Researchers developed a new cell-based approach to produce several sugars naturally found in human breastmilk, including complex oligosaccharides. The method involves engineering cultured mammalian cells to express essential enzymes, allowing for the production of structurally diverse HMOs with potential applications in infant nutrition.
SourceInstitute for Glyco-core Research (iGCORE), Tokai National Higher Education and Research System·JournalMetabolic Engineering·TypeExperimental study·DateJul 26, 2026
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Researchers discovered branched O-mannose glycans play a crucial role in maintaining nodes of Ranvier and efficient nerve signaling. The study found that these sugar structures help preserve the narrow architecture required for fast and reliable communication.
SourceInstitute for Glyco-core Research (iGCORE), Tokai National Higher Education and Research System·JournalCommunications Biology·TypeExperimental study·DateJul 15, 2026
A brain enzyme has been found to build polysialic acid chains on itself, regulating its own activity. The sugar chain acts as a switch, suppressing the enzyme's function when attached. Once removed, the enzyme reactivates outside the cell, offering a new mechanism for regulation and repair.
SourceNagoya University·JournalJournal of Biological Chemistry·TypeExperimental study·DateJun 18, 2026
Researchers at Max Planck Institute for the Science of Light create a 'map' of glycocalyx by mapping individual sugar structures using super-high-resolution microscopy technology. The results show that the spatial arrangement of sugar structures relates to cell physiological state, providing a structured display to the outside world.
SourceMax Planck Institute for the Science of Light·JournalNature Nanotechnology·TypeExperimental study·DateMay 15, 2026
Researchers at the University of Cape Town have identified a critical molecular switch that drives the formation of cancer-associated antigens. By understanding how enzymes relocate within a cell, they have uncovered key mechanisms for tumorigenesis.
SourceUniversity of Cape Town - Faculty of Science·JournalNature Communications·TypeExperimental study·DateApr 22, 2026
A team of scientists discovered that the mannose pathway plays a crucial role in regulating cell fate decisions in low glucose environments, particularly in cancer cells. They found that reducing mannose pathway activity led to impaired N-glycan biosynthesis and activated pro-survival signals, which can contribute to cancer progression.
SourceInstitute for Glyco-core Research (iGCORE), Tokai National Higher Education and Research System·JournalJournal of Biological Chemistry·TypeExperimental study·DateMar 3, 2026
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Researchers at the Institute for Glyco-core Research discovered how FUT8 is regulated by proteases SPP and SPPL3, essential for core fucosylation. This understanding may lead to new treatments targeting this cellular pathway, particularly in cancer and immune disorders.
SourceInstitute for Glyco-core Research (iGCORE), Tokai National Higher Education and Research System·JournalJournal of Biological Chemistry·TypeExperimental study·DateFeb 24, 2026
Researchers identified a previously unrecognized metabolic defence mechanism in aggressive brain tumours: a sugar-rich shield that protects tumour cells from ferroptosis. The study found that the sugar shield and lipid droplet storage mechanisms cooperate to evade cell death.
SourceLund University·JournalNature Cell Biology·TypeExperimental study·DateFeb 11, 2026
Research reveals that Sulf1 is essential for both reward-dependent and aversion learning, highlighting its critical role in adult brain function. The enzyme acts through distinct dopamine D1 and D2 receptor pathways, underscoring its importance in neural circuits involved in learning.
SourceUniversity of Tsukuba·JournalJournal of Neurochemistry·DateJan 27, 2026
A brain-specific enzyme reshapes protein-linked sugar chains to facilitate the formation of complex glycans essential for normal brain function. This process is critical for efficient keratan sulfate formation and has implications for research into glycan-related brain disorders.
SourceInstitute for Glyco-core Research (iGCORE), Tokai National Higher Education and Research System·JournalJournal of Biological Chemistry·TypeExperimental study·DateJan 26, 2026
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Researchers at the University of Gothenburg discovered that grey seal milk contains approximately 33% more sugar molecules than breast milk, including unique and powerful compounds against disease-causing bacteria. These findings could lead to improved infant formula and potential applications in human health.
