Articles tagged with Chromium
Comprehensive exploration of living organisms, biological systems, and life processes across all scales from molecules to ecosystems. Encompasses cutting-edge research in biology, genetics, molecular biology, ecology, biochemistry, microbiology, botany, zoology, evolutionary biology, genomics, and biotechnology. Investigates cellular mechanisms, organism development, genetic inheritance, biodiversity conservation, metabolic processes, protein synthesis, DNA sequencing, CRISPR gene editing, stem cell research, and the fundamental principles governing all forms of life on Earth.
Comprehensive medical research, clinical studies, and healthcare sciences focused on disease prevention, diagnosis, and treatment. Encompasses clinical medicine, public health, pharmacology, epidemiology, medical specialties, disease mechanisms, therapeutic interventions, healthcare innovation, precision medicine, telemedicine, medical devices, drug development, clinical trials, patient care, mental health, nutrition science, health policy, and the application of medical science to improve human health, wellbeing, and quality of life across diverse populations.
Comprehensive investigation of human society, behavior, relationships, and social structures through systematic research and analysis. Encompasses psychology, sociology, anthropology, economics, political science, linguistics, education, demography, communications, and social research methodologies. Examines human cognition, social interactions, cultural phenomena, economic systems, political institutions, language and communication, educational processes, population dynamics, and the complex social, cultural, economic, and political forces shaping human societies, communities, and civilizations throughout history and across the contemporary world.
Fundamental study of the non-living natural world, matter, energy, and physical phenomena governing the universe. Encompasses physics, chemistry, earth sciences, atmospheric sciences, oceanography, materials science, and the investigation of physical laws, chemical reactions, geological processes, climate systems, and planetary dynamics. Explores everything from subatomic particles and quantum mechanics to planetary systems and cosmic phenomena, including energy transformations, molecular interactions, elemental properties, weather patterns, tectonic activity, and the fundamental forces and principles underlying the physical nature of reality.
Practical application of scientific knowledge and engineering principles to solve real-world problems and develop innovative technologies. Encompasses all engineering disciplines, technology development, computer science, artificial intelligence, environmental sciences, agriculture, materials applications, energy systems, and industrial innovation. Bridges theoretical research with tangible solutions for infrastructure, manufacturing, computing, communications, transportation, construction, sustainable development, and emerging technologies that advance human capabilities, improve quality of life, and address societal challenges through scientific innovation and technological progress.
Study of the practice, culture, infrastructure, and social dimensions of science itself. Addresses how science is conducted, organized, communicated, and integrated into society. Encompasses research funding mechanisms, scientific publishing systems, peer review processes, academic ethics, science policy, research institutions, scientific collaboration networks, science education, career development, research programs, scientific methods, science communication, and the sociology of scientific discovery. Examines the human, institutional, and cultural aspects of scientific enterprise, knowledge production, and the translation of research into societal benefit.
Comprehensive study of the universe beyond Earth, encompassing celestial objects, cosmic phenomena, and space exploration. Includes astronomy, astrophysics, planetary science, cosmology, space physics, astrobiology, and space technology. Investigates stars, galaxies, planets, moons, asteroids, comets, black holes, nebulae, exoplanets, dark matter, dark energy, cosmic microwave background, stellar evolution, planetary formation, space weather, solar system dynamics, the search for extraterrestrial life, and humanity's efforts to explore, understand, and unlock the mysteries of the cosmos through observation, theory, and space missions.
Comprehensive examination of tools, techniques, methodologies, and approaches used across scientific disciplines to conduct research, collect data, and analyze results. Encompasses experimental procedures, analytical methods, measurement techniques, instrumentation, imaging technologies, spectroscopic methods, laboratory protocols, observational studies, statistical analysis, computational methods, data visualization, quality control, and methodological innovations. Addresses the practical techniques and theoretical frameworks enabling scientists to investigate phenomena, test hypotheses, gather evidence, ensure reproducibility, and generate reliable knowledge through systematic, rigorous investigation across all areas of scientific inquiry.
Study of abstract structures, patterns, quantities, relationships, and logical reasoning through pure and applied mathematical disciplines. Encompasses algebra, calculus, geometry, topology, number theory, analysis, discrete mathematics, mathematical logic, set theory, probability, statistics, and computational mathematics. Investigates mathematical structures, theorems, proofs, algorithms, functions, equations, and the rigorous logical frameworks underlying quantitative reasoning. Provides the foundational language and tools for all scientific fields, enabling precise description of natural phenomena, modeling of complex systems, and the development of technologies across physics, engineering, computer science, economics, and all quantitative sciences.
