Articles tagged with Programming Languages
Comprehensive exploration of living organisms, biological systems, and life processes across all scales from molecules to ecosystems. Encompasses cutting-edge research in biology, genetics, molecular biology, ecology, biochemistry, microbiology, botany, zoology, evolutionary biology, genomics, and biotechnology. Investigates cellular mechanisms, organism development, genetic inheritance, biodiversity conservation, metabolic processes, protein synthesis, DNA sequencing, CRISPR gene editing, stem cell research, and the fundamental principles governing all forms of life on Earth.
Comprehensive medical research, clinical studies, and healthcare sciences focused on disease prevention, diagnosis, and treatment. Encompasses clinical medicine, public health, pharmacology, epidemiology, medical specialties, disease mechanisms, therapeutic interventions, healthcare innovation, precision medicine, telemedicine, medical devices, drug development, clinical trials, patient care, mental health, nutrition science, health policy, and the application of medical science to improve human health, wellbeing, and quality of life across diverse populations.
Comprehensive investigation of human society, behavior, relationships, and social structures through systematic research and analysis. Encompasses psychology, sociology, anthropology, economics, political science, linguistics, education, demography, communications, and social research methodologies. Examines human cognition, social interactions, cultural phenomena, economic systems, political institutions, language and communication, educational processes, population dynamics, and the complex social, cultural, economic, and political forces shaping human societies, communities, and civilizations throughout history and across the contemporary world.
Fundamental study of the non-living natural world, matter, energy, and physical phenomena governing the universe. Encompasses physics, chemistry, earth sciences, atmospheric sciences, oceanography, materials science, and the investigation of physical laws, chemical reactions, geological processes, climate systems, and planetary dynamics. Explores everything from subatomic particles and quantum mechanics to planetary systems and cosmic phenomena, including energy transformations, molecular interactions, elemental properties, weather patterns, tectonic activity, and the fundamental forces and principles underlying the physical nature of reality.
Practical application of scientific knowledge and engineering principles to solve real-world problems and develop innovative technologies. Encompasses all engineering disciplines, technology development, computer science, artificial intelligence, environmental sciences, agriculture, materials applications, energy systems, and industrial innovation. Bridges theoretical research with tangible solutions for infrastructure, manufacturing, computing, communications, transportation, construction, sustainable development, and emerging technologies that advance human capabilities, improve quality of life, and address societal challenges through scientific innovation and technological progress.
Study of the practice, culture, infrastructure, and social dimensions of science itself. Addresses how science is conducted, organized, communicated, and integrated into society. Encompasses research funding mechanisms, scientific publishing systems, peer review processes, academic ethics, science policy, research institutions, scientific collaboration networks, science education, career development, research programs, scientific methods, science communication, and the sociology of scientific discovery. Examines the human, institutional, and cultural aspects of scientific enterprise, knowledge production, and the translation of research into societal benefit.
Comprehensive study of the universe beyond Earth, encompassing celestial objects, cosmic phenomena, and space exploration. Includes astronomy, astrophysics, planetary science, cosmology, space physics, astrobiology, and space technology. Investigates stars, galaxies, planets, moons, asteroids, comets, black holes, nebulae, exoplanets, dark matter, dark energy, cosmic microwave background, stellar evolution, planetary formation, space weather, solar system dynamics, the search for extraterrestrial life, and humanity's efforts to explore, understand, and unlock the mysteries of the cosmos through observation, theory, and space missions.
Comprehensive examination of tools, techniques, methodologies, and approaches used across scientific disciplines to conduct research, collect data, and analyze results. Encompasses experimental procedures, analytical methods, measurement techniques, instrumentation, imaging technologies, spectroscopic methods, laboratory protocols, observational studies, statistical analysis, computational methods, data visualization, quality control, and methodological innovations. Addresses the practical techniques and theoretical frameworks enabling scientists to investigate phenomena, test hypotheses, gather evidence, ensure reproducibility, and generate reliable knowledge through systematic, rigorous investigation across all areas of scientific inquiry.
Study of abstract structures, patterns, quantities, relationships, and logical reasoning through pure and applied mathematical disciplines. Encompasses algebra, calculus, geometry, topology, number theory, analysis, discrete mathematics, mathematical logic, set theory, probability, statistics, and computational mathematics. Investigates mathematical structures, theorems, proofs, algorithms, functions, equations, and the rigorous logical frameworks underlying quantitative reasoning. Provides the foundational language and tools for all scientific fields, enabling precise description of natural phenomena, modeling of complex systems, and the development of technologies across physics, engineering, computer science, economics, and all quantitative sciences.
