Brightsurf delivers daily science news discoveries, articles, and the latest scientific breakthroughs. Your trusted source for science news today, covering nature news, science & technology, and scientific discoveries from leading research institutions worldwide.
The USC Leonard Davis School of Gerontology has received a $7.5 million grant to establish GeroSCORE, a national hub for discovery and collaboration on sex differences in aging. The center will conduct innovative research, develop new tools and analytical methods, and serve as a resource for early-career investigators.
Dr. Sepideh Amin-Hanjani, MD, FAANS, has been elected President-elect of the American Association of Neurological Surgeons (AANS), while Dr. Nicholas C. Bambakidis, MD, will become President-elect of the Society of Neurological Surgeons in 2027.
The inaugural Southeast Farm and Forest Land Summit will bring together farmers, industry leaders, and state agencies to address rapid land use changes and their impact on rural communities. Participants will discuss ways to improve farm profitability, preserve working farmland, and explore policy options for sustainable agriculture.
Cryogenic pellet fueling forms solid pellets of hydrogen at extremely low temperatures, enhancing plasma performance and addressing fueling challenges in next-generation fusion devices. The partnership between ORNL and Type One Energy will accelerate commercialization of fusion energy.
A study in mice found that the prefrontal cortex can block flexible thinking, but silencing this region allows for faster learning of a new strategy. This discovery may provide insights into human neurodiversity and cognitive disorders.
Researchers developed a machine learning framework that predicts microbial contamination and estimates potential public health risks from routinely measured water quality indicators. The approach, called ML-QMRA, achieved high accuracy in predicting pathogen concentrations and their associated health risks.
A new study suggests that shifting U.S. agricultural exports from animal feed to animal-derived foods could reduce global nitrogen loss by 38% and greenhouse gas emissions by 17%. The change could also increase U.S. trade revenue by $10.5 billion, while improving nutrient recycling and manure management.
Biochar's ability to retain carbon in soil is strengthened by cadmium contamination, with mechanisms including cation bridging and microbial inhibition. This unexpected interaction has implications for using biochar in contaminated agricultural soils.
A simulation study from the University of Illinois suggests that winter canola can increase overall productivity by 18% while maintaining stable greenhouse gas intensity. The diversified system also improves net ecosystem carbon balance, with benefits increasing over time.
A new blood test, ADLiB, combines genetic clues with machine learning to identify patients most likely to have lymphoma. The platform analyzes cell-free DNA and prioritizes patients who need a tissue biopsy, helping clinicians diagnose the disease more quickly.
Scientists have developed a new technique called synthetic squeezing to realize entanglement generation through dissipation, enabling the creation of steady-state entanglement over large distances. This approach holds promise as a more robust alternative to current methods of entanglement generation.
Researchers at Iowa State University have discovered a link between primary cilia and turtle sex determination, finding that these cellular structures play a role in detecting temperature changes. The study's findings could inform research into human health disorders related to primary cilia dysfunction.
The 13th Aging Research & Drug Discovery (ARDD) meeting will take place in Boston, bringing together leaders from top pharmaceutical companies and academic researchers to advance longevity science. Ruth Gimeno's presentation is part of this effort to translate fundamental discoveries into interventions improving healthspan.
The State University of New York (SUNY) has partnered with the Alan Alda Center to enhance faculty and researcher development. The partnership aims to strengthen research leadership and strategic communication skills. SUNY campuses can host on-site workshops, and faculty members can apply for the Research Leadership Academy.
Researchers found that each of three mosquito species has its own type, driven by human body chemistry, and prefers a different subset of people. This discovery could lead to novel strategies to combat vector-borne diseases.
Researchers at the Batista Lab have identified a gap in current malaria vaccines, which only target one region of the parasite. Adding short peptides to these regions can broaden the immune response and improve protection.
UCLA has received a $9 million NSF award to develop an Interactive Discovery Laboratory (iDLab), a platform that will make advanced computing and data accessible to researchers, educators, and students across several universities. iDLab aims to simplify the current complex procedure of accessing high-powered computing and data, providi...
A team of researchers has discovered that controlling morphine's effects in a specific group of neurons can prevent the formation of rewarding associations with opioids. This study challenges previous conclusions and suggests that dopamine elevation can be separated from learned drug preference.
Hyunsoo Lee, an SNU undergraduate, presents research in generative visual computing at leading conferences NeurIPS, CVPR, and ECCV. His work spans image editing, human motion, and 3D content generation, leveraging pretrained generative models to produce consistent outputs.
Aminoglycoside antibiotics can cause significant kidney damage, but medicinal plants with documented bioactive compounds may provide a safer alternative. Plants such as Aegle marmelos and Glycyrrhiza glabra offer anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and cytoprotective properties that can interrupt the cellular damage cascade.
Researchers identified and cloned a new semi-dwarfing gene, Sdd1, which modulates plant height and spike architecture through a distinct hormonal balancing mechanism. The study found that Sdd1 integrates multiple hormone signals in a complex manner, offering breeders a fresh genetic resource to fine-tune wheat architecture.
The Journal of Energy Infrastructure is publishing cutting-edge studies on energy infrastructure design, intelligent construction, and low-carbon transformation. The open access journal covers a broad spectrum of energy systems, supporting the transformation of energy infrastructure towards a safer and more sustainable future.
Researchers from China Agricultural University have discovered the crucial role of two plasma membrane hexose transporters, ZmSWEET6a and ZmSWEET6b, in regulating pollen wall development and maintaining anther redox balance. These findings shed light on how carbohydrate allocation influences reproductive success in plants.