The M-Cube associated research laboratory combines micron-level visualization tools with precise mineralogical and geochemical analyses to identify new avenues for optimizing the mining cycle. The collaboration aims to reduce the environmental impact of uranium mining sites and better understand the mobility of radioactive descendants.
Researchers from UK and Canada will study ways to reduce mining's environmental footprint and enhance efficiency across critical mineral value chains. The project aims to develop new geological models and exploration tools for rare earth element deposits, aiming to diversify the supply chain and ensure high environmental standards.
Scientists used radiation-induced reactions to convert corrosive Cr³⁺ to less-corrosive Cr²⁺, potentially mitigating metal alloy corrosion in molten salt nuclear reactors. The findings could improve the long-term reliability of these new reactors.
Researchers found significant cell changes in workers exposed to hexavalent chromium at levels below Sweden's current limit. The study suggests the need for stricter safety regulations and lower limits for this carcinogenic substance.
A new study from Tulane University analyzed 260 honey samples from 48 states for toxic metals, finding regional differences in contamination levels. The highest arsenic and cobalt levels were found in Pacific Northwest and Southeastern honeys, respectively, while lead was detected in Carolinas honeys.
A team of scientists has developed an aerogel made from chitosan and sodium carboxymethyl cellulose that addresses the dual challenge of tannery wastewater treatment and resource utilization. The aerogel demonstrates exceptional adsorption capacities for Cr(III), Al(III), and Zr(IV) ions, commonly found in tannery effluents.
A study by Texas A&M University has revealed high levels of lead, barium, and chromium in soil samples from the Greater Fifth Ward neighborhood. The findings highlight the need for environmental protection programs to address health risks associated with heavy metal exposure.
Researchers found that wildfire suppressant products can contribute to elevated metal levels in the environment. The study tested 14 fire suppression products and found that they contained at least one metal exceeding EPA's Maximum Contaminant Level regulations for drinking water.
The Indian Institute of Science team proposes an on-site alternative using iron nanoparticles that can remediate heavy metals. The S-CMC-nZVI material showed nearly 99% efficiency at Cr6+ removal under different conditions.
Researchers developed cost-effective catalysts by incorporating chromium into transition metal hydroxides, demonstrating enhanced catalytic activity. The FeCoNiCr hydroxide catalyst showed a low overpotential of 224 mV in alkaline media, outperforming similar catalysts.
Researchers at Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory identified 28 trace metals in secondhand and thirdhand tobacco smoke, including cadmium, arsenic, and chromium. The study found that the predicted indoor air concentration for these metals exceeded California's cancer risk guidelines, highlighting the need to understand their contrib...
A new study at BESSY II has provided deeper insights into the ordering processes and diffusion phenomena in High-Entropy Alloys. The team analysed samples of a Cantor alloy, revealing local atomic structures using element-specific EXAFS and Reverse Monte Carlo analysis.
The study found that Ryugu and CIs share a common genetic heritage, but the asteroid's Cr isotopes exhibit anomalies that could be caused by water-driven processes. These anomalies are thought to have arisen from the physicochemical fractionation of presolar nanoparticles and secondary minerals.
Researchers at Shibaura Institute of Technology developed a cellulose-based thickener to reduce environmental risks associated with liquefied stabilized soil. The thickener prevents bleeding, loss of fine particles, and unwanted settling, while maintaining soil strength.
Researchers have confirmed the presence of chromium hydride in the atmosphere of hot Jupiter exoplanet WASP-31b using high-resolution spectral observations. This detection opens the possibility of using chromium hydride as a 'thermometer' to determine the temperature and other characteristics of exoplanets.
Researchers discovered that microplastics can transform chromium metal into a more toxic form when attached to UV filters, potentially harming aquatic life. The study suggests that microplastics may not just accumulate contaminants, but also interact with them to increase environmental toxicity.
Researchers probed local structure and magnetic properties of a Mn-rich Cantor alloy using EXAFS and XMCD techniques. The results show complex magnetic ordering with coexistence of different phases, consistent with macroscopic behavior.
A novel single-cell RNA sequencing technique, TAS-Seq, has been developed to provide higher-precision data than current methods. The new method detects more genes and identifies highly variable genes, making it a sensitive high-throughput scRNA method.
Scientists investigated the local structure of a high-entropy Cantor alloy using X-ray absorption spectroscopy, revealing structural relaxations in chromium atoms and no evidence of secondary phases. The study correlated these findings with macroscopic magnetic properties.
Researchers from Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz have achieved a breakthrough in using chromium compounds for efficient green-to-blue photon upconversion. This process can expand the use of low-energy sunlight in solar cells and photochemical reactions, reducing environmental impacts associated with rare metal extraction.
