A study published in Psychological Science found that poor adolescents living in communities with high social capital are less likely to smoke and be obese. Strong social connections can help offset the disadvantage of poverty, according to Cornell researcher Gary W. Evans.
Researchers at the University of Nottingham are exploring whether chocolate and orange consumption can slow down muscle loss and frailty in older adults. The study aims to investigate the impact of cocoa and vitamin C on blood flow to leg muscles, with potential implications for improving mobility and reducing fall-related deaths.
Researchers discovered that bright light from sports stadiums and urban street lights can boost daytime ozone levels, a key air pollutant in many areas. Cities may need to consider the unexpected effects of night-time lighting on air quality.
A new method allows for quick and comprehensive characterization of induced pluripotent stem cells (iPS) and embryonic stem cell lines, enabling high-throughput assessment of quality and differentiation efficiency. The approach yields genome-wide reference maps detailing epigenetic and gene expression landscapes.
A study found that younger immigrants (under age 15) tend to identify more with their new culture as they settle, whereas older immigrants may struggle to adapt. The researchers surveyed people who immigrated at various ages and found that those who arrived before age 15 quickly came to see themselves as part of the new culture.
Researchers at Yale University describe how Salmonella hijacks cellular mechanisms to infect millions worldwide. A novel bacterial sorting platform attracts and lines up proteins in the right sequence, allowing the bacteria to commandeer host cell functions.
The first crustacean genome has been sequenced, providing insights into the impact of environmental pollutants on freshwater ecosystems. Daphnia pulex, a tiny water flea, serves as an indicator species for detecting toxins and pollutants in the environment.
Researchers conclude that a special restricted diet should be included in the standard care for all children with ADHD. The diet, also known as the restricted elimination diet, was shown to significantly improve ADHD symptoms and oppositional defiant disorder symptoms in children aged 4-8 years.
Researchers at the University of California - Davis have developed a new approach to solar cells by constructing them from extremely small nanoparticles. The team aims to achieve an efficiency of 42-65%, surpassing the current theoretical maximum of 31%.
Scientists have found that the sand dunes in a vast area of northern Mars are changing with both sudden and gradual motions, contrary to previous assumptions. The changes were caused by seasonal carbon-dioxide ice and stronger-than-expected gusts of wind, resulting in sand avalanches and erosion.
A new study published in the Journal of General Internal Medicine found that homeless people who don't get enough to eat have a higher risk of being hospitalized. Nearly half of hungry homeless adults had been hospitalized in the preceding year.
The myVitali system enables healthcare professionals to monitor and communicate with larger numbers of people, maintaining independence and quality of life for seniors. It also reduces doctor visits and provides personalized health records.
A new study couples a complex genetic screening technique in humans with functional validation of results in flies to study human disease. The strategy has the potential to be an effective approach for understanding complex disorders, such as Alzheimer's disease.
Scientists at Georgia Institute of Technology have found a regulatory RNA called miR-429 that can induce metastatic cancer cells to convert back into less invasive forms. This discovery may allow physicians to treat ovarian cancer more effectively with traditional chemotherapy.
A systematic review found that using a generic blood pressure and heart drug, losartan, instead of branded candesartan could save the UK National Health Service (NHS) £200 million in 2011. This is based on 2009 prescribing figures for primary care alone, with potential savings even higher.
NASA utilized its TRMM satellite to gather data on the rainfall rates of Tropical Cyclone Yasi as it moved through inland Queensland. The storm dropped moderate to heavy rainfall over an area southeast of the Gulf of Carpentaria, posing flash flooding and damaging winds risks.
A paper on resident duty hour limits from Rhode Island Hospital has been recognized as the best education paper of 2010 by the Journal of the American College of Radiology. The lead author, Martha Mainiero, M.D., explains the history behind current resident duty hour requirements and proposed changes.
JILA scientists have eliminated collisions between atoms in an atomic clock by packing them closer together. This approach improves the performance of experimental atomic clocks made of thousands or tens of thousands of neutral atoms.
Researchers confirm existence of spherical magnesium-32 nucleus, contrary to predicted shell structure. The finding has implications for understanding element synthesis in stellar explosions and requires further experiments to refine predictions.