Researchers identified C/EBPγ as a novel regulator of epithelial-mesenchymal transition and DNA double-strand break repair in lung adenocarcinoma cells. This protein promotes cancer cell plasticity, DNA repair, and therapy resistance by interacting with other proteins.
A new study presents high-resolution nitrogen isotope records from the Tarim Basin, documenting a persistent depth-dependent redox gradient across the basin. The findings support the hypothesis that stepwise shallow-ocean oxygenation modulated the multi-phase trajectory of the Cambrian Explosion.
Researchers have developed a compact, affordable fluorescence analytical device that can detect pathogens and cancer biomarkers in the home. The VPodDuo's versatility and accuracy make it a valuable piece of equipment for point-of-care applications.
A research team has discovered a fungal protein responsible for defoliation caused by Verticillium dahliae, leading to significant crop losses. The findings can contribute to the development of novel methods for controlling plant diseases through improved detection and genetic modification of resistant plants.
The panel discussed how advances in engineering are unlocking new scientific missions and driving breakthroughs. Emerging technologies, such as commercial capabilities and artificial intelligence, are reshaping the mission landscape.
A study found that tree felling caused more harm to residual trees than extraction, which harmed seedlings. Most damage was mild, but routine harvesting may weaken regeneration and future forest development. The findings suggest improved practices for sustainable timber production in Nepal's managed Sal forests.
The employment-to-population ratio for people with disabilities increased slightly to 38.3% in July 2026, up 0.8%, while the labor force participation rate rose to 42.4%. For those without disabilities, the rates also showed slight increases. This trend may be linked to the need for additional workers during the summer vacation season.
A study published in The Journal of Prevention of Alzheimer's Disease found that patients with early Alzheimer's disease are often not adhering to brain health recommendations, including exercise and healthy eating. Most patients pursue anti-amyloid antibody therapy but still fall short of optimal brain health guidelines.
A Northwestern University study found that viral reservoirs in a proxy animal model of HIV share features with immune-suppressive tumor microenvironments, suggesting that future HIV cure strategies may benefit from traditional cancer therapy approaches. By examining the broader tissue microenvironment, researchers identified shared bio...
Researchers discovered a strong link between environmental variation and thyroid hormone signaling in reef fish, enabling them to adapt to changing habitats. The study found that habitat impacts development by altering gene expression and metabolic profiles, giving animals more flexibility when their environments change.
Researchers developed a model to optimize countermeasures while considering containment costs, identifying a clear threshold for optimal control. The study found that measures become necessary only when the disease reaches a certain severity, and that vaccination campaigns can help reduce transmission rates.
A new study establishes a fundamental limit of weather prediction at 129 days under ideal conditions, where errors smaller than today's forecasts may behave. This finding offers forecasters a new perspective and a tangible target for future advancements.
Advincula, a Governor's Chair Professor at ORNL and University of Tennessee, recognized for research advancing applied chemistry and translating scientific discoveries into practical applications. His work helps strengthen American innovation and industrial competitiveness.
A comprehensive review maps twenty years of progress in green analytical chemistry, evaluating tools for measuring environmental soundness. It argues that a single tool is insufficient and calls for an integrated multi-metric approach to cover environmental, safety, and resource footprint.
A new study suggests that artificial intelligence can enhance the implementation of Medicaid work requirements by helping state agencies keep eligible individuals enrolled. AI tools can analyze existing databases to verify compliance or exemption status, reducing documentation difficulties and administrative complexities. However, huma...
The 13th ARDD meeting will bring together experts from academia, pharmaceutical companies, and investors to accelerate the development of interventions extending healthy lifespan. The conference aims to translate fundamental discoveries into practical R&D and therapeutic programs.
The 13th Aging Research & Drug Discovery (ARDD) meeting will take place in Boston from October 1-3, featuring visionary speakers like Thomas Marron of Eli Lilly. The conference aims to accelerate the translation of breakthroughs in aging research into practical R&D and therapeutic programs.
Researchers have demonstrated the potential of artificial intelligence to make future visual prostheses, like a bionic eye, more precise and predictable. By training a deep neural network to predict patterns of brain activity produced by different electrical stimulation settings, the AI-designed patterns reproduced targeted brain activ...
Researchers found that Bengalese Finches' songs follow a similar mathematical formula as human speech, with statistically coherent sequences of notes exhibiting Zipfian distribution. The study builds on previous findings in humpback whales and suggests that complex communication's fundamental building blocks can emerge across species.
Cancer cells' ability to evade the immune system is linked to changes in their surrounding environment, including nearby nutrients and conditions. Researchers discovered that altering these factors can thin the cancer cell's protective sugar coating, allowing the immune system to recognize and eliminate them.
Two studies uncover the molecular trigger of pyrin inflammasome hyperactivation, revealing CDC42 as the direct partner of pyrin. This discovery explains how Familial Mediterranean fever and related diseases are triggered, paving the way for faster and more accurate diagnosis.
Researchers have developed an electrochemical approach for diastereoselective glycosylation using glycosyl acetates. This process consumes only a catalytic quantity of charge and achieves complete substrate conversion within 10 minutes at room temperature.
A joint research team has discovered that silver nanocatalysts operate at different reaction sites depending on whether generating electricity or producing hydrogen in solid oxide cells. The study proposes a new design principle to accelerate high-efficiency green hydrogen production and clean power generation by optimizing the catalys...
Researchers used combined experiments and simulations to understand the thermal response of hexanitrostilbene (HNS) charges during programmed-heating cook-off. Increasing heating rate and charge size enhances internal thermal lag, leading to higher apparent ignition temperatures.
A new program combining mindfulness meditation and cognitive therapy substantially reduces gaming disorder symptoms and stress among college students. The research found a marked improvement in students' self-control, even after one month, demonstrating a sustained effect.
