Genetic risk factor and viral infection jointly contribute to MS
Research reveals molecular interaction between environmental and genetic risk factors triggers MS. EBV and gene variants HLA-DR15 haplotype play key roles in disease onset.
Antigen Presenting Cells
Articles tagged with Antigen Presenting Cells
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Fabrication of polymethyl methacrylate microspheres for improving immunogenicity of tetanus toxoid
The study utilized biocompatible polymethyl methacrylate microspheres for controlled antigen delivery, demonstrating improved immunogenicity of tetanus toxoid. Microsphere formulations showed significant immune response, with optimal polymer concentrations required to meet I.P. requirements.
Neoself-antigens induce autoimmunity in lupus
Researchers found that neoself-antigens, presented on MHC-II, induce an immune response and lead to autoimmunity in lupus patients. EBV reactivation increases the presentation of these antigens, triggering T cell activation and autoimmune disease development.
Possible trigger for autoimmune diseases discovered: B cells teach T cells which targets must not be attacked
Researchers have discovered a previously unknown mechanism behind immune tolerance, where B cells teach T cells to ignore the body's own proteins. This failure can lead to autoimmune diseases such as Multiple Sclerosis-like Neuromyelitis optica.
Study in SARS-CoV2infected mice may lay the groundwork for novel therapies to reduce the severity of COVID-19
Researchers found that lymphoid depletion lesions in the spleen of SARS-CoV2-infected mice may trigger novel therapies to restore defective antigen-presenting cell functions in humans. The severity of COVID-19 varies significantly, with dysregulated immune responses linked to poor outcomes.
CAR-T cell cancer immunotherapy gets personal
Researchers at Harvard's Wyss Institute developed a method to fine-tune CAR-T cell stimulation using artificial antigen-presenting scaffolds. This approach enhances consistency and potency of resulting CAR-T cell products, allowing for better cancer treatment outcomes.
Road signs for immune defense cells
A recent international study has shed light on the inner workings of the adaptive immune response, revealing how killer T cells recognize viral invaders using molecular road signs. The study highlights the crucial role of chaperones in ensuring the stability and longevity of these road signs, allowing for more effective detection and d...
Illumination of immune checkpoint LAG3 ‘black box’ could yield new cancer and autoimmune therapies
Researchers have shed light on how immune checkpoint protein LAG3 modulates T cell activity, providing crucial information for the development of new LAG3-blocking therapies. The study found that LAG3 suppresses T cell activation by disrupting coreceptor-Lck association, even in the absence of MHC Class II molecules.
Connecting obesity, diabetes and the immune system using bioinformatics
A study by Michigan Medicine researchers found that people with diabetes have more macrophages in their fat tissue, particularly the anti-inflammatory CD206+ subtype. This subtype is unique in terms of gene expression and may play a role in the development of diabetes.
Single-cell spatial analysis may help predict response to neoadjuvant immunotherapy in triple-negative breast cancer
Researchers used imaging mass cytometry to analyze protein expression and cell location in tumor samples. High density of antigen-presenting cells with high PD-L1 and IDO expression was associated with higher pathological complete response rate in patients treated with atezolizumab plus chemotherapy.
New COVID vaccine design is easier to manufacture, doesn’t need cold storage
A new protein-based vaccine design has been developed that elicits strong immune responses in mice and does not require cold storage. The technology targets antigen-presenting cells directly, potentially filling global vaccination gaps and offering a manufacturing advantage over existing COVID vaccines.
New cell type in human skin discovered to contribute to inflammatory skin diseases like atopic dermatitis and psoriasis
Researchers identified a new cell type in human skin contributing to AD and psoriasis, highlighting potential therapeutic targets. The study revealed CD14+ type 3 dendritic cells co-producing IL1B and IL23A, essential for PSO pathogenesis.
STING activation reduces graft-versus-host disease in a mouse model
Researchers found that activating STING molecule reduced GVHD severity and mortality rates in a mouse model. The study suggests that a STING-activating drug might protect bone marrow transplant recipients from GVHD.