SourceUniversity of Gothenburg·JournalNature Communications·TypeContent analysis·DateNov 25, 2025
Researchers investigated GnT-V, a cancer-related glycosylation enzyme, and found its selectivity relies on protein structure and subcellular trafficking. Two enzymes, metalloproteases, were identified as major substrates in the kidney.
SourceInstitute for Glyco-core Research (iGCORE), Tokai National Higher Education and Research System·JournaliScience·TypeExperimental study·DateNov 7, 2025
Researchers mapped dynamic glycosylation patterns in rat serum proteins, revealing distinct cell-type-specific profiles. Female rats exhibited pronounced daily fluctuations in sugar structures, suggesting regulation by hormonal and circadian cycles.
SourceNational Institutes of Natural Sciences·JournalInternational Journal of Molecular Sciences·TypeExperimental study·DateOct 24, 2025
Researchers transform corn stover into microbial lipids using alkaline storage, gentle steam, and squeeze detoxification. The process delivers high sugar recovery and lipid content, reducing water demand by one-third compared to conventional methods.
SourceJournal of Bioresources and Bioproducts·JournalJournal of Bioresources and Bioproducts·TypeExperimental study·DateOct 15, 2025
Researchers found that a combination of nicotinamide, a-lipoic acid, thiamine, pyridoxamine and piperine reduced AGEs, sticky plaque-like molecules, to curb hunger, lower insulin resistance and extend lifespan in mice. The compounds also reversed some molecular hallmarks of hypothalamic aging.
SourceBuck Institute for Research on Aging·JournalCell Reports·TypeExperimental study·DateOct 14, 2025
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Researchers created a glycan-binding protein that can analyze and treat diseases via sugar patterns found on the surface of cells. The tool, named sCore2, was developed by retraining an enzyme to bind to specific sugars, providing a new way to study glycans and their role in disease.
SourceUniversity at Buffalo·JournalNature Communications·DateAug 14, 2025
Researchers have discovered a natural mechanism by which RNA modifications prevent innate immune activation, raising questions about their potential link to autoimmune disorders. The study found that N-glycans on glycoRNAs block hypermodified RNA bases from inducing immune responses.
SourceBoston Children's Hospital·JournalNature·DateAug 6, 2025
Researchers identified hundreds of hidden binding partners for a blood protein receptor, revealing links to organ dysfunction and increased sepsis risk. The study found that Mrc1's absence led to the accumulation of mannosylated proteins, which disrupted normal physiology and function.
SourceSanford Burnham Prebys·JournalNature Communications·TypeExperimental study·DateJul 29, 2025
A novel fluorescent probe, SLY, has been developed to precisely identify hepatocellular carcinoma tissue using sialylated glycans on the cell surface. The probe outperforms conventional methods by clearly distinguishing tumor margins within liver tissues.
SourcePohang University of Science & Technology (POSTECH)·JournalJournal of the American Chemical Society·DateJul 6, 2025
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A team of researchers has revealed the molecular mechanisms underlying the binding of small extracellular vesicles to host cells, which could lead to the development of more effective cancer treatments. The study found that EVs primarily bind to laminin via CD151-associated integrin heterodimers and GM1, eliciting responses in recipien...
SourceInstitute for Glyco-core Research (iGCORE), Tokai National Higher Education and Research System·JournalJournal of Cell Biology·TypeExperimental study·DateMay 1, 2025
Researchers discovered a new process by which cancer cells use small extracellular vesicles to spread to healthy tissue. The study found that these vesicles are primarily internalized by clathrin-independent endocytosis via galectin-3, which is facilitated by an increase in intracellular calcium concentration.
SourceInstitute for Glyco-core Research (iGCORE), Tokai National Higher Education and Research System·JournalNature Communications·TypeExperimental study·DateMar 14, 2025
Researchers uncover the relationship between lysosomal exocytosis and focal adhesions, structures critical for cell anchoring and communication. The study identifies MYO18B as a key regulator of lysosomal exocytosis through focal adhesion maturation.