A new wearable system called ChromaSense can accurately measure blood oxygen saturation, heart rate, and respiration across a range of skin tones. It uses reflected light from skin and tissue to adjust the measurement, achieving accuracy within 1.4% of standard reference oximeters.
A feasible scheme is proposed to realize self-healing skin modes in photonic Floquet lattices via local potential at remote end. The researchers demonstrated the skin mode tunability (SMT) mechanism, which can spectrally isolate a specific skin mode and turn it into a self-healing state.
Scientists create EUV spatiotemporal skyrmions using HHG, which enables control of their topological structure and polarization-sensitive interaction with matter. This breakthrough opens new avenues for attosecond science and EUV optics.
A large study reveals that dexrazoxane significantly reduces heart damage caused by chemotherapy in pediatric cancer patients years after treatment. The findings could change how doctors follow survivors for decades and provide families with reassurance about long-term effects.
A novel ultrasensitive fluorescent voltage probe, HB mito Crimson, detects fast and localized electrical signals in mitochondria. This probe enables monitoring of near-field potential signals at the inner mitochondrial membrane interface, revealing a class of transient miniature mitochondrial electric flickers.
A new study from Adelaide University shows Barbie and Ken dolls have become more realistic, with key body proportions matching those of real adults. The findings suggest the toy industry has made progress in promoting greater body diversity.
A study found that converting rice straw into biochar can reduce copper and lead in rice grains while increasing soil health. Biochar did not significantly increase arsenic, cadmium, nickel, or zinc levels in grains.
A pioneering study will examine the role of human-dog interactions in spreading hydatid disease, a parasite that poses risks to livestock welfare and human health. The research aims to identify practical strategies to reduce zoonotic transmission by analyzing canine movement patterns and diet.
Psychedelics like psilocybin profoundly alter how we perceive and think by tipping neurons toward their apical, context-gathering side. This amplifies the relations between representations, enhancing the impression that information makes and its connections to everything else.
Researchers determined the shape of the fermium-255 nucleus with high precision, revealing it to be strongly prolate like a rugby ball. This breakthrough supports modern theoretical models and opens new possibilities for understanding heavy atomic nuclei.
A new study using the EST-Health-30 dataset found that more than 60% of Estonian adults have at least one chronic condition, with nearly half having two or more. Chronic conditions significantly impact healthcare utilization and mortality rates.
Researchers have developed a flexible optical computing system called Clavina that combines linear and nonlinear quantum operations, expanding the capabilities of quantum computers. The platform provides key building blocks for error correction and can solve graph problems, simulate quantum systems, or generate large entangled states.
A retrospective study found that pretreatment CT scans can identify patients at high risk for medication-related osteonecrosis of the jaw. Analysis of radiomics and machine learning models distinguished patients who later developed MRONJ from those unaffected.
Researchers at Boston University School of Medicine will use the grant to establish a new experimental model to study prenatal mechanisms of gyrencephalic neocortical development. This study aims to provide insights into how specific neural precursors shape the fetal cortex and has far-reaching implications for understanding neurologic...
A new study led by Ca' Foscari University of Venice introduces IceBoost v2.0, a machine-learning model that provides an updated global map of glacier ice volume. The model combines over 7 million ice-thickness measurements with physical and geometrical variables to reconstruct the ice thickness and volume of every glacier included in t...
Researchers have compiled ten fundamental mechanisms governing the development of pandemics, highlighting the importance of understanding biological, mathematical, and social factors. These mechanisms can help improve preparedness and response to future pandemics by identifying key drivers of outbreak dynamics.
Non-invasive approaches are expanding options for assessing portal hypertension, with elastography techniques and biochemical markers showing high sensitivity and specificity. AI-powered predictive models combine clinical data to improve diagnosis, but should not replace invasive HVPG, which remains the gold standard.
A new study identified a previously underappreciated relationship between SUCLA2 and USP10 that strongly correlates with distant metastasis-free survival in breast cancer patients. The interaction between these two genes changes dramatically depending on whether patients receive treatment, highlighting the importance of considering mol...
Researchers discovered PRDM16 acts as a developmental 'rheostat' guiding cardiomyocytes toward functional competence. The study reveals moderate PRDM16 overexpression promotes maturation while suppressing proliferation, offering opportunities for regenerative responses.
Researchers developed a computer model of the human cortex linking microscopic chemistry to brain-wide patterns of activity. The model found that regional differences in receptor density improve coordination between brain regions and information flow.
A mouse study found that early-life stress alters DNA packaging in brain cells, leading to a molecular memory of trauma and increased sensitivity to future stress. Boosting SETD7 levels during early development can lower tolerance for stress in adulthood.
The US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) has been working to regulate synthetic food dyes, with recent federal and state actions taking place. The regulatory landscape is being contextualized, which has implications for policy, industry, and clinical practice.
A cross-sectional study found that over one-third of high-risk therapeutic medical devices were recalled due to lack of consistent association between device characteristics, premarket evidence, and regulatory factors. Postmarket surveillance is crucial for ensuring patient safety.
A health coaching intervention combined with self-measured blood pressure monitoring increased healthcare engagement and BP control by 12 months postpartum. This strategy supports reducing long-term uncontrolled hypertension among patients with high blood pressure during pregnancy.
A cross-sectional study examines state-level type 1 diabetes burden and pediatric endocrinology resource distribution in the US. The study found that type 1 diabetes incidence has increased over time, while pediatric endocrinology resources are not evenly distributed across states.
The Lancet Diabetes and Endocrinology Commission on Obesity definition of obesity was found to have similar diagnostic accuracy as other definitions. The study compared the commission's definition with those from other reputable sources, including the World Health Organization (WHO) and the National Institutes of Health (NIH).
