Marine Ecosystems

Tiny ocean life helps scientists estimate whale prevalence off the California coast

Old newspapers track porpoise populations across the Baltic Sea

Nitrogen pollution identified as major driver of biodiversity loss in UK coastal waters

A new study reveals that nitrogen enrichment is significantly reducing the abundance and variety of marine life in UK coastal ecosystems. The research found a strong association between higher nitrogen concentrations and a decrease in animal abundance and species richness.

New peer-reviewed study: Bottom trawling in Europe’s waters costs society up to €16 billion annually — mostly due to climate impacts

A new peer-reviewed study finds that bottom trawling in European waters results in significant economic losses, with annual costs reaching up to €16 billion. The destructive fishing practice is also found to be a major contributor to climate change, with its impacts felt throughout the region's marine ecosystems.

How can science support and enable the High Seas Treaty?

A new study provides a solutions-focused pathway to implementing the High Seas Treaty, highlighting the need for enhanced data resources and sharing. The researchers identify major scientific and technical developments that can help address challenges in biodiversity monitoring and connectivity between areas.

UMaine, Maine DMR analysis tracks 20 years of coastal species shifts in the Gulf of Maine

Researchers analyzed 20 years of fishery survey data to understand how environmental change affects marine ecosystems. The study found a decline in biodiversity, with biomass concentrated in fewer species, mirroring Maine's coastal economy.

A new crab is settling in the Mediterranean: Early evidence of establishment of a Lessepsian species in the Ionian Sea

A new study documents the rapid expansion of the Indo-Pacific crab Gonioinfradens giardi in the Ionian Sea, indicating a shift from sporadic occurrence to stable populations. The species' establishment raises concerns about its ecological role and interactions with native species.

Getting a glimpse of viral dances in the dark in the Sargasso Sea

A study of viral abundance in the Sargasso Sea reveals that viruses with cyclical changes in abundance are most active at night, infecting heterotrophic host microbes. This finding opens new questions about the ecological services provided by oceans and highlights the importance of including viruses in ocean models.

The ‘thermal hustle’: FIU researchers track how great hammerhead sharks outsmart ocean temperature swings

Researchers tracked movement, acceleration, depth, and water temperature for nine hammerheads in Florida and the Bahamas waters. They found great hammerheads can effectively hunt fast-moving prey like blacktip sharks in winter and tarpon in summer, suggesting they may tolerate changing climates better than other species.

Australia's environment is improving in many ways, but climate change is ‘accelerating’ damage to our marine ecosystems and wildlife at rapid pace

Despite good rainfall improving soils and vegetation, marine ecosystems and wildlife continue to bear the cost of a warming climate. The report found 2,175 species listed as threatened under federal law, with heat stress exceeding thresholds at 79% of reef locations.

Sea turtle shells reveal hidden records of ocean change

A new study using radiocarbon methods reveals that sea turtle shell plates are biological time capsules that record signs of major environmental disturbances in the ocean. By analyzing these layers, scientists can determine where turtles have been foraging and how marine environmental stress events affected them.

Coastal ocean chemistry now substantially shaped by humans

A global analysis of over 2,300 seawater samples reveals human-made chemicals make up a significant portion of organic matter in coastal oceans. Industrial chemicals, including plastics and consumer products, dominate the anthropogenic chemical signal, persisting even 20 kilometers offshore.

Risk of whale entanglement in fishing gear tied to size of cool-water habitat

Research finds that humpback whales face a higher risk of getting entangled in fishing equipment during years with lower availability of cool-water habitat. The Habitat Compression Index can predict ocean conditions up to a year in advance, suggesting its potential as an early warning system for fishery management decisions.

New Michelin star jellyfish discovered in Japanese aquaria

Researchers have discovered a new species of jellyfish, Malagazzia michelin, found in Japanese waters. The species has distinctive brown spots and a hemispherical umbrella-shaped body.

The new ‘forever’ contaminant? SFU study raises alarm on marine fiberglass pollution

A new SFU study found fibreglass particles in the sediment and biofilm layers of the Cowichan Estuary, which supports shorebirds and shellfish. The researchers recommend immediate management actions to prevent further pollution from abandoned boats and marine infrastructure.

Colonists dredged away Sydney’s natural oyster reefs. Now science knows how best to restore them.

