A large clinical trial found gatifloxacin to be equally effective as chloramphenicol in treating typhoid, but with fewer side effects. The new antibiotic is more affordable and only needs to be taken once a day.
The European Peer Review Guide identifies five pillars for supporting good practices of peer review, including core principles, quality assurance, process integrity, governance structure, and methodology. The guide aims to minimize variability in peer review outcomes and foster harmonization in international peer review.
Researchers at Instituto Gulbenkian de Ciencia unravel the molecular mechanism of sickle cell trait's protective effect against malaria. Sickle hemoglobin induces heme oxygenase-1, which produces carbon monoxide to protect infected hosts from cerebral malaria.
Research found a significant association between tall stature, obesity, and increased risk of venous thromboembolism (VTE) in both men and women. The study analyzed data from over 26,700 adults and found that being tall and obese may increase the risk of blood clots in deep veins by up to 5.28 times for men and 2.77 times for women.
Researchers discovered that wearing body armor fully protected mice brains from axonal nerve cell damage in critical parts of the brain. Body armor shielded mice from over 80% of axonal damage observed in the brain's visual pathways.
The California Academy of Sciences is conducting a comprehensive survey effort in the Philippines to document terrestrial and marine life forms. The expedition aims to discover new species, map their distribution, and inform conservation decisions.
Researchers developed an effective gene therapy technique using induced pluripotent stem cells to correct chronic granulomatous disease in cell culture. The corrected neutrophils produced normal levels of hydrogen peroxide, potentially offering a cure for the rare disorder.
Asteroid Scheila unexpectedly brightened with short-lived plumes after being struck by a smaller asteroid, according to data from NASA's Swift satellite and Hubble Space Telescope. The collision created a crater 1,000 feet across and ejected over 660,000 tons of dust.
The FASEB MARC Program has awarded 9 travel grants totaling $14,850 to support underrepresented minority students and postdoctorates at the Endocrine Society's annual meeting. This initiative aims to increase diversity in biomedical research.
A new screening tool has been introduced to identify subtle signs of autism in 1-year-old children during well-baby check-ups. The 5-minute checklist is designed to be adopted by pediatricians nationwide and has shown high accuracy rates, enabling early diagnosis and treatment.
A new method developed by researchers at the University of California, San Diego School of Medicine has revealed functional gene networks in a live organism. The technique allows for the prediction of gene functions and could be useful for understanding human disease.
A new study published in JAMA found that neither vitamin E nor the diabetes drug metformin successfully reduced liver enzymes in children and teens with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease. However, a biopsy of the liver showed improvement in injury pattern with vitamin E therapy in patients with severe fatty liver disease. The study high...
Researchers at Emory University are exploring the use of prairie voles to identify drugs that can enhance social learning in individuals with autism spectrum disorders. The study found that giving female voles D-cycloserine promotes pair bonding, suggesting its potential as a therapeutic tool for treating autism.
A study demonstrates that monkeys can recall and reproduce simple shapes from memory, mirroring the performance of humans using a standard recall test. This finding suggests that recollection might be an adaptive ability in primates long before humans evolved.
Researchers have found that models used to assess catastrophic changes can also predict environmental collapse. By monitoring variability in key ecosystem processes, scientists can detect early warning signs of regime shifts and potentially prevent ecological breakdowns.
A new Henry Ford Hospital study identified a successful treatment protocol for facial, tongue, and airway swelling caused by ACE inhibitors. Treatment with IV corticosteroids and antihistamines reduced swelling and prevented airway obstruction in all patients.
ScienceBuddies.org engages students in hands-on science, attracting 9.8 million unique visitors in 2010. The site offers personalized learning tools and features over 1,000 project ideas to ignite passion for learning.
A new study found that people with higher social status respond more strongly to information about others of higher status, while those with lower status respond more strongly to information about others of lower status. This effect is linked to the brain's value system and has important implications for social behavior and interactions.
Researchers Peter Cummings and Michael Simpson propose that mimicking natural processes can lead to more efficient and reliable devices. By exploiting contrarian behavior and 'noise,' scientists can develop technology that outperforms traditional methods, as seen in the humble bacterial cell's ability to withstand modern medicines.
The TRMM satellite detected massive thunderstorms and very heavy rainfall along a powerful cold front moving through the eastern United States on April 28, 2011. Tornadoes spawned by these storms caused significant loss of life, with at least 128 deaths in Alabama and 15 in Georgia.