Recent studies published in the Journal of Pharmaceutical Analysis have found applications of nanotechnology in medicine, drug research, and environmental protection. Researchers developed nanodots made of carbon using natural polysaccharides from mushrooms to detect chromium, and created nanozymes that could be used to detect drug con...
Researchers found that metal concentrations were particularly elevated in CWSs serving semi-urban, Hispanic communities, highlighting environmental justice concerns. Arsenic, barium, chromium, selenium, and uranium concentrations were also disproportionately elevated.
Researchers at Princeton University have developed a method to generate less-stable olefins from internal olefins catalytically, utilizing photocatalysis and chromium co-catalysis. This innovation allows for the conversion of internal olefins into terminal olefins, which are useful starting points in various chemical processes.
A new study reveals that construction workers are at high risk of tracking multiple toxic metals into their homes, including arsenic, chromium, and lead. The study found a range of factors, such as lack of work lockers and poor hygiene practices, can impact metal concentrations in home dust.
Dr. John Pierce Wise leads a team to investigate chromosome instability in lungs caused by metal exposure, with hopes of preventing and reversing lung cancer in people. The research aims to understand why humans are more susceptible to metals-induced lung cancer than whales.
Researchers at Skoltech and their colleagues have successfully created a magnetic material by 3D printing a gradient alloy from nonmagnetic powders. The resulting alloy exhibits ferromagnetic properties, opening up potential applications in machine engineering, such as electrical motors.
The study explores chromium oxides, magnetic compounds used in old tapes, and finds that adding oxygen atoms increases metallic properties. This allows for precise control over electrical conductance, enabling the design of molecular-sized components with vast processing and storage capacities.
Researchers have discovered that microplastics can serve as a transport vehicle for metals in the environment, accumulating and releasing these pollutants. The study found significant differences in metal accumulation between different types of plastics, with some metals attaching almost entirely to microplastics.
A University of Wyoming research team has resolved the controversy over the energy gap of chromium tribromide, a van der Waals material, revealing an energy gap value of around 0.3 electron volts. The study uses scanning tunneling microscopy and spectroscopy to measure atomic resolution images and electronic properties.
Researchers found that residual disinfectants in drinking water distribution systems react with chromium in iron pipes to produce carcinogenic hexavalent chromium. The study recommends reducing the use of pipes with high levels of chromium alloy and using a less reactive disinfectant.
Researchers at Tokyo University of Science create a novel approach to reducing chromium toxicity in wastewater through the chemical reaction of reduction, employing photocatalysts like titanium oxide and copper complexes. The method has high efficiency and is reusable, providing a promising technology for environmental regulation.
A study by Haizhou Liu and colleagues reveals that corroded cast iron pipes can react with residual disinfectants to form Cr(VI), a known carcinogen. The researchers suggest using less-reactive disinfectants and replacing cast iron pipes with chromium alloy could help mitigate Cr(VI) levels in drinking water.
Researchers at University College London have discovered that chromium steel was first made in ancient Persia, dating back to the 11th century CE. The production of chromium crucible steel marks a distinct Persian tradition, separate from Central Asian methods.
A team of Boston College researchers has developed a new approach to create synthetic layered magnets by manipulating non-magnetic atoms in chromium halides. This method enables tuning of magnetic properties, opening up new avenues for creating exotic magnets and innovative technologies.
A new Duke University study finds that co-occurring contaminants in North Carolina's private wells can heighten health risks for millions of residents. The study highlights the need for more research to better understand the health impacts of geogenic contaminants and mixtures.
A new study estimates that more than half of North Carolina's central region drinking wells contain levels of cancer-causing hexavalent chromium above state safety standards. Over 50% of wells in the Piedmont region are expected to exceed the health advisory level, posing a risk to nearly 4 million people relying on groundwater.
Researchers from Chinese Academy of Sciences report discovery of Pr3Cr10-xN11, a chromium-based nitride superconductor with bulk superconductivity at 5.25 K, exhibiting a large upper critical field and strong electronic correlations. The material is the first Cr-based superconductor found in Chromium Nitrides.
A study by University of California, Riverside researchers found high concentrations of metals such as lead, nickel, and chromium in e-cigarette aerosols. The team analyzed six popular e-cigarette tanks and their atomizers, revealing that the model with fewest metal parts had the fewest metals in its aerosol.
Researchers at the University of Colorado Boulder have developed a low-cost, high-performance battery chemistry that achieves exceptional voltage and high efficiencies. The new innovation uses chromium and organic binding agents to stabilize a potent electrolyte, offering promise for cost-effective manufacturing.