Researchers have identified the complex shapes of natural oyster reefs are not random, but optimise the establishment and survival of developing oysters. The study provides critical information to guide effective reef restoration using artificial habitats that replicate specific geometric attributes found in natural reefs.

The giant fire tornado that could save our oceans

Researchers have developed a new method for cleaning oil spills using massive fire whirls, which can burn through crude oil nearly twice as fast as in-situ fire pools. The results show that fire whirls produce 40% less soot and consume up to 95% of the fuel, leaving fewer harmful particles behind.

Releasing pollack at depth could benefit their long-term survival, study suggests

A new study suggests that releasing pollack closer to their natural catch depths can significantly improve their chances of survival. The research found that releasing fish at these depths can increase survival rates from 56% to over 80%. This could have a positive impact on the long-term sustainability of recreational pollack fisheries.

As tropical fish move north, UT San Antonio researcher tracks climate threats to Texas waterways

A UT San Antonio assistant professor is studying how climate change and urbanization affect freshwater ecosystems by tracking the expansion of exotic tropical fish species into northern regions. The project aims to provide practical tools for natural resource managers to protect Texas waterways.

The internet names a new deep-sea species, Senckenberg researchers select a scientific name from over 8,000 suggestions.

A newly discovered deep-sea chiton was named Ferreiraella populi through a public naming contest on social media. The name translates to 'of the people' and was chosen from over 8,000 submissions.

For the first time, a study characterizes the sounds of the flying gurnard, offering clues to its communication

A new study characterizes the sounds produced by flying gurnards, revealing two distinct types of grunt-like sounds that differ in duration, frequency, and rhythm. The researchers also found that juveniles under 10 cm in length produce sounds from an early developmental stage.

Sharktober: Study links October shark bite spike to tiger shark reproduction

A statistically significant spike in shark bites occurs every October in Hawaiian waters, primarily driven by tiger sharks. The research found a strong link between the October spike and the tiger shark's reproductive cycle, specifically parturition, which occurs during September-October.

USF-led study: AI helps reveal global surge in floating algae

A USF-led study using AI shows a significant increase in macroalgae growth globally, with blooms expanding across the tropical Atlantic and western Pacific. The study attributes this shift to climate variability and human activities such as nutrient runoff.

Elva Escobar Briones selected for The Oceanography Society Mentoring Award

Dr. Elva Escobar Briones receives the TOS Mentoring Award for her decades-long dedication to mentoring students, early career professionals, and colleagues in biological oceanography. She promotes equity, inclusion, and access to oceanographic training, particularly for underrepresented regions.

University of Tennessee shows viral impact on ocean oxygen

A new study by the University of Tennessee shows that virus infection of cyanobacteria releases nutrients, fueling microbial growth and contributing to enhanced oxygen levels in the ocean. The findings suggest a direct link between viral activity and ecosystem functioning below the surface.

Are you ready to swap salmon for sprats and sardines?

A UK study found that over 40% of consumers are willing to try new fish species, including sardines and anchovies. The research highlights the potential for improving national health and local economies by embracing home-caught seafood. It also reveals a generational divide in seafood consumption habits.

New study finds movement of fishing fleets can reveal shifts in marine ecosystems

Researchers tracked VMS data to detect changes in albacore abundance due to marine heatwaves, revealing the potential of fishing fleets as ecosystem sentinels. The study highlights the importance of using near-real-time data to monitor ecosystem health and prevent fishery collapses.

Bacteria resisting viral infection can still sink carbon to ocean floor

Researchers found that some phage-resistant mutations enhance bacteria's ability to sink carbon, while others slow down growth rates. The study suggests that the selection of surface mutants may play a key role in marine biological pump and carbon export.

New USF study finds widespread rule-breaking in whale shark tourism hotspot

A new USF study found that tour boats and swimmers routinely violate Mexico's whale shark tourism rules, even when waters are less crowded. The research, based on drone footage from 2016 and 2022, suggests that the world's busiest whale-shark destination is struggling to manage demand, putting vulnerable animals at risk.

USF-led study reveals dramatic decline in some historic sargassum populations

A new USF-led study found a dramatic decline in some historic sargassum populations due to ocean warming and changes in their distribution. This shift could affect the health of marine ecosystems as sargassum supports high biodiversity for various marine species.

Humpback whales are making a comeback – here’s one reason why

Humpback whales are experiencing a significant recovery, with an estimated population of 80,000, thanks to their ability to adapt to changing food sources. Researchers observed humpback whales switching from polar cod to krill in response to changes in the Senyavin Strait ecosystem.

