Articles tagged with Hypersensitivity
A new Cornell University study reveals that exposure to diverse microbes and allergens as adults may worsen the development of allergic airway inflammation compared to newborns. Researchers found a break point where protection from microbial exposure might wane, depending on life stage and timing.
Researchers have developed a new measurement method to accurately quantify allergy-triggering proteins (ATIs) in barley. Analyzing over 180 barley accessions from around the world, they identified ten barley-specific ATI types for the first time, revealing varying content between 1.1 and 5.2 milligrams per gram of flour.
Researchers have engineered a monoclonal antibody that blocks allergic reactions against common pollen when applied inside the nose of mice, providing new hope for hay fever sufferers. The treatment, known as a 'molecular shield,' acts immediately and locally at the lining of the nose to prevent IgE antibodies from being activated.
A large study published in Open Heart found that people with moderate to severe varicose veins are more likely to experience hypersensitivity to cold and heaviness in their legs. The study also highlights the importance of acknowledging cold hypersensitivity as a subjective symptom associated with varicose veins.
A research team at Seoul National University developed a hypersensitive, flexible strain sensor that can detect infinitesimal strains as small as 10−5. The sensor, with meta-structured cracks, enables real-time blood flow monitoring for early stroke diagnosis and cerebrovascular disease detection.
A team of researchers has identified the PIEZO2 protein as a critical mediator of sensory signals that maintain chronic pain. The study found that gain-of-function mutations in the PIEZO2 gene can mimic the effects of chronic pain in C-fibers, suggesting a new target for pain medication.
A study by IBS researchers has identified the anterior cingulate cortex (ACC) as a key region responsible for sensory hypersensitivity associated with autism spectrum disorders. The team discovered that ACC hyperactivity and brain-wide hyperconnectivity contribute to sensory abnormalities in Grin2b-mutant mice.
The study investigates how different genes related to autism spectrum disorders affect the brain's neural circuits, resulting in heightened sensitivity to sounds. The researchers aim to identify a potential biomarker for sensory hypersensitivity and develop treatments using optogenetics and minocycline.
Scientists at UCSF discovered a new way to test for autism by measuring how children's eyes move when they turn their heads. Children with severe autism have an unusual form of the vestibulo-ocular reflex, which can be measured with a simple eye-tracking device.
Researchers boosted inhibitory interneuron activity in Fragile X mice, reducing hypersensitivity to sensory stimuli. The study found that even young mice with Fragile X had lower PV neuron density and functional decoupling, but treatment restored excitatory neuron function and reduced hypersensitivity.
Researchers uncover a pathophysiological mechanism that initiates and sustains neuropathic pain in mice, identifying Tiam1 as a potential therapeutic target. Targeting spinal Tiam1 with antisense oligonucleotides alleviates neuropathic pain hypersensitivity, offering promise for treating chronic pain.
The American Roentgen Ray Society presents its 2023 Honorary Lecture on Advanced High-Resolution CT, dedicated to the late Dr. W. Richard Webb, who transformed thoracic imaging with his foundational work in HRCT. The lecture explores multiple conditions diagnosed via HRCT and the radiologist's role on multidisciplinary teams.
A world-first study from the University of South Australia is providing valuable insights into how young people understand chronic pain, potentially helping thousands of sufferers to better manage their symptoms and long-term wellbeing. Researchers found that young people tend to make sense of chronic pain by explaining it as a softwar...
Researchers have discovered a gene mutation that can block chronic pain and provide protection against other stimuli, including heart and brain cells. The TRPV1 receptor mutation, found in avian species, was successfully transplanted into mice, showing reduced pain sensitivity and improved protective effects.
Researchers have uncovered the underlying mechanism driving depressive systems in chronic pain, identifying a potential therapeutic target for treatment. Tiam1 protein modulates neural connections, leading to hypersensitivity and depression; ketamine blocks this effect, alleviating symptoms.
A common fatty acid found in the Western diet contributes to increased temperature and pain sensitivity in psoriatic lesions. The findings could lead to improved pain treatments for psoriasis patients.
Research reveals that individuals with autism have normal pain thresholds but increased sensitivity to painful stimuli. This study's findings suggest the need for increased awareness and early treatment to improve quality of life for autistic individuals.
Researchers found histamine releases HMGB1 in vascular endothelial cells, leading to severe symptoms. Administering anti-HMGB1 antibody attenuated hypotension and improved recovery rates.
A study by Japanese researchers from Fujita Health University sheds light on the molecular mechanisms of contact dermatitis, revealing that neutrophil extracellular traps play a key role in the condition. The team's findings suggest that inhibiting NET formation could be a new therapeutic strategy for treating contact dermatitis.
Researchers at Salk Institute discover a molecule called CGRP that enables neurons to bundle threatening sensory cues into a unified signal, conveying it to the amygdala. The study may lead to new therapies for fear-related disorders such as PTSD and autism.