Scientists found reprogramming errors in iPS cells, including a common defect near telomeres and centromeres. These hotspots resist non-CG methylation, but CG islands are affected, potentially limiting the fate of iPS cells.
A study published in Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences found that low doses of losartan improved the effectiveness of two nanotherapeutic approaches against several types of cancer. Losartan normalized the abnormal extracellular matrix of tumors, allowing for better delivery and efficacy of therapies.
A study found that 15 out of 20 drug classes had inconsistent black box warnings, with some warnings missing from all drugs in the same class. The researchers argue for a more transparent and systematic approach to label design.
A NASA team led by University of Florida astronomers has discovered six new planets in a distant solar system resembling our own. The planets, orbiting Kepler-11, are rocky or ice-combined and have densities lower than water but higher than Earth.
A study by the University of Zaragoza found that Spain's precipitation has declined overall between March and June, reducing the length of the rainy season. The rains are heavier in October in the north west of the country.
Research found that folic acid lowers homocysteine in the blood, which should reduce heart attack risk. However, clinical trials showed no extra benefit due to high aspirin use by participants. The study suggests folic acid may still be beneficial for those not taking aspirin.
A new state scorecard reveals wide disparities in children's health care, despite federal expansion of CHIP and Medicaid. The report finds that 5.6 million additional children could gain insurance, 10.2 million more receive preventive care, if all states performed as well as top-ranked states.
Researchers at Arizona State University developed a new method to determine biomolecule structures, achieving over 3 million clear diffraction patterns with the Linac Coherent Light Source. This milestone has significant potential for discoveries in biology, medicine, clean energy, and the development of targeted cancer drugs.
Researchers have developed bioengineered veins that can be used in life-saving vascular surgeries, offering a promising solution for patients lacking suitable veins. The technology has shown promise in reducing complications and costs associated with traditional grafts used in coronary artery bypass grafting and hemodialysis.
A new study has identified a potential vaccine that targets H. pylori bacteria, which causes gastritis, ulcer disease, and gastric cancer. The vaccine was found to be more effective when delivered intranasally.
At Newcastle University, a team led by Professor Selina Stead is investigating the potential of sea cucumbers as natural cleaners on fish farms, reducing waste's impact on ocean floors. The project aims to develop organic farming methods for both sea cucumber food and eco-friendly aquaculture.
A report published in ACS' Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry found that catnip oil is 99% effective in repelling bloodsucking stable flies. The repellent action lasts for about three hours and has the potential to reduce cattle industry loses by $2 billion annually.
Researchers found that people taking bisphosphonates lived longer than those without osteoporosis and even gained an extra five years of life. The study, published in the Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism, suggests a possible link between bone health and toxic metal release.
Researchers at UC San Diego have made a breakthrough discovery that can help predict where and how quickly initial fires spread in warehouses. The study focuses on corrugated cardboard, finding that it slows the rate of fire spread due to peeling layers, making it essential for designing warehouse protection systems.
Lyme arthritis can be treated successfully with oral antibiotics, but early diagnosis is crucial to prevent joint damage. Patients who develop the condition should look for symptoms like aching joints, fever, and rash, and report them to their physician.
Researchers have discovered Largazole's potential to stimulate bone growth and repair damaged bones. The compound blocks the body's natural bone resorption process, offering new hope for treating bone diseases.
Researchers at the Jewish General Hospital and University of Calgary conducted a large-scale phase 3 trial showing Fidaxomicin significantly reduces CDI recurrence rates. The new antibiotic demonstrates improved cure rates compared to existing licensed treatment vancomycin, offering hope for patients struggling with recurrences.
Researchers use X-ray laser to determine 3D structures of proteins and capture single-shot images of viruses, paving the way for snapshots and movies of molecules and microbes in action. The technique has the potential to decipher tens of thousands of protein structures and study infectious diseases.
The 2011 Waseda University World e-Government Ranking shows Singapore at the top, followed by USA, Sweden, and other developed countries. The survey monitored e-Government development of 50 countries, with new additions such as Czech Republic and Uzbekistan.
A simple one-minute test can detect concussions in athletes, capturing impairments of eye movement, attention, and brain function. The King-Devick test has the potential to become a standard sideline test for athletes.
A gene mutation linked to schizophrenia has been identified and shows potential for treating the brain disorder with existing compounds. The mutation impacts a neuropeptide receptor VIPR2, which plays a crucial role in brain development and behavior.