Drift logs destroying intertidal ecosystems

New research reveals drift logs causing widespread destruction of rocky intertidal ecosystems, leading to population decline in barnacle beds and interstitial invertebrates. This disturbance is comparable to ice-scouring or heatwaves, emphasizing the need for conservation measures to protect organisms in the intertidal zone.

Carbon-rich waters are becoming even more acidic as atmospheric CO2 levels rise

A new study reveals that ocean acidification is accelerating at a rate outpacing atmospheric CO2 levels, with the Northeastern Pacific Ocean experiencing rapid acidification. The research analyzed coral skeletons from the past century, showing that CO2 has been accumulating in North American waters faster than in the atmosphere.

Drones map loggerhead sea turtle nesting site hotspots

Researchers used drones to create detailed maps of a high-density nesting beach, identifying steepness and proximity to dune crossover stairs as key factors influencing turtle nesting success. The study provides insights into how changing coastal conditions affect sea turtle habitats, informing conservation policy and coastal development.

Baby-cams confirm Moreton Bay as nursing ground for humpback whales

Researchers captured first known underwater footage of humpback whale calves nursing in Quandamooka Sea Country. The study found frequent bouts of nursing in around half of tagged individuals, supporting the bay's critical role as a humpback whale nursery and rest area.

FAU secures $1.4 million grant to save wildlife in Florida Everglades

The project aims to quantify the link between water conditions, fish populations, and wading bird nesting success in the Florida Everglades. Researchers will collect data on aquatic prey and habitat conditions during the dry season to provide essential insight into restoration efforts.

UH Researcher awarded $2M federal grant to explore how frogs survive in salty environments

A University of Houston biologist has received a $2.16 million federal grant to study how some coastal frogs survive in salty environments. The research could reveal how cells cope with salt stress and have implications for understanding the health risks of high-salt diets in humans.

First study of its kind finds deep-sea mining waste threatens life and foodwebs in the ocean’s dim “twilight zone”

A new study finds that deep-sea mining waste can disrupt marine life in the midwater 'twilight zone', where vast communities of zooplankton support the ocean's food system. The waste, released during a 2022 mining trial, has lower concentrations of amino acids, threatening the delicate balance of the food web.

Space dust reveals Arctic ice conditions before satellite imaging

Researchers analyzed sediment cores from three sites in the Arctic, finding that year-round ice coverage corresponded with less cosmic dust. This study suggests that tracking cosmic dust can help predict changes to sea ice coverage and understand warming trends.

The driver of Sargassum blooms in the Atlantic Ocean

Research reveals that strong winds transport phosphorus to the ocean's surface, benefiting cyanobacteria that convert atmospheric nitrogen into a form usable by Sargassum algae. This symbiotic relationship gives Sargassum a competitive advantage in the Equatorial Atlantic and explains past changes in biomass.

Data integration is the key to understanding Asia-pacific marine change

A new perspective on Asia-pacific marine ecosystems proposes integrating physical oceanography, environmental genomics, and ecological observations to enhance biodiversity monitoring. This approach aims to strengthen international collaboration and protect the region's most diverse marine life.

New study reveals southern ocean’s winter CO₂ outgassing underestimated by 40%

A new study has found that the Southern Ocean releases substantially more carbon dioxide during the dark austral winter than previously thought. The findings suggest that the region plays a more complex and dynamic role in the global carbon cycle, with implications for climate models.

Global environmental DNA (eDNA) surveys significantly expand known geographic and ecological niche ranges of marine fish, highlighting current biases in conservation and ecological modeling

Researchers used global environmental DNA (eDNA) surveys to map marine fish species' geographic ranges. These findings highlight current biases in conservation efforts and ecological models.

Underwater robot ‘Lassie’ discovers remarkable icefish nests during search for Shackleton’s lost ship off Antarctica

A remotely operated vehicle (ROV) in the Western Weddell Sea uncovered extensive maintained fish nesting grounds, revealing patterns and organization, which are thought to be a survival strategy. The discovery provides critical insights into Vulnerable Marine Ecosystems and their importance for biodiversity.

All prey are not the same: marine predators face uneven nutritional payoffs

A new study reveals that different prey within a single species can provide vastly different levels of nutrition for marine predators. This variation can lead to predators consuming more prey than necessary, highlighting the importance of understanding prey quality in maintaining ecosystem balance.