A study found that flu vaccination in transplant patients lowers risk of organ loss and death. Vaccination is safe and effective, contradicting earlier concerns about its impact on transplanted organs.
Cedars-Sinai researchers discovered how white blood cells identify invading fungi, using the molecular receptor Dectin-1. This finding sheds light on the immune system's ability to mount a response against pathogens.
Astronomers discover densest solid planet 55 Cancri e, with a diameter 60% larger than Earth, orbiting its star every 17 hours. The planet's immense density makes it unlikely to have an atmosphere at surface temperatures of up to 2,700 degrees Celsius.
The project aims to develop a Microbial Fuel Cell-based charger that can increase access to healthcare via mobile applications in sub-Saharan Africa. The charger would cost around $1 and could charge a phone in 24 hours, making it a low-cost solution for households lacking power.
A new study found that animal personalities are reflected in their oxidative stress profiles, with timid birds experiencing higher levels of damaging oxygen toxins and weaker defenses. In contrast, curious birds had better defences against oxidative damage.
A University of Delaware doctoral student conducted a study on how racial prejudice affects perceptions of President Barack Obama's 'Americanism' and performance. The results show that white Americans who hold prejudiced views against black people are more likely to rate Obama as performing poorly in office.
The article reports on audio recordings of the Ivory-billed Woodpecker captured by Dr. Michael Collins, which match historical descriptions. The footage shows characteristics consistent with the species, including a large crest and rared-back posture.
Researchers have identified multiple molecular targets of the anti-HIV drug nelfinavir, which may explain its effectiveness as a cancer therapy. The study, published in PLOS Computational Biology, suggests that the collective effect of these weak interactions leads to the clinical efficacy of nelfinavir.
Researchers have discovered that massive ocean eddies can reach the ocean bottom at mid-ocean ridges, transporting larvae, chemicals, and heat. This phenomenon helps explain how larvae travel huge distances from one vent area to another.
Researchers have discovered a mechanism for kinetochore formation that does not rely on the traditional centromere protein CENP-A. CENP-C and CENP-T/W complexes can direct functional kinetochore assembly, enabling accurate chromosome segregation. This breakthrough has implications for generating human artificial chromosomes.
Researchers found that higher levels of perceived stress and depressive symptoms are associated with greater VEGF expression in tumor tissue, leading to shorter disease-free survival. The study suggests psychosocial interventions may have limited impact on patients with advanced cancer.
A new study reveals that adults with arthritis experience poorer health-related quality of life compared to those without the condition. The analysis found significant associations between low HRQOL, factors such as income, employment, access to care, diabetes, and physical inactivity.
Researchers found that infants' brains develop the ability to determine light and dark cycles independently of visual stimuli. The study suggests that this innate ability is a hard-wired feature of development, allowing animals to synchronize their circadian rhythms with daily changes in light exposure.
A new method for measuring biomass reveals that fish stocks are more stable than widely believed, with only 12% collapsed and 26% overexploited. The study suggests that biomass data can ground truth catch trends, revealing biases in catch data estimates.
The study found that participants lost an average of 5.5% of their body mass, reduced waist circumference by 5.15%, and increased effort capacity by 15%. The program also showed a decrease in bad cholesterol and increase in good cholesterol.
Researchers at the University of California, San Diego, developed a novel screening approach to detect Autism Syndrome Disorder (ASD) in babies at 1-year check-ups. The 'One-Year Well-Baby Check Up Approach' has shown a positive predictive value of 75% using a simple, five-minute screening technique.
Dr. Ed Wagner receives the prestigious William B. Graham Prize for his work in chronic illness management, cancer care, and patient-centered care. The prize recognizes his significant contributions to studying how best to provide healthcare.
Biologists at UC San Diego discovered that electrical oscillations are critical for the brain to store spatial memories. Grid cells in the entorhinal cortex require precise timing of electrical oscillations to function properly, suggesting a key component in memory processing.
Researchers found that melatonin improves blood lipid profiles, increases HDL cholesterol, and reduces LDL cholesterol. The study suggests that melatonin intake or administration might be a useful tool in preventing heart diseases associated with obesity.
Researchers have identified potential human molecular targets of Nelfinavir, an anti-HIV drug also effective as a cancer therapy. The study suggests that the collective effect of weak interactions with multiple protein kinases leads to clinical efficacy.