Researchers found that the brain's logical reasoning network was active before learning to code, and continued to engage strongly after acquiring Python skills. This suggests that humans can repurpose cognitive areas involved in reasoning to learn computer programming.
A study at Johns Hopkins University found that students' brains activate logic areas when learning to code, even before taking a class. The researchers used fMRI to track brain activity and discovered that these neurons also fire when reading plain English descriptions of the coding programs.
The Association for Computing Machinery's global Technology Policy Council recommends six key pillars for successful government digital transformation, emphasizing reliability, security, and accessibility. The report aims to inform policymakers on how to modernize responsibly and sustainably.
Researchers aim to create automated tools to safely translate legacy C codebases into memory-safe Rust without sacrificing performance or functionality. The project, backed by DARPA, uses formal methods and AI techniques to develop accurate translations of complex C code.
The Mass Query Language (MassQL) tool empowers scientists to uncover previously unknown pollutants in massive chemical datasets. It has identified toxic compounds hidden in plain sight, including organophosphate esters and chemicals from breaking down over time.
A recent study from UTSA researchers reveals that large language models (LLMs) can pose a serious threat to programmers who use them to help write code. The study found that up to 97% of software developers incorporate generative AI into their workflow, and 30% of code written today is AI-generated.
A study explores how large language models (LLMs) can transform teaching by generating customized educational materials, assessing student progress, and providing targeted feedback. LLMs excel at automating routine tasks, reducing teachers' workload and enabling them to focus on mentoring students.
A new study by MIT researchers finds that constructed languages such as Esperanto and Klingon elicit similar responses in the brain's language-processing network, suggesting that meaning is a key feature of language. This discovery helps define some of the key properties of language and narrows down the question of what a language is.
A University of Oklahoma researcher is developing a new coding language and computing infrastructure to tackle the increasing complexity of big data. The goal is to create more efficient algorithms for processing sparse and irregular data, which are challenging to manage using traditional tools.
The Association for Computing Machinery (ACM) has named 55 Fellows for their transformative contributions to computing science and technology. The inductees represent a diverse range of fields, including cybersecurity, artificial intelligence, human-computer interaction, machine learning, and programming languages.
GenSQL integrates a tabular dataset and a generative probabilistic AI model to analyze complex tabular data. It can detect anomalies, predict outcomes, and generate synthetic data with just a few keystrokes.
Researchers developed a symbolic model checking approach to verify quantum circuits, addressing the gap between model-checking quantum programs and quantum circuits. They used Maude programming language to formally specify and verify quantum circuits, confirming their correctness and paving the way for error-free quantum computing.
Researchers from Mainz University and the University of Chile are developing a new technique called Gradual Abstract Interpretation to improve program analysis methods and detect security vulnerabilities in WebAssembly. They aim to identify and address security vulnerabilities while eliminating redundant protective measures.
The study reveals that experienced programmers exhibit brain responses similar to those of fluent readers processing sentences, indicating a strong resemblance between learning computer and natural languages. The research suggests that understanding how people learn to code can be informed by expertise in second-language learning.
Professor Sebastian Erdweg aims to automatically incrementally compute software for significant energy savings. His new project AutoInc seeks to overcome fundamental limitations of existing approaches, promising enormous improvements in efficiency.
A new open-source Python toolbox called simpleNomo has been made available, enabling the creation of nomograms directly from logistic regression coefficients. This facilitates the translation of research findings into practical use, particularly in resource-poor settings or areas without internet access.
A team of researchers from University of Missouri and University of Nebraska-Omaha are working on a three-year, $1.6 million grant to make open-source software tools more accessible and understandable to a wider range of people and tech companies. The project aims to identify what OSS projects are good to invest in for commercialization.
Shuttle Revolution, a 2.5D badminton fighting game developed by Head Empty Studios, has won the top prize in the Tranzfuser competition. The team plans to continue developing the game with paid content and explore careers as indie devs.
The JIPipe software enables automated analysis of images generated in research without requiring programming skills. Users can create flowcharts and perform automatic image analyses using artificial intelligence.
PaSh parallelizes Unix shell scripts automatically and accurately, boosting execution speeds by hundreds of times. Researchers tested the system on hundreds of scripts and found no errors, making it accessible to data scientists, biologists, engineers, and economists.