SourceInstitute for Glyco-core Research (iGCORE), Tokai National Higher Education and Research System·JournalJournal of Cell Biology·TypeExperimental study·DateJan 15, 2025
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Researchers found that glycans attached to glycosylation enzymes' lectin domains inhibit the enzymes' activity, leading to self-regulation of their own biosynthesis. This unique mechanism sheds light on how glycosylation enzymes choose their substrate proteins in cells.
SourceInstitute for Glyco-core Research (iGCORE), Tokai National Higher Education and Research System·JournaliScience·TypeExperimental study·DateOct 29, 2024
Biologists discovered a key enzyme's interaction with a small structure in glycans that contributes to the malfunctioning of carbohydrates' attachment process. This process is essential for numerous physiological processes and can lead to diseases such as cancer, diabetes, Alzheimer's, and muscular dystrophy.
SourceInstitute for Glyco-core Research (iGCORE), Tokai National Higher Education and Research System·JournalJournal of Biological Chemistry·TypeExperimental study·DateJun 26, 2024
Researchers have created an 'immune cell map' that reveals the origin of neutrophils' subcellular response to microbes. The study found that a specific type of glycoprotein is responsible for the restricted subcellular origin, and this discovery may lead to refined personalized immune responses.
SourceInstitute for Glyco-core Research (iGCORE), Tokai National Higher Education and Research System·JournalProceedings of the National Academy of Sciences·TypeExperimental study·DateOct 1, 2023
Researchers from Rice University and Baylor College of Medicine are developing a new 'glyco-immune' checkpoint inhibitor to train the immune system to target and kill breast cancer metastasis in bones. The therapy has shown promise in preliminary tests, including eradicating cancer in some animals.
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Researchers studied cavefish metabolism to understand how humans might adapt over long periods of inactivity, finding genetic changes that enable muscle endurance and efficient energy storage. The study suggests potential implications for understanding and mitigating the negative effects of sedentary lifestyles on human health.
SourceStowers Institute for Medical Research·JournalProceedings of the National Academy of Sciences·TypeExperimental study·DateJan 24, 2023
Researchers discovered that brown algae's fucoidan can remove large amounts of carbon dioxide from the global cycle in the long term. The fucoidan is a recalcitrant molecule that does not return to the atmosphere quickly, making the brown algae particularly effective in removing carbon dioxide from the atmosphere.
SourceMax Planck Institute for Marine Microbiology·JournalProceedings of the National Academy of Sciences·TypeExperimental study·DateDec 26, 2022
Researchers at University of Copenhagen discover that plants use stress hormone ABA to reorganize their roots and grow away from salty areas. This mechanism could lead to the development of more salt-tolerant crops, reducing crop yields loss due to salinity.
SourceUniversity of Copenhagen - Faculty of Science·JournalDevelopmental Cell·DateNov 2, 2022
Researchers at NTU Singapore's Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine found that saturated fatty acids degrade protein FIT2, leading to insulin-producing cells' loss of function and death. This impairs the body's ability to secrete enough insulin, resulting in diabetes.
SourceNanyang Technological University·JournalProceedings of the National Academy of Sciences·DateApr 17, 2022
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Researchers have identified a novel enzyme that catalyzes the formation of glycosidic bonds in complex sugar moieties. The discovery provides fresh insights into carbohydrate metabolism and offers a breakthrough for the synthesis of sugar chains, which play key roles in various biological processes.
SourceTokyo University of Science·JournalJournal of Biological Chemistry·TypeExperimental study·DateMar 7, 2022
Researchers found that sugar-decorated proteins in mucus can bind to the coronavirus, keeping it from infecting cells. This discovery may explain why SARS-CoV-2 is more likely to spread through airborne droplets rather than surface transmission.
SourceAmerican Chemical Society·JournalACS Central Science·DateMar 2, 2022
Scientists identified multiple enzymes involved in C-glycoside metabolism, revealing a common reaction mechanism in both intestinal and soil bacteria. This discovery could provide insight into how the body breaks down these molecules and potentially lead to new treatments for diseases.
SourceUniversity of Tsukuba·JournalNature Communications·DateNov 16, 2021