A qualitative study reveals multilayered health care barriers faced by Afghan refugee women in the US, including displacement-related trauma and sociocultural norms. Culturally sensitive public health interventions are needed to improve healthcare access for these women.
Dr. Amoako's evidence-driven services improve early diagnosis, expand access to treatment, and advance locally led research in Ghana. Her work aims to strengthen childhood cancer care across the country.
Recent studies examine the effectiveness of drones for prescription delivery and AI models in healthcare, raising questions about their impact on access and misinformation. Regulations around expertise and online content are also being reevaluated to address the root causes of these issues.
A cohort study found associations between perinatal factors and changes in brain maturation among adolescents. The study used conditional-longitudinal models to assess individual growth trajectories and mental health symptoms.
Participation in mandatory value-based payment programs is associated with higher hospital administrative costs, highlighting the need for policymakers to consider administrative burden when designing and evaluating payment reforms. The study suggests that these reforms may increase complexity without improving cost, quality, and access.
The landmark review provides a detailed account of Honduras' mammals, verifying 227 native species and forecasting potential discoveries. The study draws on cultural knowledge and conservation summaries to guide research priorities.
New York's Empire AI Beta has officially launched, providing world-class AI computing power to researchers across the state. The initiative has served as a model for the federal National Science Foundation's State and Regional AI Infrastructure Hubs, which aim to build out regional AI research infrastructure and shared research capacity.
Researchers have introduced topological couplers into coupled resonator optical waveguides, decoupling free spectral range and finesse to alleviate the bandwidth tradeoff. This innovation leads to a significant improvement in bandwidth, enabling applications in wavelength division multiplexing and nonlinear optical processing.
A Kanazawa University research group has created a new method to selectively break strong carbon-hydrogen bonds, leaving weaker carbon-silicon bonds intact. This technique enables the creation of complex organosilicon compounds from simple precursors, which are difficult to synthesize using conventional methods.
Researchers found that targeting the 4EBP1/HSP90β/Nrf2 axis sensitizes β-catenin-mutant hepatocellular carcinoma to mTOR inhibitors by inducing ferroptosis. The combination therapy of MLN0128 and PD901 showed the strongest effect in suppressing tumor growth.
Researchers developed a new environmentally friendly insecticide using nanoemulsions of diallyl disulfide and carvone, which showed enhanced toxicity against the adzuki bean beetle while having relatively low impact on parasitic wasps. The nanoemulsions were also safe on seeds and enhanced root growth.
Matthew Gertzog has been named the American Society of Hematology's next lead staff executive and chief executive officer, succeeding Martha Liggett after 30 years. Gertzog brings nearly 40 years of experience in nonprofit and association management to the role.
A Japan-wide study found that growth hormone therapy improves adult height in childhood stem cell transplant survivors with short stature. However, treatment responses were highly variable and influenced by transplant-related factors such as total body irradiation and chronic graft-versus-host disease.
A recent study reveals that the intense geomagnetic storm on Mother's Day in May 2024 was caused by 10 merged coronal mass eruptions from the sun. The solar outbursts created a massive magnetic cloud that collided with Earth's magnetosphere, producing the powerful storms and auroras.
Researchers developed an enriched tomato ketchup by incorporating protein extracted from algae, which retained the sweet, tangy taste and reddish appearance of traditional ketchup. The samples with 3% added algal extract contained two to three times more protein, essential amino acids, minerals, and antioxidants.
Residents agree that buying a home is harder today than for their parents, with 69% saying hard work alone is no longer sufficient. Generational differences emerge, with Gen Z prioritizing freedom and personal independence over homeownership and family.
A new study from the University of Toyama found that a 50°C difference in heating temperature significantly affects the structure and stability of ultrathin FePd films. Films heated to 150°C maintained their flat surface, while those at 200°C exhibited controlled solid-state dewetting, enabling self-organized magnetic structures.
Researchers found that exercise-induced molecular changes contribute to neuronal health, improving movement and quality of life in PD patients. Exercise types such as aerobic exercises, resistance training, balance training, and multimodal exercise were found to be helpful in reducing falls, disabilities, and improving brain function.
Penn researchers have developed a mobile microbiology laboratory allowing them to test water quality and track antimicrobial resistance in and around San Cristóbal in the Galápagos. The team identified sites of untreated wastewater contamination, including 'hot spots' of pollution around Puerto Baquerizo Moreno.
A new study finds that beef and dairy production are the dominant drivers of both carbon loss and biodiversity loss on farmland, accounting for 41% of total biodiversity damage. Targeting these areas could deliver gains for climate and nature simultaneously.
As more Americans with HIV age into Medicare eligibility, costs are expected to increase substantially. The study projects nearly 200,000 beneficiaries by 2035 and $27.3 billion in annual spending. Policy changes like the Inflation Reduction Act could save billions, while generic HIV medications may further reduce costs.
Ancient DNA from two high-coverage genomes reveals continuity with modern Japanese populations, continental ancestry, and starch adaptations in Japan. The study suggests interactions among multiple continental populations shaped Yayoi ancestry.
Researchers found that next-generation reasoning LLMs o3-mini and DeepSeek-R1 reproduced racial and gender stereotypes in generated clinical content. The models overrepresented Black populations in stereotypically associated conditions and exaggerated the majority gender, mirroring issues previously observed in GPT-4.
The discovery of Ganiopteris, a 360-million-year-old seed plant from China, provides clear evidence of the earliest-known leaf-borne ovules. This finding marks a major evolutionary milestone and sheds new light on the origin of Permian glossopterids.
Researchers found that gut cell turnover depends on nutrient quantity, not specific nutrient quality, in fruit flies. Gut cells sense satiety based on cytoplasm viscosity, not amino acid metabolism.