Rhesus monkeys demonstrated flexible recall of simple shapes from memory, similar to humans, and showed ability to transfer memory skill to novel shapes. This finding suggests that the ability to recollect may have been present in our common ancestor 30 million years ago.
The landmark event brought together pediatric urologists worldwide to share ideas and advance research. Key findings highlight the growing importance of pediatric urology as a global specialty.
Researchers have discovered a novel strategy by which antibiotic-resistant bacteria change their genetic make-up to evade multiple antibiotics. The study provides a clear chemical picture of a clever mechanism for antibiotic resistance that some bacteria have evolved, enabling the design of new compounds to combat superbugs.
A new study suggests that allowing adolescents to drink with adult supervision may actually increase drinking and harm, rather than teach responsible behavior. Parents should adopt clear 'no-use' policies for young teens, setting strict rules regarding alcohol use.
Researchers have developed a genetic model of premature aging disorders in zebrafish, which can be used to screen and develop compounds to treat these conditions. The model reveals that a specific gene mutation leads to accelerated aging in the fish, providing new insights into age-related diseases.
A University of Colorado School of Medicine researcher has won a $100,000 grant to investigate the cause of preeclampsia, which affects four to eight percent of pregnant women in developed countries. The goal is to find a central unifying factor behind the condition, which kills over 75,000 women and babies annually.
A recent study found that nearly 40% of virological breakthroughs in patients receiving nucleoside analogs for chronic hepatitis B were not related to antiviral drug resistance. Non-adherence to medication was identified as a common cause of reemergence.
Researchers tracked over 300 humpback whales and 2 million tons of krill in Wilhelmina Bay, revealing a critical late-season foraging ground for the endangered whales. Climate change is affecting the region, with rapid reduction of sea ice cover impacting krill survival.
Researchers at NIST have shown that two layers of graphene exhibit random patterns of alternating positive and negative charges due to substrate interactions. This discovery brings graphene closer to being used in practical electronic devices.
A new polymer-based system for imaging inflammation associated with wear debris shows promise in detecting early stages of bone loss in joint replacement implants. The system can also tether anti-inflammatory drugs to prevent further damage.
A new study found that nonperforating appendicitis and nonperforating diverticulitis share many similarities, including association with colon hygiene and low fiber intake. The study suggests that antibiotics may be a better treatment option for these conditions than surgery.
Researchers studied fruit flies adapting from sub-Saharan Africa to Europe and found that a gene called crm regulates temperature-dependent traits. The study reveals that changes in this gene may have enabled the flies to survive in colder climates.
A new study suggests that group doctor visits could be an effective way to manage Parkinson's disease, allowing patients more time with their doctors and providing education on managing the condition. The study found no difference in quality of life between those receiving usual care and those participating in group visits.
The NIST framework analyzes sustainability standards using the Zachman framework, providing a structured approach to selecting and implementing effective standards. This helps small and medium-size enterprises identify relevant standards, measure progress, and report results, ultimately boosting their sustainability efforts.
A team of scientists led by Rice University geologist Alan Levander has figured out why the Colorado Plateau is rising even as parts of its lower crust appear to be falling. The region's uplift is caused by magmatic material from the depths slowly rising to invade the lithosphere, causing layers to peel away and sink.
A team of researchers at Northwestern University has created a terahertz invisibility cloak that manipulates light to render objects invisible in the terahertz range. This design could have implications for biomedical research, security and communication.
Scientists found that brain's estimate of gravity direction biases perception of object stability, with better judgments when upright than on side. The study has implications for existing theories of human perception and suggests integrating multisensory information.
Michigan State University researchers found that scorpion venom selectively targets insect sodium channels, making it a valuable tool for developing new insecticides. The study aims to understand how insects develop resistance and create alternatives to control resistant pests.
A new study in sleep-deprived rats reveals that even when awake and active, scattered groups of neurons can briefly fall asleep, leading to declines in task performance. This phenomenon is more analogous to local lapses seen in epilepsy and may help explain impaired cognitive function in sleep-deprived individuals.
A new Berkeley Lab study forecasts China's energy use will level off, even as its population edges past 1.4 billion, due to saturation in energy demand for appliances and housing. The report also predicts significant reductions in greenhouse gas emissions through increased adoption of electric cars, nuclear power, and improved energy e...