Articles tagged with Side Chains
Comprehensive exploration of living organisms, biological systems, and life processes across all scales from molecules to ecosystems. Encompasses cutting-edge research in biology, genetics, molecular biology, ecology, biochemistry, microbiology, botany, zoology, evolutionary biology, genomics, and biotechnology. Investigates cellular mechanisms, organism development, genetic inheritance, biodiversity conservation, metabolic processes, protein synthesis, DNA sequencing, CRISPR gene editing, stem cell research, and the fundamental principles governing all forms of life on Earth.
Comprehensive medical research, clinical studies, and healthcare sciences focused on disease prevention, diagnosis, and treatment. Encompasses clinical medicine, public health, pharmacology, epidemiology, medical specialties, disease mechanisms, therapeutic interventions, healthcare innovation, precision medicine, telemedicine, medical devices, drug development, clinical trials, patient care, mental health, nutrition science, health policy, and the application of medical science to improve human health, wellbeing, and quality of life across diverse populations.
Comprehensive investigation of human society, behavior, relationships, and social structures through systematic research and analysis. Encompasses psychology, sociology, anthropology, economics, political science, linguistics, education, demography, communications, and social research methodologies. Examines human cognition, social interactions, cultural phenomena, economic systems, political institutions, language and communication, educational processes, population dynamics, and the complex social, cultural, economic, and political forces shaping human societies, communities, and civilizations throughout history and across the contemporary world.
Fundamental study of the non-living natural world, matter, energy, and physical phenomena governing the universe. Encompasses physics, chemistry, earth sciences, atmospheric sciences, oceanography, materials science, and the investigation of physical laws, chemical reactions, geological processes, climate systems, and planetary dynamics. Explores everything from subatomic particles and quantum mechanics to planetary systems and cosmic phenomena, including energy transformations, molecular interactions, elemental properties, weather patterns, tectonic activity, and the fundamental forces and principles underlying the physical nature of reality.
Practical application of scientific knowledge and engineering principles to solve real-world problems and develop innovative technologies. Encompasses all engineering disciplines, technology development, computer science, artificial intelligence, environmental sciences, agriculture, materials applications, energy systems, and industrial innovation. Bridges theoretical research with tangible solutions for infrastructure, manufacturing, computing, communications, transportation, construction, sustainable development, and emerging technologies that advance human capabilities, improve quality of life, and address societal challenges through scientific innovation and technological progress.
Study of the practice, culture, infrastructure, and social dimensions of science itself. Addresses how science is conducted, organized, communicated, and integrated into society. Encompasses research funding mechanisms, scientific publishing systems, peer review processes, academic ethics, science policy, research institutions, scientific collaboration networks, science education, career development, research programs, scientific methods, science communication, and the sociology of scientific discovery. Examines the human, institutional, and cultural aspects of scientific enterprise, knowledge production, and the translation of research into societal benefit.
Comprehensive study of the universe beyond Earth, encompassing celestial objects, cosmic phenomena, and space exploration. Includes astronomy, astrophysics, planetary science, cosmology, space physics, astrobiology, and space technology. Investigates stars, galaxies, planets, moons, asteroids, comets, black holes, nebulae, exoplanets, dark matter, dark energy, cosmic microwave background, stellar evolution, planetary formation, space weather, solar system dynamics, the search for extraterrestrial life, and humanity's efforts to explore, understand, and unlock the mysteries of the cosmos through observation, theory, and space missions.
Comprehensive examination of tools, techniques, methodologies, and approaches used across scientific disciplines to conduct research, collect data, and analyze results. Encompasses experimental procedures, analytical methods, measurement techniques, instrumentation, imaging technologies, spectroscopic methods, laboratory protocols, observational studies, statistical analysis, computational methods, data visualization, quality control, and methodological innovations. Addresses the practical techniques and theoretical frameworks enabling scientists to investigate phenomena, test hypotheses, gather evidence, ensure reproducibility, and generate reliable knowledge through systematic, rigorous investigation across all areas of scientific inquiry.
Study of abstract structures, patterns, quantities, relationships, and logical reasoning through pure and applied mathematical disciplines. Encompasses algebra, calculus, geometry, topology, number theory, analysis, discrete mathematics, mathematical logic, set theory, probability, statistics, and computational mathematics. Investigates mathematical structures, theorems, proofs, algorithms, functions, equations, and the rigorous logical frameworks underlying quantitative reasoning. Provides the foundational language and tools for all scientific fields, enabling precise description of natural phenomena, modeling of complex systems, and the development of technologies across physics, engineering, computer science, economics, and all quantitative sciences.
Researchers successfully developed CoQ10-producing rice through targeted gene editing, offering a cost-effective approach to nutritional fortification. The discovery provides great potential benefit for human health, particularly heart protection, and expands the food sources of CoQ10.
Researchers at UVA have developed a new polymer design that decouples stiffness and stretchability, allowing materials to be both strong and flexible. The 'foldable bottlebrush polymer networks' can store extra length within their structure, enabling them to elongate up to 40 times more than standard polymers without weakening.
Researchers at GIST developed high-performance OECT devices based on poly(diketopyrrolopyrrole) (PDPP)-type polymers, achieving high charge carrier mobility and volumetric capacitance values. The optimized material exhibited a figure-of-merit value of over 800 F V^-1 cm^-1 s^-1.
A research team from Tokyo University of Science has developed a new method to create copolymers with different metal species, which have potential uses in catalysis and drug discovery. The technique allows for controlling the composition of metal species in the resulting polymer.