A new study found that 5% of hospitalized adults with firearm injuries developed bacterial infections, with the majority occurring during initial hospitalization. Patients undergoing surgeries involving the head, neck, spine, liver, or lower abdomen faced the highest risk of developing bacterial infections.
Researchers developed a programmable dynamic memtransistor that can process data at different speeds, reducing prediction errors by up to 40-fold. The technology enables accurate information processing even when input speeds vary.
A phase 3 clinical trial led by Weill Cornell Medicine shows that adding a targeted radionuclide therapy drug to backbone therapy reduces disease progression in patients with PSMA-positive metastatic prostate cancer. The treatment may delay symptom progression and improve patient outcomes.
Piezo ion channels regulate gastrointestinal motility, secretion, barrier integrity, immune responses, and cancer progression. Dysregulation of these channels is associated with various digestive diseases, including hepatocellular carcinoma, gastric cancer, and colorectal cancer.
A team of Penn State researchers has developed a synthetic enzyme mimic that can drive chemical reactions using oxygen, producing only water as waste. This breakthrough could potentially be used in sustainable industrial chemical syntheses and pharmaceutical drug development.
Researchers at Stanford University have developed an AI-powered tool called Evo 2 that can design novel phages to kill bacteria, including E. coli. The tool has already synthesized nearly 300 new phages and identified 16 exceptionally effective ones.
A new FIU study reveals that stressed-out parents are more likely to rely on screens for kids' entertainment, while fewer enforce consistent limits. Researchers recommend focusing on media quality and personalizing technology guidelines to create healthy screen habits.
Purinergic signaling plays a crucial role in osteoarthritis progression, influencing joint inflammation, cartilage degeneration, and chronic pain. Targeting specific receptor pathways offers new opportunities for targeted therapies.
The SDSS-V survey has released its twentieth public data release (DR20), providing a massive catalog of high-quality spectra of stars across the Milky Way. The dataset includes over two million total spectra, revealing temperatures, ages, and chemical compositions of stars.
T cell exhaustion plays a complex role in organ transplantation, promoting both graft tolerance and vulnerabilities to infection and malignancy. The review explores the molecular mechanisms underlying exhaustion and discusses emerging strategies to intentionally induce or modulate it as a therapeutic tool.
A growing understanding of trained immunity is reshaping how scientists view diabetes and its many complications. Factors commonly associated with diabetes can activate trained immunity pathways, promoting insulin resistance and accelerating damage throughout the body.
Researchers discovered that bacteriophages play a critical role in distributing nutrients, promoting microbial diversity, and supporting gut health by releasing vitamin B12. The study found that phage infection is necessary for B12 release, and the nutrient specifically drives growth in dependent microbes.
A study found that combining omega-3 and low-dose acetylsalicylic acid (ASA) was comparable to antibiotics in treating severe periodontitis, reducing the need for antibiotics. The treatment combination showed significant benefits, with patients experiencing a similar rate of deep pocket reduction as those receiving antibiotics.
A review of 30 years of biochar research reveals its potential to improve soil health, support crops, and mitigate climate change. Biochar can enhance soil pH, porosity, water availability, nutrient retention, root development, and microbial activity.
Blending moderate amounts of organic cleaning wastewater with coal lowers ignition temperature and reduces combustion activation energy, but excessive addition weakens overall combustion. The study suggests a practical balance between easier ignition and stable combustion can be achieved.
A new review reveals that microplastics can change the mobility, bioavailability, ecological toxicity, and food-chain transfer of heavy metals, but the direction and magnitude of these changes differ substantially among metals. Biodegradable plastics are not automatically environmentally safer in metal-contaminated soils.
Autophagy plays a central role in gastric cancer cell survival and treatment response to cisplatin. Controlling autophagy could make cancer cells more vulnerable to chemotherapy.
Rice engineers use electrical charge to control therapeutic peptide release from gelatin-based materials, enabling longer-lasting treatments. The study improves peptide retention and reduces initial burst release, offering potential for tailored release profiles in regenerative applications.
Excess body fat promotes chronic inflammation, telomere shortening, mitochondrial dysfunction, and other age-related changes, accelerating the aging process. Weight loss interventions and anti-obesity therapies may partially reverse these changes, improving metabolic function and reducing biological markers linked to aging.
A growing understanding of RNA biology reveals that N6-methyladenosine (m6A) is a key regulator of nervous system development and a potential contributor to neurological damage caused by toxic environmental exposures. Disruptions in m6A regulation have been linked to various neurodegenerative diseases, including Alzheimer's, Parkinson'...
Researchers explore ferroptosis as a promising strategy to treat prostate cancer. Ferroptosis is a distinct form of regulated cell death that occurs when there is excessive accumulation of reactive oxygen species and oxidative damage to polyunsaturated fatty acid-containing membrane lipids.
A University of Oklahoma researcher is receiving a five-year, $2 million NCI grant to investigate how pancreatic cancer uses cholesterol to survive chemotherapy. The research aims to identify new ways to treat this deadliest form of cancer by uncovering the biological processes that help tumors thrive.
Tumors expressing POU2F3, a tuft cell master regulator, represent a distinct molecular class of 'tuft cell-like' cancers. These tumors exhibit unique biological characteristics that may create new opportunities for diagnosis and targeted therapy.
Emerging evidence suggests that Fabry disease involves a complex network of biological disturbances, including oxidative stress, inflammation, and mitochondrial dysfunction. New findings highlight the importance of kidney podocyte injury, disrupted energy metabolism, and immune cell involvement in organ damage.