Researchers found that antioxidants like vitamin C can block toxicity caused by hexavalent chromium in human cells, which could lead to a new treatment method for water contamination. The study suggests an oxidative mechanism is responsible for the contaminant's toxicity, and treating water with antioxidants may prevent it.
Researchers from University of Freiburg successfully prepared the elusive chromium hexacarbonyl cation, a key compound for basic research and applications. The team used standard laboratory equipment and common solvents to fill the stable compound into bottles as a solution and crystals.
Researchers have developed a new method to calculate the behavior of chromium nitride, a magnetic material used in industry and thermoelectric systems. The study found that spin-lattice coupling causes an anomalous shortening of phonon lifetime, leading to poor heat conductivity.
Researchers found that natural sources of hexavalent chromium affect a larger area and more wells in California than industrial sources, highlighting the need for new groundwater management strategies.
The IUPUI 360 Dust Analysis project offers free testing of household dust contaminants, including lead and chromium, which can be tracked inside or blown in from outside. Participants receive detailed information about their dust and suggestions to mitigate any health risks.
A study found that e-cigarette heating coils release potentially hazardous levels of lead and other toxic metals into the aerosols vapers inhale. Chronic exposure to these metals can cause lung, liver, immune, cardiovascular, and brain damage, as well as cancer.
Researchers at INRS develop a hydrometallurgical process to decontaminate treated wood waste, removing over 90% of contaminants. The process is environmentally friendly and cost-effective, diverting wood waste from landfills and incineration.
Researchers found elevated levels of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) and transition metals, including hexavalent chromium, on the Red Line. This led to a ten-fold increase in cancer risk compared to government safety thresholds.
Researchers at Georgia Institute of Technology have demonstrated that certain ligands can create signals similar to those of molecular oxygen, potentially masking true discoveries. The study highlights the tool's limitations and emphasizes the need for careful interpretation in specific cases.
Researchers discovered a new chromium-based superconductor with an unusual electronic state, characterized by linear magnetic resistance at ultralow temperatures. This finding could contribute to the development of new superconductors and materials with unique properties.
Researchers from Dresden and Basel have developed a novel memory chip concept that can store data magnetically without continuous refreshing, reducing energy consumption and heat generation. The breakthrough uses an electrical voltage instead of current to activate the magnetic material, enabling more efficient data storage.
Researchers at ICIQ and OSU created a new method to prepare chromium polyoxocations, overcoming a huge synthetic challenge. The study found that controlling the formation of chromium clusters is key to expanding our understanding of metal-oxide cluster crystallization.
Scientists found that nearly 90% of study wells had detectable levels of naturally occurring Cr(VI) in groundwater. Chromium is prevalent in the Piedmont region and similar rocks worldwide.
A Duke University study reveals that over 90% of water wells in North Carolina are contaminated with hexavalent chromium, a carcinogen. The contamination is attributed to the natural leaching of chromium from aquifer rocks in the Piedmont region.
Researchers have detected high levels of KIM-1, a biomarker for kidney injury, as well as arsenic and chromium in children's urine in a region of Mexico with high incidence of chronic kidney disease. The findings suggest that early exposure to environmental toxins may lead to irreversible harm if not addressed.
Researchers found that metal ions released by cobalt-chromium-molybdenum alloys impair mesenchymal stromal cells' ability to differentiate into osteoblasts. This can lead to premature bone loss and revision surgery. The study's findings highlight the need for improved implant design and composition to optimize patient safety.
An international team of scientists has proven that technetium carbide cannot be synthesized, contrary to previous claims. The researchers used computational models to calculate the stability of various transition metal carbides and found that only low-carbon technetium compounds can exist.
A recent study found that chromium supplements can partially convert into a carcinogenic form when entering cells, raising concerns over their long-term use. The research suggests that exposure to high doses of chromium may increase cancer risk, particularly for individuals taking large amounts of chromium-containing supplements.
Researchers analyzed a Van Gogh painting using X-rays to determine the type of chrome yellow used. They found that lighter shades were more susceptible to degradation and darkened over time.
High entropy alloys consist of four or more metals in equal amounts, exhibiting remarkable properties such as hardness and tensile strength at low temperatures. Researchers found that chromium and its spin play key roles in ordering the alloy's composition.
A team of chemists at Nagoya University has synthesized novel transition metal-complexed cycloparaphenylenes that enable selective monofunctionalization of CPPs. The discovery opens doors to the construction of unprecedented nanocarbons, including carbon nanotubes with new properties.