A cross-disciplinary team at the University of Illinois used automated synthesis to discover a new mechanism for high conductance in organic electronics applications. The technology rapidly scanned through a library of molecules and uncovered unexpectedly high conductance, dependent on concentration and surface adsorption.
Researchers from Tokyo University of Science have designed a tunable physical reservoir device based on dielectric relaxation at an electrode-ionic liquid interface. The system can store and process analog signals, enabling real-time processing of signals in living environments.
Researchers have imaged an enzyme involved in carbapenem biosynthesis, shedding light on the process of creating a potent side chain that makes these antibiotics effective against antibiotic-resistant bacteria. The discovery could lead to improved antibiotics and new strategies for combating bacterial resistance.
Researchers discovered an enzyme from Amazon fungus Trichoderma harzianum capable of breaking down diverse plant biomass sugars, enhancing the efficiency of second-generation ethanol production. The enzyme's industrial use is now viable at low cost due to genetic engineering techniques.
Researchers at NIMS and RIKEN successfully synthesized the longest bottlebrush polymer ever made, reaching a length of 7 μm. This achievement has significant implications for the development of flexible and low-friction polymeric materials.
Researchers at Peking University developed a new fluorinated fused-ring electron acceptor with 3D stacking and exciton and charge transport, leading to improved efficiency in organic solar cells. The OSCs based on FINIC showed an efficiency of 14.0%, significantly higher than nonfluorinated INIC-based cells.
Scientists have discovered that the natural amino acid methionine provides plasticity to spider silk proteins, increasing strength and elasticity. This finding has potential applications in industries such as aviation and textile production.
A new process uses radicals to oxidize polypropylene's methyl groups, making it reactive without breaking the polymer chain. This selective oxidation results in a hydrophilic surface with carboxylic acid groups, enabling surface modification and dyeing.
Franz-Ulrich Hartl and Arthur L. Horwich's pioneering discoveries on assisted protein folding highlighted the importance of cellular quality assurance. They elucidated key aspects of the chaperone machinery and its role in neurodegenerative diseases, such as Alzheimer's dementia and Parkinson's disease.
Researchers at Sichuan University developed a synthetic analogue to vulcanized natural rubber by attaching short protein chains to the polymer backbone. This results in a self-reinforcing effect under strain, making the material tougher and more recyclable. The new rubber's properties closely resemble those of vulcanized natural rubber.
Researchers have developed a biocompatible synthetic material that replicates tissue mechanics and alters color when it changes shape, like chameleon skin. The material is composed of a unique triblock copolymer with carefully selected structural parameters, exhibiting flexibility, strain profile, and optical properties.
Researchers designed new therapeutic DNA aptamers with diverse side chains to enhance interaction with targets. The study found that the hydrophobicity of side chains affects clearance from the bloodstream, providing a guide for designing better aptamers.
Researchers developed a new n-type semiconducting polymer with superior electron mobility and oxidative stability, boosting charge transport in polymer semiconductors. The modified polymer formed a superstructure composed of polymer backbone crystals and side-chain crystals, resulting in high semicrystalline order.
Scientists develop method to produce polymers mimicking proteins' versatility and structure, using triazine-based polymer TZP. The resulting material has non-covalent bonds and side chains arranged in specific positions.
Researchers at ETH Zurich developed a versatile polymer coating with covalent bonds to various materials, preventing biofouling in biomedical diagnostics and medical technology. The 'Swiss army knife' molecule offers simple dip-and-rinse application and withstands harsh conditions.
Researchers at the University of Michigan have developed a new material that stays liquid at temperatures below its expected freezing point but crystallizes upon writing or rubbing. This unique property makes it highly sensitive to pressure and could lead to breakthroughs in biosensors, optical memory, and electronic devices.
Researchers have developed a new method for studying protein motion by freezing and then slowly 'waking' them up with increasing temperature. This approach, using variable-temperature solid-state NMR, reveals a hierarchical sequence of protein motions, allowing scientists to study individual motions and their interactions.
Detailed studies reveal an unusual bilayer lamellar structure in a top-performing organic photovoltaic material. This structure may contribute to the material's superior performance, offering clues for guiding the synthesis of new materials.
A team of UC San Diego bioengineers created a self-healing hydrogel that can bind in seconds and withstand repeated stretching. The material has numerous potential applications, including targeted drug delivery, industrial sealants, and self-healing plastics.
Researchers developed a simple way to create short, spiral-shaped polypeptide chains that dissolve in water, which could be used as building blocks for self-assembling nanostructures and agents for drug delivery. The method involves elongating side chains to increase solubility while maintaining helical structure.
Researchers at the University at Buffalo have developed two new ways to staple peptide helices, which could help speed the development of peptide-based drugs against diseases like cancer. The techniques simplify existing methods and offer new targets for therapies.
Researchers at Duke University Medical Center discovered a subtle 'backrub' motion in proteins, which could have important implications for understanding protein evolution and design. The study found that this motion is common in proteins frozen in crystals and may be even more prevalent in liquid environments.
A team of researchers has successfully enhanced the structure of paclitaxel, a widely used anticancer drug, to make it more effective against cancer cells. The new design, validated by computer modeling and experiments, results in an analog that is 20 times more active than natural paclitaxel in one assay.
Researchers at Virginia Tech have developed a new paclitaxel analog that is more effective than the natural compound in killing cancer cells. The analog has been shown to be up to 20 times more active in one assay and three times more deadly to cancer cells than current treatments.