Women with GAD exhibit abnormal interoception, perceiving intense heartbeats and lower neural activity in the ventromedial prefrontal cortex. The study suggests a causal link between cardiovascular sensitivity and frontal cortex insensitivity, contributing to anxiety symptoms.
Researchers have identified a key protein in the brain that regulates habituation, a mechanism essential for focus and attention. The study found that a decrease in this protein leads to hypersensitivity and symptoms similar to those seen in Autism Spectrum Disorder.
Researchers found correlations between brain morphology and sensory characteristics in adults with ASD, suggesting structural changes may cause sensory abnormalities. The study aims to improve diagnosis and treatment options for ASD beyond behavioral indicators.
Breast milk from Mennonite moms on farms contains higher concentrations of IgA antibodies against food allergens and bacteria associated with farm animals. Babies born to these mothers show reduced rates of atopic diseases, suggesting a protective factor passed on through breast milk.
A study by Kazan Federal University found that probiotics administered to antibiotic-treated mice improved behavior, reduced oxidative stress, and restored gut microbiota diversity. The researchers demonstrated a strong link between the gut microbiota and brain functioning, with potential therapeutic benefits for treating dysbiosis-rel...
A pilot study from North Carolina State University found that a gene associated with autism spectrum disorder and pain hypersensitivity may decrease itch response. Contactin-associated protein 2 (CNTNAP2) is expressed in sensory neurons responsible for transmitting sensations of both pain and itch.
A mouse study found that consuming black raspberries can reduce swelling caused by contact hypersensitivity, a condition that triggers redness and inflammation in the skin. The researchers believe that black raspberries modulate dendritic cells, which help regulate the immune system's response to allergens.
A new study reveals a neural circuit that underlies sensory hypersensitivity in mice with autism-like traits. The research suggests that reestablishing normal levels of neuron activity could reverse this kind of hypersensitivity, providing a potential target for developing treatments.
A middle-aged man developed severe lung inflammation after introducing feather-filled bedding into his home, prompting doctors to sound the alarm about the potential risk. Repeated exposure to bird feathers can lead to irreversible scarring of lung tissue, highlighting the importance of identifying this condition promptly.
Researchers have identified two brain circuits that help tune out distracting sensory information and found a way to reverse noise hypersensitivity in mice by boosting the activity of those circuits. Targeting both circuits is more effective than treating either one alone, suggesting a new approach to treating neurological disorders.
A large study of almost 200,000 patients found that premedicating with antihistamines and switching contrast media can reduce recurrent allergic reactions. Genetic predisposition may also play a role in reaction to CT contrast agents, according to the researchers.
A new study by Dr. Keon West found that ethnic minorities and majorities experience similar decreases in happiness and life satisfaction after microaggressions. The researcher argues that the 'hypersensitivity hypothesis' has undermined the severity of microaggression effects, suggesting a shift towards eliminating these experiences.
A new study reveals that disrupted insulin signalling in pain sensory neurons is the underlying cause of diabetes-induced pain in fruit flies. Increasing insulin signalling reverses pain hypersensitivity in these model flies, suggesting a potential treatment for diabetic neuropathy patients.
Researchers at Mie University have found a potential cause of auditory hypersensitivity in autistic model animals, leading to a more precise diagnosis method. The 'inhibitory' pathway abnormality is linked to sound localization skills, enabling clearer and more accurate assessments.
Doctors identify bagpipe lung as a potential hazard for wind instrument players due to fungal growth in moist interiors. A case report reveals a man's death from hypersensitivity pneumonitis linked to playing the bagpipes, highlighting the risk of contamination.
A study by Indiana University researchers has identified 36 genes, including the 'smoke alarm' gene, that contribute to nerve sensitivity in both humans and fruit flies. These genes may represent potential targets for new drug treatments in human pain management.
A study of 1140 pregnant women and their children found that eczema, rhinitis, pet ownership, and age at introducing solid food are associated with different types of food hypersensitivity. A healthy diet was also found to be protective against both IgE-mediated and non-IgE mediated reactions.
Researchers from KU Leuven identified histamine as a cause of abdominal pain in IBS patients, discovering that it makes the pain receptor TRPV1 hypersensitive. A pilot clinical study found that ebastine, an existing hay fever medicine, significantly reduced abdominal pain in IBS patients.
A recent study by the American College of Allergy, Asthma, and Immunology found that 34% of patients with cardiovascular disease were incorrectly labeled as having an aspirin allergy due to gastrointestinal symptoms. In reality, only 2.5% of patients had a true aspirin hypersensitivity.
A case report highlights the potential health risk of e-cigarette use, particularly in relation to the flavoring agent diacetyl. The patient, a 60-year-old cigar smoker, developed symptoms after using strongly-flavored e-cigarettes, and was diagnosed with acute hypersensitivity pneumonitis.