The Local Volume Mapper is capturing light to reveal the physics and chemistry of stellar birthplaces across vast expanses of the sky in unprecedented detail. Astronomers are analyzing specific spectral lines to map the precise temperature, density, chemical abundance, and motion of interstellar gas.
A new research perspective proposes that developmental and growth programs continue operating beyond their beneficial period, driving aging. Programmatic mechanisms of aging are supported by evidence from animal models and experimental observations.
Scientists discover PIWI proteins and piRNAs play key role in controlling stem cells' identity, repair tissues, and develop specialized cell types through epigenetic regulation. The pathway has potential as both biomarker and therapeutic target for treating diseases such as cancer, bone disorders, and neurodegenerative conditions.
Ménière’s disease is a complex inner ear disorder with diverse symptoms, influenced by genetic susceptibility, immune dysfunction, viral infection, inflammation, and ion regulation. A new review proposes the endolymphatic sac as a central site where multiple factors converge, leading to endolymphatic hydrops and disease progression.
Researchers at Dana-Farber Cancer Institute have developed a protein degrader discovery platform that identifies molecular glues that can target disease-related proteins for elimination. The team discovered the first molecular glue degrader, M12, which is metabolically activated and can degrade multiple cancer-related proteins.
The 46th COSPAR Scientific Assembly addressed the challenge of preserving dark and quiet skies for astronomical observations and satellite technology. The session considered scientific, technical, operational, and regulatory perspectives to balance benefits with environmental and societal concerns.
The NFDI4Earth consortium facilitates access to environmental and climate data, while the DAPHNE4NFDI consortium preserves large-scale measurement datasets for long-term reuse. The NFDI-MatWerk and FAIRmat consortia develop common standards and digital tools for materials research, enabling faster and more targeted material development.
Researchers identified a recurring setup of atmospheric conditions that lead to prolonged periods of intense rainfall. The study found that existing operational weather forecasts can capture these large-scale patterns, paving the way for more accurate predictions of high-impact southwest monsoon events.
A UTHealth Houston-led team has created the most complete genetic profile of the brown rat, revealing a more complex DNA than previously understood. The assembly provides a complete genetic fingerprint and uncovers over 60 new genes, including those involved in immunity and biological processes.
Assistant Professor Haonan Ling is exploring virtual solutions to biomanufacturing for the Genesis Mission, which aims to strengthen America's energy industry and national security. The project could significantly accelerate the development and deployment of sustainable biomanufacturing for fuels and chemicals.
Astronomers observed a rare cosmic event where a massive star's shock breakout was detected without a typical gamma-ray burst. The star's characteristics matched other supernovae that produced gamma-ray bursts, but no jet was found.
A team of researchers from BrainLinks-BrainTools proposes a new model for understanding the neural processes involved in movement planning. They demonstrate how neurons in the premotor cortex communicate with both inhibitory and excitatory neurons in the primary motor cortex, enabling precise execution of planned movements.
A recent study by MSU entomologists found that urban growers' use of pollinator management practices is driven more by access to educational resources and labor than demographics. The researchers surveyed 74 urban growers and found that hard-copy books, online materials, and conversations with fellow growers were the most commonly used...
A digital treatment concept, PRO B, combines close monitoring via an app with on-demand in-person care to alleviate fatigue and improve daily life for patients with metastatic breast cancer. The approach has been shown to reduce exhaustion, improve physical functioning, and decrease hospital visits.
A Montana State University team found that severe snow droughts are four times less frequent in the western US during the preindustrial era compared to today. The study used computer models and historical data to simulate winters under two different climates, revealing a significant difference in drought frequency.
New research finds that investment opportunities, financial constraints, and operating profiles are key drivers of company tax rates. Factors such as CEO management styles also play a significant role in determining effective tax rates.
A new study by UC Santa Cruz researchers uses paleogenomics to create a genetic roadmap for the restoration of the continent's largest land mammal. The findings reveal that North American bison differ in their overall size, body shape, and coat due to adaptations to distinct regional habitats.
Scientists created a platform that pinpoints genetic triggers for microbes to produce new chemicals and materials. The method enables rapid, precise reprogramming of bacteria as biotechnology tools, supporting the domestic production of valuable products.
A study by CU Anschutz researchers found that nearly 40% of Colorado's 46 county jails lacked publicly available opioid treatment policies, hindering the implementation of life-saving treatments. The lack of transparency and comprehensive policies poses significant barriers to care for incarcerated people with opioid use disorder.
A new study explains how ants synchronize their movements using a mathematical model, revealing that a single active ant can trigger a rapid chain reaction through the colony. The research suggests that individual workers play a crucial role in coordinating collective behavior, operating at high speeds to transmit information efficiently.
Researchers have found a new compound that promotes joint health and reduces inflammation-related genes in a model of osteoarthritis. The drug, M04, has shown promise as an innovative OA therapy by slowing down the disease process, giving people more years of pain-free living.
Researchers at Ohio State University have developed a process for converting carbon dioxide and industrial waste into green hydrogen, producing valuable mineral products. The technology reduces energy requirements and creates negative emissions, paving the way for widespread adoption and economic benefits.
Research found that six gratitude interventions had a greater impact than three control measures, with greatest effect from social connection-based practice. Gratitude interventions led to improvements in psychological states linked to human flourishing, including positive affect, feelings of social reciprocity, and life satisfaction.
Scientists are working to provide geodiversity data to researchers, helping close the gap in understanding ecosystems. By analyzing satellite data, they can capture more than just the mean environment, revealing microclimates that support specific species.
Astronomers discovered a cosmic river of gas that tilted the outer ring of GW Orionis, causing its orbital plane to deviate from its expected orientation. This finding suggests that streamers may play a significant role in shaping planetary systems.
