. IOK participants showed greater improvements in work, social, and family life compared to PCT group at posttreatment.
Researchers developed an innovative vaccine strategy that uses genetically modified viruses to protect against Chikungunya and other diseases. The new approach generates antibodies without causing disease, paving the way for a robust vaccine platform with broad protective potential.
A nationwide study in Australia found that financial status impacts access to modern anti-nausea medications, driving off-label prescribing and structural health inequities. The study suggests updating medication funding structures to expand pregnancy-relevant medication approvals and subsidies.
Researchers reveal that spacecraft observations can conceal the true movement of particles in near-Earth space, challenging traditional assumptions about radiation belt dynamics. The study highlights a fundamental challenge for space scientists: different physical processes can produce similar observational evidence.
Researchers found that natural sounds, specifically biophonic ones, are associated with the highest levels of place attachment. Biophonic sounds were also perceived as more pleasant and linked to a strong sense of place attachment. The study highlights the importance of managing soundscapes near residential areas.
The Human Cancer Model Initiative released a compendium of more than 150 organoid models of 25 types of cancer, which are now available to scientists worldwide. These patient-derived organoids provide state-of-the-art research tools for accelerating discovery and developing personalized treatment strategies.
Selenoproteins, tiny proteins built with selenocysteine, play a significant role in protecting cells from damage, regulating metabolism, and guiding life-and-death decisions. They manage oxidative stress, supporting antioxidant defense systems and maintaining redox balance.
A Brazilian study found a bidirectional relationship between hypothyroidism and sleep apnea, with participants experiencing more frequent and severe OSA when diagnosed with hypothyroidism. Hormone replacement therapy improved sleep quality by an average of 49 minutes per night.
A recent study compared the clinical validity of a proposed consensus ACLF framework with an outcome-calibrated A-TANGO classification. The findings show that the consensus definition captures a smaller, liver-centered phenotype, while A-TANGO identifies a broader population with clinically meaningful mortality.
A new AI model developed by Japan Advanced Institute of Science and Technology identifies the most relevant information in videos, significantly reducing analysis time. The model achieved state-of-the-art performance while using only 15.42% of available visual features and reduced processing time per video by approximately 65%.
Researchers developed a 'beehive inspired' nano carrier that solves the recyclability issue of single-chain nano-catalysts. The system uses a dynamic Diels Alder covalent bond to anchor copper-loaded SCNP onto a glass surface, releasing catalysts into the reaction medium and then re-grafting them for recovery.
A new study published in Science Advances reveals that neuronal precursor cells divide into two independent lineages, producing distinct types of projection neurons. This challenges previous assumptions about the development of neural stem cells and sheds light on how the cerebral cortex arises.
A growing body of scientific insight is transforming how cancer treatment resistance is understood, highlighting lactylation as a key regulatory mechanism. This emerging perspective points to new opportunities for more precise and effective interventions.
Research investigates how bioactive molecules in human milk shape infant metabolism and informs formula development.
FOXO2 is a key transcription factor that coordinates pancreatic development, maintains islet cell identity, and regulates glucose homeostasis. It drives pancreatic organogenesis, guiding the formation and specialization of endocrine cells within the pancreas.
Two subspecies of wild boar in Japan, Japanese Wild Boar (JWB) and Ryukyu Wild Boar (RWB), have been found to share a common ancestral population. Genetic analysis reveals they diverged from Eastern Russian/Northern Chinese wild boars around 25,000-10,000 years ago.
A new study led by Brown University researchers found that pupil dilation signals a spike in arousal, enabling the brain to adapt to new situations and learn from unexpected information. This 'refresh' mechanism helps to reduce bias and improve learning by replacing mental context with new information.
Tumors harbor complex communities of bacteria, fungi, and viruses that influence disease progression and immune responses. These microbial populations can either promote or suppress cancer growth, underscoring their dual role in oncology.