Researchers developed DAGguise, a scheme that shapes memory requests into a predefined pattern to prevent contention attacks and enable faster computation. The technique represents programs' memory access requests as a graph, where each request is stored in a node, and the edges are time dependencies between requests.
Researchers analyzed over 60 million GitHub posts to find that developers who don't use emojis are three times more likely to drop off the platform. Emoji usage patterns varied among developers, but were associated with factors like work type and time management.
Researchers found that reading computer code primarily activates the multiple demand network, which is also recruited for complex cognitive tasks such as math and problem-solving. This finding suggests that coding does not rely on language-processing centers, contrary to previous hypotheses.
Silq allows programmers to utilize quantum computers' potential better than existing languages, with more compact and faster code. The language also automatically identifies and erases unnecessary values through uncomputation, improving the reliability of quantum calculations.
Researchers investigated brain responses to imagined thirst in trained hypnosis practitioners, finding dissociation between subjective experience and dehydration stimulus. The study revealed a network of brain regions associated with both thirst and drinking behavior.
A cross-sectional survey in the US and UK found that the general public has varying levels of knowledge about COVID-19, with some misunderstanding key concepts. The study suggests that targeted education efforts could improve public understanding and adherence to prevention measures.
Researchers developed RLBox to protect browsers from buggy third-party libraries by sandboxing them, reducing the risk of attacks. The framework increases browser security and will be integrated into Firefox to shield users from vulnerabilities.
Research finds that physically attractive candidates can gain up to 11 percentage points in US House of Representatives elections and 3.8 percentage points in German Bundestag elections due to their appearance. However, competent appearance and likeability have a lesser impact on voter decisions.
A new study demonstrates that transradial surgery is safe and effective for various neuroendovascular procedures, providing faster recovery times with less procedural risk. Patients prefer this approach due to reduced complications and quicker discharge.
A study of 1 million people in 44 low- and middle-income countries found that more than two-thirds have high blood pressure without treatment. Only 30% receive proper diagnosis and treatment, highlighting the need for population-level prevention strategies.
Computer scientists and conservators collaborate to preserve software- and time-based art using traditional conservation principles. The Guggenheim Museum's CCBA initiative has successfully restored artworks like Shu Lea Cheang's Brandon and John F. Simon Jr.'s Unfolding Object.
The tool uses Bayesian modeling to automatically generate statistical models from raw data, addressing a bottleneck in the data science field. By providing a user-friendly interface, it enables nonstatisticians to uncover insights and patterns in data, making data science more accessible to those without extensive expertise.
The Pascal system uses a spacer to fill the gap between leaflets and clamp them onto the spacer, tailored for patients with complex anatomy. The procedure has shown improved quality of life and reduced hospitalizations for patients with tricuspid regurgitation, affecting about 5% of people over age 75.
The Ohio Supercomputer Center has released Open OnDemand 1.0, an open-source web portal for accessing high-performance computing (HPC) services. This initiative aims to lower the barrier to HPC use by providing a user-friendly interface.
Researchers at MIT's Computer Science and Artificial Intelligence Laboratory have developed a new variation of a popular open-source compiler that optimizes before adding code necessary for parallel execution. This approach results in more-efficient parallel programs, surpassing existing compilers.
A new system was presented at the Association for Computing Machinery's Symposium on Principles of Programming Languages that automatically handles database caching in web applications written in Ur/Web. This system offers twofold to 30-fold speedups in experiments involving two websites.
Researchers at the University of Bristol propose a cost-effective solution for Intelligent Transportation Systems (ITS) to share high-quality data with drivers in emergency situations. The single frequency network (SFN) approach could improve road safety by providing reliable information, reducing transmission power by up to 20 times.
Researchers have developed a technology that provides human operators with automated assistance in creating working code, expanding the number of people engaged in programming. The ExCAPE project aims to simplify program development and has already been tested in classrooms and online learning platforms.
Forensic geneticists confirm that the blood found on the scene in 1934 is indeed that of King Albert I, contradicting conspiracy theories about his death. The study used DNA comparison with two distant relatives to verify the king's identity, providing historical importance and closure.
Saarland University's IT security team, saarsec, won the top European prize in an international competition that tested their skills in finding vulnerabilities and defending against cyber attacks. The team, comprising students with varying levels of education and expertise, demonstrated exceptional knowledge of IT security and encryption.