New study sheds light on the brain's 'searchlight' mechanism, where grid cells subtly probe the environment to guide navigation. Researchers used a low-tech method to measure rats' attention and found that grid cell sweeps follow prey, suggesting a more complex brain function than previously thought.
A low-fat vegan diet reduces dietary energy density by 30%, enabling participants to eat satisfying amounts of food while taking in fewer calories and losing weight. This approach allows for greater flexibility and sustainability in weight management, focusing on the composition of the diet rather than calorie restriction.
Researchers developed a wearable device that measures blood flow through tiny vessels beneath the skin and associates it with mental health symptoms. The study found moderate success in distinguishing between people reporting stress-related symptoms and those who did not.
A study by OIST researchers has developed a physics-based model to reproduce and predict individual ant movement. The model uses stochastic, or random, modeling to analyze video recordings of ants exploring laboratory environments, allowing for the derivation of predictions about their behavior in new environments.
A Brazilian engineer's family is diagnosed with hereditary medullary carcinoma after genetic testing reveals an inherited mutation in the RET gene. The condition was initially reactive but shifted to preventive and precision strategies, allowing for earlier interventions and improved outcomes.
A new open-source toolkit called 'egg' has been developed to simplify the process of optimizing software tools, such as compilers and synthesizers. The toolkit uses data structures known as 'equality graphs' to compare different approaches and determine the most efficient configurations.
A new study found that hypertension patients are more likely to follow doctors' recommendations for medication than make lifestyle changes. The Health Belief Model suggests that perceptions of personal risk and disease severity influence treatment intentions.
A new study reveals that Siberian permafrost regions are emitting large amounts of methane, with emissions rising by 12.0 Tg between 2010 and 2023. The increase is driven by climate change, with western Siberia experiencing warmer conditions and eastern Siberia becoming drier, leading to an accelerating growth in methane emissions.
Researchers used fossil skulls and virtual models to find that the neocortex's expansion was tied to increased visual input. The study challenges a long-held idea about how primates developed large brains.
Early humans likely consumed substantial amounts of carbohydrates, including natural sugars from fruits and honey, to fuel brain growth and development. The new review challenges the dominant idea that meat was the primary driver of brain evolution.
Researchers discovered that Candida auris uses chitin to create a 'perfect nest' on the skin, evading immune clearance. This understanding offers potential targets for preventing C. auris persistence and may help explain how it becomes deadly in vulnerable patients.
A global review of snakebite data reveals strong correlations between outdoor work, rainy seasons, and limited access to healthcare education. Targeted policies can reduce snakebite risk through workplace safety, rural development, and health education initiatives.
New study finds replacing functioning gasoline vehicles with EVs reduces lifetime greenhouse gas emissions. Even a relatively new vehicle's scrappage and replacement with an EV can deliver substantial climate benefits.
A team of researchers has successfully designed complete, functional bacteriophage genomes using AI, which could enable the creation of more durable phage-based therapies. The study also highlights important biosafety and biosecurity concerns that must be addressed to prevent potential harm.
A four-million-year study modelled the glucose needs of humans and their ancestors, finding natural sugars supplied energy for growing brains before cooking made starch-rich foods easier to digest. The research suggests earliest hominins were highly reliant on carbohydrate-rich foods, particularly fruit.
A new study reveals that snail mucus's mechanical properties are fine-tuned by collagen and calcium for different tasks. The research found that collagen VI is the primary structural component, while differences in collagen content and amorphous calcium carbonate determine unique properties.
Research from University of California - Santa Cruz shows battery electric cars produce less carbon emissions than internal combustion engines. Replacing a functional gas-powered vehicle with an EV leads to significant emission reduction benefits, making it the right choice for environmentally conscious consumers.
Researchers used earthquake-monitoring equipment to study hurricanes, revealing key details about storm evolution and intensification. Seismometers detected ground movements, while infrasound microphones monitored atmospheric pressure, providing valuable information on hurricane conditions.
Methane emissions from Siberia have more than doubled over the past decade due to rapid warming and increasing wildfires. The study highlights a sharp rise in potent greenhouse gas emissions driven by Arctic warming, posing significant challenges to meet global climate goals.
Researchers discovered that moth flies use a different genetic pathway than fruit flies to establish the head-to-tail axis. The odd-paired gene ensures correct body segment formation, but its expression is earlier and localized to the egg's prospective head region in moth flies.
A recent study by researchers at Nagoya University found that low-frequency noise below 100 Hz can cause blood vessel damage to kidneys in mice. The study suggests that the frequency of noise matters more than its loudness, with high-frequency noise having no effect on kidney function.
The Altmetric MCP brings real-world engagement data into AI workflows, capturing broader research impact beyond citation counts. This enables medical affairs teams and researchers to demonstrate the value of their work across societal platforms.
A new study investigates the efficacy of stem cell injections for treating knee osteoarthritis, finding that MSC potency can be predicted through lab-based tests. Patients who showed improved pain and mobility scores had MSCs with enhanced anti-inflammatory effects.
A study led by Dr. Michael Harrison found that regional dips in oxygen levels serve as a signal for the coordinated growth of heart muscle and coronary vessels. The system operates as a self-limiting feedback loop, with epicardial cells detecting hypoxia to activate genes that orchestrate expansion.
Leaders in quantum science and technology will gather for the summit to explore applications of quantum physics, including data security and electronics. Researchers are also developing programs to train professionals in quantum information sciences.
Researchers examine how chronic stress, trauma, and violence shape physical health and well-being across the lifespan. The editorial highlights a special issue of 16 empirical papers synthesizing research on childhood adversity, protective factors, and biological embedding of trauma over time.