Scientists at Northwestern University have developed new artificial composites inspired by nature's toughest material, nacre. The study reveals the secret to its remarkable properties and demonstrates how to replicate them in man-made materials.
Anthropologists at University of Toronto discover earliest cemetery in the Middle East, with graves containing human remains and those of a red fox. The discovery suggests that humans may have kept foxes as pets or had early attempts to tame them, but no successful domestication.
Researchers have developed a 3D model of Human 5-Lipoxygenase, the molecule responsible for creating inflammatory compounds that provoke asthma. This breakthrough could lead to more effective and targeted asthma medications with fewer side effects.
Researchers find that weak electrical fields in brain help neurons fire together, even if they're not physically connected. The findings suggest an additional form of neural communication through extracellular space.
A recent study by researchers at Rhode Island Hospital has found that the protein RIP1 plays a dual role in sepsis, promoting both cell death and survival. The study suggests that RIP1 is necessary for survival during septic injury, and its pro-survival trigger may hold key to developing new treatments for sepsis.
The Boston College bioinformatics lab has created a detailed map of genomic structural variants, a layer of DNA that distinguishes individuals. This analysis of 185 human genomes supports the 1000 Genomes Project and provides new insights into genetic selection, variations, and disease susceptibility.
New research suggests that measures of school effectiveness are partly influenced by genetic factors in students. The study found that changes in student performance over time must be explained not only by the quality of the school environment but also by genetic factors that children bring to the classroom.
Researchers found that breast cancer treatment contributes to weakened bones in middle-aged women, leading to hip fractures. Six breast cancer survivors were studied over a year, showing difficulty with daily activities despite not having osteoporosis.
New research from Karolinska Institutet shows that nitrate improves mitochondrial function in humans, consuming less oxygen and producing more ATP per molecule. This finding has significant implications for sports physiology and may also have positive effects on diseases involving mitochondrial dysfunction.
UBC food scientists have identified the Maillard reaction as the main source of antioxidants in dark roasted coffee beans. The study found that coffee beans lose 90% of their chlorogenic acid during roasting, leading to increased antioxidant activity.
A new online database has brought together documentary evidence of theatres and society in early-modern London, highlighting examples of violence, kidnapping, and rioting at theatres. The Early Modern London Theatres (EMLoT) database contains transcribed documents relating to eight theatres north of the Thames.
A new study published in Psychological Science found that poor adolescents living in communities with high social cohesiveness are less likely to smoke and have lower body mass indexes. This suggests that social capital may help mitigate the negative effects of childhood poverty on health outcomes.
Researchers at the University of Louisville developed an exercise program that improved leg strength and functional ability in patients with severe knee arthritis before knee replacement surgery. The study found significant gains in strength, but not in walking speed or other functional tasks.
A new special issue explores the interconnectedness of life on Earth through biogeochemical cycles. Key findings highlight the crucial role of microbes like chemolithotrophic microbes in transforming raw materials into biomass, supporting complex food webs.
Researchers at North Carolina State University have introduced a buffer made of argon that allows GaN devices to handle much higher voltages, reducing electrical resistance by a hundredfold.
A recent study found that people taking bisphosphonates for osteoporosis treatment live an extra five years compared to those not receiving the medication. This significant benefit is attributed to bisphosphonates' ability to reduce toxic metal release, which may contribute to improved health outcomes.
Scientists have successfully imaged an intact virus using extremely intensive and ultra-short x-ray pulses from the world's first X-ray free electron laser. This breakthrough technology enhances the possibilities of imaging individual biological molecules too small to study with conventional microscopes.
Academic Medical Centers must adjust to new healthcare reform laws and adopt accountable care models. They need integrated systems, financial risk assessment, robust health IT platforms, and a culture shift towards quality care contributions.
Researchers at NIST developed a method to produce nanoparticle clusters in controlled sizes, stable over time. The study found that larger clusters may be less toxic to human cells due to slower dissolution rates.
A study by St. Michael's Hospital found that only one in five South Asian immigrants over 50 had a recent Pap test, compared to 79% of Canadian-born women with high-income neighborhoods and primary care doctors. The low screening rates may be due to cultural factors and lack of awareness about the importance of the test.