World’s largest rays may be diving to extreme depths to build mental maps of vast oceans

Researchers tracked oceanic manta rays and found they dive to depths over 1,200 meters to gather information about their environment and navigate across the open ocean. These dives are linked with increased horizontal travel afterwards, suggesting a mental mapping function.

Ocean species discovered! Researchers team up to describe 14 new marine animals

Researchers describe 14 new marine invertebrate species and two genera from worldwide oceans, shedding light on deep-sea life. The study utilizes non-invasive micro-CT scanning to provide unprecedented clarity on internal tissues and soft-body parts.

What we know and what we need to know about Antarctic marine viruses

Researchers aim to fill the knowledge gap on Antarctic marine viruses, particularly RNA viruses, to understand their ecological importance. They highlight the need for further research on viral tagging, single-cell sequencing, and studying the marginal ice zone to expand our understanding of these viruses.

Unique videos show how trawling restrictions brings back life to the sea

A new study from the University of Gothenburg reveals that trawling restrictions have led to a significant increase in marine life, particularly among filter-feeding species like mussels and soft corals. However, heat-sensitive species are declining at shallow depths due to warmer water temperatures, driven by climate change.

Marine scientists urge overhaul of restoration rules to save oceans

A team of international marine scientists urges reform to licensing and regulation of coastal restoration projects. The authors argue outdated systems hinder progress toward ambitious global targets to restore 30% of degraded ecosystems by 2030.

USF study: Ancient plankton hint at steadier future for ocean life

A new USF study suggests that nutrient upwelling and biological productivity remained stable despite higher global temperatures in the eastern tropical Pacific. The researchers found no evidence of reduced nitrate concentrations, a key nutrient for plankton, over the last five million years.

Applied Microbiology International joins forces with microbiology leaders to launch Global Climate Change Strategy

A global alliance of microbiology organizations has unveiled a joint strategy to integrate microbial science into climate policy, innovation and public discourse. The strategy aims to recognize microbes as vital allies in the fight against climate change and chart a clear course for microbiology organizations to lead by example.

International research alliance investigates environmental impacts of deep-sea mining

The MiningImpact project is investigating the environmental impacts of deep-sea mining on ocean ecosystems. Scientists are studying biodiversity, genetic connectivity, and ecosystem health to develop indicators and threshold values for harm.

Death by a thousand cuts: salmon falling through the cracks in B.C.’s fragmented policy landscape

New research from Simon Fraser University finds that Pacific salmon face escalating threats from industrial development, climate change, and uncoordinated regulation. The authors suggest a cumulative effects management cycle to address gaps in policy and ensure enforceable thresholds.

What climate change means for the Mediterranean Sea

The Mediterranean Sea is warming at a faster rate than the open ocean, posing significant risks to marine ecosystems. The study highlights the urgent need for action to protect these unique ecosystems, which could collapse or remain functional depending on political decisions made now.

Seagrass swap could reshape Chesapeake Bay food web

A new study suggests that the shift from eelgrass to widgeon grass in the Chesapeake Bay could lead to a 63% reduction in invertebrate biomass by 2060. The change may favor smaller creatures and reduce the total animal biomass per square meter, impacting fisheries and ecosystem functions.

Human impact on the ocean will double by 2050, UCSB scientists warn

UCSB researchers warn that the ocean's cumulative impact will double by 2050 due to climate change and human activities. The tropics and poles are expected to experience the fastest changes in impacts, with coastal areas bearing the brunt of the increased pressures.

When the crowds left, reefs came alive at Hanauma Bay

A new study found that when Hanauma Bay was closed to the public during the 2020 pandemic, the reef quickly returned to more natural levels. This led to clearer water, increased sightings of endangered Hawaiian monk seals, and more active fish populations.

New study finds concerning sea star response to a neurotoxin

A new study found potentially concerning concentrations of domoic acid in wild sea stars, which could have cascading consequences for marine biodiversity. The researchers also observed behavioral and physiological changes in response to the neurotoxin, raising concerns about its potential impacts on keystone species.

Nearly 80% of whale sharks in this marine tourism hotspot have human-caused scars

A recent study found that 62% of whale sharks in the Bird's Head Seascape off Indonesian West Papua have scars and injuries from preventable human causes. Simple interventions, such as modifying traditional fishing platforms and boat designs, could greatly lessen this burden on the local population.