A $1 million gift from Roger Krone establishes the University's first space systems endowment and laboratory, enhancing real-world learning experiences for students. The commitment will fund scholarships, research, and experiential learning opportunities in space systems engineering.
Two-dimensional materials are enabling neuromorphic devices with remarkable performance, integration with machine learning algorithms, and applications in various fields. The review highlights record-breaking metrics across multiple architectures and establishes a clear roadmap for 2D neuromorphic systems.
Researchers at LMU discovered that mitochondria act as sensors for heme, a key component of hemoglobin. Heme deficiency triggers mitochondrial protein DELE1 to activate the HRI switch, reducing protein production.
Researchers have deciphered the role of an ion channel, TPC1, in regulating iron homeostasis, which is essential for preventing iron deficiency and overload disorders. The study demonstrates that TPC1 activity influences both iron absorption and endosomal pH levels, paving the way for new therapeutic approaches.
Researchers have developed a directly synthesized p-type PbS QD ink to overcome the bottleneck of large-area film uniformity. The approach enabled broad spectral tunability and dense, crack-free films with reduced thickness variation, leading to improved imaging performance.
Scientists identified a physical mechanism in the brain that may help explain why progress can grind to a halt: the extracellular matrix loosens and rebuilds after each practice session, gradually stopping once a skill is learned. This dynamic process affects how the brain learns and retains new skills.
Researchers elucidated how different organs use the same clock machinery to regulate unique biological processes. The study identified key transcription factors that modulate circadian function in a tissue-specific manner, providing new insights into organ-specific temporal control.
A study suggests that overconfidence persists not due to its costs but because of them, serving as a reliable signal for ability. Only the most capable individuals can afford to sustain high self-belief without severe consequences.
A University of Toronto study explores the experiences of 42 older Hungarian and Vietnamese refugees, finding that strong social connections, supportive communities, and opportunities for belonging played a crucial role in their success. The research highlights the importance of policies that strengthen community connections and suppor...
Tirzepatide has been shown to reduce the risk of heart attacks and hospitalizations due to infections in people with type 2 diabetes and obesity. The study found a relative risk reduction of about one-third, corresponding to a 36% reduced risk of infection-related hospitalization.
Researchers have produced the first complete genome assembly of the zebra finch, unveiling thousands of previously hidden genes and chromosome structures. The study resolves decades-long uncertainty over gene loss and provides insights into avian sex chromosomes and centromere architecture.
A review of cannabis and cannabinoids' therapeutic use reveals potential health benefits while emphasizing the need for risk assessment and harm reduction strategies. The study highlights the importance of evidence-based guidelines for safe and effective treatment.
Scientists at HZDR develop method to separate hydrogen isotopes, including tritium, using porous material. The technique utilizes quantum mechanical effect in silver sites, resulting in highly efficient separation with low losses.
This cross-sectional study found that melatonin use was associated with a small reduction in REM sleep percentage, but not with differences in total sleep time or other sleep stages. The study suggests that further research is needed to clarify the effects of melatonin on children's sleep.
The first complete marmoset genome is now available, providing a high-quality reference for studying complex diseases like Alzheimer's. The new genome reveals variation in genes linked to Alzheimer's disease, as well as immune system genes and previously un-catalogued ribosomal DNA genes.
A study by Stanford Medicine scientists reveals that wayward tau molecules can gum up mitochondria's internal energy-production lines, initiating a vicious cycle of pathological events. This discovery provides a new mechanism driving tauopathies and renders these disorders amenable to new therapeutic interventions.
A qualitative study investigates the experiences of out-of-state individuals who travel to receive abortion care, highlighting challenges and emotional impacts. The study aims to improve reproductive health access and reduce barriers faced by women seeking abortion services.
Researchers have reconstructed a real person's complete genome, filling critical gaps and enabling the analysis of unique genomes at higher accuracy. This breakthrough is expected to improve genetic disease diagnosis and make personalized genomics routine in medical care.
Scientists are helping to safeguard UK's rarest orchard wildlife through a three-year conservation initiative focusing on four threatened species. Innovative techniques like pheromones and DNA will be used to improve monitoring of noble chafer and red-horned cardinal click beetle populations.
Researchers from Imperial College London and Arup have developed a new approach to designing tall buildings that uses the building's own mass to reduce movement in high winds and earthquakes. The system, which separates usable floors from the central core, reduces peak accelerations by up to 71% and base moments by more than 50%.
Researchers developed a method for generating personality assessment questionnaires with ChatGPT from any source text, including the DSM-5 and an astrology textbook. The generated questionnaires showed high internal consistency within personality clusters and could predict life outcomes like depression, anxiety, and well-being at level...
Researchers found that treating women with Lactobacillus gasseri supplements or postbiotics improved fertility among those over 35. The study showed higher endometrial abundance of Lactobacillus bacteria in pregnant women, suggesting a beneficial effect on uterine health.
A new study uses mathematical biomarkers to accurately predict prostate cancer patient outcomes and survival, outperforming traditional PSA monitoring. These metrics can inform personalized treatment protocols, enabling more effective adaptive therapy.
A systematic review and meta-analysis investigated changes in mental health symptoms before and during the COVID-19 pandemic. The study found significant differences in symptom changes between sexes and genders, highlighting the need for targeted interventions.
This study investigates the link between vegan diets and dietary energy density, finding that adopting a vegan diet may lead to lower energy intake. The randomized clinical trial analyzed data from over 10,000 participants, suggesting that a well-planned vegan diet can be an effective way to reduce energy consumption.
Researchers have improved TOPCon solar cells' power conversion efficiency using a new synergistic metallization strategy. This approach enables efficient charge extraction while preserving passivation layers, resulting in high certified PCE of 26.31% and boosted short-circuit current density.