The improved buckling restrained braces (IBRBs) feature contact rings between inner and outer tubes for lateral constraint, resulting in better behavior. Numerical simulations agree with test results, demonstrating the program's feasibility in analyzing overall stability strength capacity.
Researchers at MIT have created a programming language that allows users to design complex DNA-encoded circuits in living cells, giving new functions to bacteria and yeast. The language uses Verilog-like syntax and allows users to write programs for specific environmental conditions, such as detecting oxygen or glucose levels.
Researchers at Saarland University are developing a new approach to prevent programming errors in web browsers, focusing on the Rust programming language. The team aims to eliminate remaining security vulnerabilities through mathematical correctness proofs, with funding from the European Research Council.
CodePhage analyzes application execution to identify security checks missing from vulnerable code, then imports and inserts them into the source code. The system can repair common open-source programs in minutes, reducing grunt work for developers.
Researchers at MIT have developed a probabilistic programming language called Picture that can solve computer-vision tasks using short programs. The new system, which is competitive with conventional systems, has been shown to improve error rates on certain tasks, such as human pose estimation.
Ur/Web's compiler automatically generates XML code and style-sheet specifications and embeds JavaScript and database code in the right places. The language's typing system helps with security and coordination across Web technologies by preventing unauthorized access between page elements.
A University of Sussex study reveals that teenage girls are more adept at designing and programming their own computer games than boys. The research used a new visual programming language called Flip, which helps pupils understand the code they write. Girls created more complex programs and learned more about coding compared to boys.
Researchers at MIT have developed a new system, Chisel, that enables programmers to prioritize energy savings over computational accuracy in certain applications. The system uses a tool to help programmers evaluate the acceptable level of error and automatically assigns instructions to unreliable hardware components.
Surveyman identifies problems in surveys from design stage onward, addressing bias in question order, wording, correlation, redundancy, and respondent honesty. The free, publicly available tool guides users through steps to create a survey spreadsheet, ensuring more accurate results.
CheckCell, a new data-debugging tool, automatically finds errors in spreadsheets and flags high-impact data points for review. The plug-in uses statistical analysis and data flow analysis to identify unusual inputs that have a significant impact on program output.
Researchers at Carnegie Mellon University have designed a new programming language called Wyvern that allows programmers to use targeted domain-specific languages within the same program. This approach protects against code injection attacks by identifying the type of data being manipulated and using corresponding sublanguages.
Researchers at Georgia Tech have identified a vulnerability in Android's Address Space Layout Randomization (ASLR) feature, which weakens its security guarantees. The study reveals that performance optimization features can inadvertently harm the security of an otherwise vetted system.
A research team at UC Riverside has created a computer programming language that automates laboratory-on-a-chip technologies, enabling the automation and miniaturization of biochemical reactions. This technology has the potential to reduce healthcare costs by eliminating human error and speeding up analysis.
Researchers have developed a new version of Sketch that can handle complex synthesis tasks more efficiently, enabling it to produce working code in milliseconds. The system treats program synthesis as a search problem and finds a way to shrink the search space, making it more suitable for real-world applications.
Researchers at the University of Washington have created a programming language for chemistry that allows scientists to design and build custom DNA molecules with specific functions. This new approach enables flexible control over chemical reactions, which could lead to innovative medical applications such as smart drug delivery systems.
RockSalt, a new tool developed by Harvard computer scientists, uses Coq to verify that native code complies with security policies. The tool has improved performance and security compared to previous solutions like Google Native Client (NaCl), with no reported vulnerabilities.
Binghamton University researcher Yu David Liu is developing an energy-aware programming language to encourage green software development. The new approach aims to reduce energy consumption by allowing programmers to express their intentions directly in the code.
A Canadian study published in CMAJ found that avalanche victims buried in Canada died significantly quicker than those buried in Switzerland. The study analyzed data from 301 Canadian and 946 Swiss records of completely buried avalanche victims between 1980 and 2005.
A University of Washington computer scientist has led a statistical study comparing the pattern of symbols in the Indus script to various linguistic scripts and nonlinguistic systems. The results found the Indus script's pattern is closer to that of spoken words, supporting the hypothesis that it codes for an as-yet-unknown language.
Researchers at the University of Michigan have developed a new programming language, WASP, to make it easier for scientists to program wireless sensor networks. The language is designed to simplify tasks and reduce errors, allowing scientists to focus on data analysis rather than programming.