Researchers at Netherlands Institute for Neuroscience found increased synchrony between sensory cortices and subcortical regions in individuals with Autism Spectrum Disorder, contributing to hypersensitivity. This decoupling is thought to reflect the inability to block out irrelevant sensory information.
UC Riverside researchers are investigating the mechanisms of auditory hypersensitivity in Fragile X syndrome (FXS), a genetic disorder that affects social impairments, repetitive behaviors, and cognitive deficits. The study aims to identify underlying neural mechanisms and develop new therapeutic targets for FXS and autism.
Researchers at Université Laval developed a new method to alleviate chronic pain by rekindling pain and then erasing it. By injecting capsaicin and administering a protein synthesis inhibitor, they induced temporary pain hypersensitivity, which was subsequently reversed.
Research from Aarhus University shows that exposure to a farming environment can prevent or dampen hypersensitivities and allergies, even in adults. The study found that working in farming environments stimulates the immune system, dampening its response to environmental irritants, which may trigger hypersensitivity.
Researchers have found that electroacupuncture treatment can improve visceral hypersensitivity in irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) by reducing P2X4 receptor immunoreactivity in the colon and spinal cord. This study provides medical support for the central mechanisms underlying electroacupuncture treatment.
A study found that media reports about electromagnetic hypersensitivity can trigger symptoms in susceptible individuals, even if there is no objective reason. The nocebo effect, where expectation of negative effects increases likelihood of experiencing symptoms, was observed.
A research team from Université Laval has discovered a molecular pathway by which morphine can increase pain, leading to potential new strategies to improve treatment of post-operative and chronic pain. The researchers identified specialized cells called microglia as the culprit behind morphine-induced pain hypersensitivity.
La Jolla Institute scientists discovered a mechanism key in drug allergy, identifying HLA gene-linked hypersensitivity reactions before use in humans. The finding could lead to pre-screening of drugs at risk of causing severe reactions.
Researchers found that abacavir induces the creation of drug-induced immunogens that are attacked by the immune system, leading to severe hypersensitivity reactions. This autoimmune mechanism is similar to those causing diseases like lupus and type 1 diabetes.
The University of Liverpool will coordinate an international research network, led by Professor Munir Pirmohamed, to investigate the role of genetic variation in drug-induced hypersensitivity reactions. This collaboration aims to identify genetic predisposing factors that can help predict susceptible patients and reduce the patient and...
Researchers found thermal hyperalgesia in IBS patients compared to controls, with higher sensitivity in those with high FBDSI scores. Controls were less sensitive than C-IBS and D-IBS, with no differences between the two IBS subtypes for pain threshold and tolerance.
A University of Pittsburgh study suggests that standard anti-inflammatory therapy may not be appropriate for many interstitial lung disease patients. The research used DNA microarray chip technology to distinguish between gene expression patterns of different types of interstitial lung diseases, revealing two vastly different condition...
A study by Emory University researchers found that patients with hypersensitivity reactions to drug-eluting stents had a higher risk of cardiovascular complications, including heart attacks. The research suggests that careful monitoring and timely treatment are essential for patients at risk.
Cystic fibrosis patients with inhaled antibiotics show improved lung function and reduced bacterial growth. Effective antibiotic therapy is essential for managing CF lung disease.
A multicenter study of 770 individuals found that a once-daily Abacavir regimen achieved similar virologic responses as the traditional twice-daily dosing regimen, with 66% achieving undetectable HIV-1 RNA levels. The regimen was also found to have a similar safety profile, with minimal hypersensitivity reactions reported.
An interim analysis of a study comparing TDF to EFV in combination with 3TC + ABC found that the TDF arm had a higher rate of virologic non-response. The study included 194 patients and showed that VL <400 copies/mL was achieved in 49% of TDF subjects, compared to 90% of EFV subjects.
The study found that the three-drug combination of abacavir, lamivudine, and efavirenz provided a potent antiretroviral response over 48 weeks. Subjects in the ABC/3TC/EFV group had a significantly better immunologic response compared to those in the ZDV/3TC/EFV group.
A study found that genetic testing can identify HIV patients at risk of a life-threatening hypersensitive reaction to the antiretroviral drug abacavir. Patients with the HLA-B*5701 allele were over 100 times more likely to experience the adverse reaction.
A study found that 74% of patients taking Ziagen/Combivir had viral loads below 400 copies/ml at 24 weeks, compared to 57% on the PI-containing regimen. Patients on Ziagen/Combivir also reported fewer difficulties with their triple regimen. The study assessed efficacy, safety, and patient adherence in therapy-naive patients.
Two studies compare the efficacy and adherence of the triple nucleoside regimen of Ziagen/Combivir versus PI-containing regimens. Preliminary data show that patients on the Ziagen/Combivir regimen had better viral load suppression, with 68% achieving <400 copies/ml at 24 weeks, compared to 57% on the PI-containing regimen.