How a little-known glycoprotein blocks a cancer cell's immune response
Researchers have identified a little-known glycoprotein called stanniocalcin-1 that blocks the immune system's ability to fight cancer cells. By targeting this pathway, scientists hope to improve response rates to cancer immunotherapy treatments.
A novel mechanism that triggers a cellular immune response
Researchers at Baylor College of Medicine propose a novel mechanism that directs the immune response toward a cellular type, involving Major Histocompatibility Complex proteins. This mechanism may offer a valuable opportunity to design vaccines for more effective and durable cell-based immunity against viral diseases and cancers.
Newly discovered cell type plays crucial role in immune response to respiratory infections
Researchers have identified a new type of antigen-presenting immune cell that plays a crucial role in the immune response to respiratory virus infections. This discovery could explain how convalescent plasma boosts immune responses and offers new therapeutic opportunities for treating viral infections.
Identification of lymph node cells that may play important roles in immune tolerance
Researchers at Kanazawa University identified a new type of cell in lymph nodes that may play a crucial role in maintaining immune tolerance. These Aire ILC3-like cells are similar to innate lymphoid cells found in the gut and have been shown to eliminate auto-reactive T cells, suggesting they may help prevent autoimmune diseases.
For infection-fighting cells, a guideline for expanding the troops
A team from Princeton University used mathematical modeling to explore the relationship between T cell expansion and infectious agent levels. They found that the starting amount of infectious agent and affinity for the cells are key factors in determining the expansion rate. The study suggests a simple underlying mechanism governing th...
The immune system: T cells are built for speed
Researchers at TU Wien have rethought the distribution of T cell receptors, suggesting a random arrangement that enables rapid immune reactions. This new understanding may lead to improved medical treatments and better comprehension of the initial stages of identifying pathogens.
How good bacteria can help keep a gut healthy
Research reveals that good bacteria interact with epithelial cells and immune system cells to balance immune responses and protect the gut from inflammation. Manipulating the microbiota may offer therapeutic benefits for conditions like inflammatory bowel disease.
New compound helps activate cancer-fighting T cells
A new compound, AH10-7, has been identified as a powerful activator of human invariant natural killer T (iNKT) cells, a key player in the immune system's fight against cancer. The compound is highly effective and selective, encouraging iNKT cells to release specific proteins that stimulate anti-tumor immunity.
Who might benefit from immunotherapy? New study suggests possible marker
Researchers found a link between PD-L1 expression in antigen presenting cells and clinical response to treatment in melanoma and ovarian cancer patients. This suggests that current biomarkers, such as tumor PD-L1 expression, may not be reliable indicators of immunotherapy efficacy.
Monocytes have many faces
An international research team has discovered that monocyte-derived cells are a diverse mixture, differing from dendritic cells. This diversity affects the immune system's response to tumor cells, impacting cancer immunotherapy success rates.
Video imaging reveals how immune cells sense danger
Researchers used cutting-edge techniques to capture videos of T cell surface dynamics, revealing microvilli crawl independently in fractal geometry to explore antigen-presenting cells. This efficient search pattern allows T cells to thoroughly sample their environment in just minutes, optimizing immune response.
Revised understanding of graft-versus-host disease origins offers new direction for potential therapy
Researchers have discovered that structural and connective cells in the lymphatic system called stromal cells are major players in priming donated immune cells to attack the host's body. Disrupting a critical signaling pathway during the first 48 hours can provide long-term protection against graft-versus-host disease.
With NIH award, professor aims to ease a 'bottleneck' in vaccine development
Professor Shashi Murthy is developing a novel microfluidic system to automate the process of creating dendritic cells, essential for effective vaccines. The new instrument aims to reduce the manual process from 16 steps to a fully-automated system, potentially cutting timeframes to six days.
Human cancer prognosis is related to newly identified immune cell
A new study by University of California, San Francisco researchers has discovered a rare population of immune cells associated with less severe cancer outcomes in humans. These 'good' cells, known as antigen-presenting CD103+ dendritic cells, are found in most tumors and may hold therapeutic potential.
Cystic fibrosis: Additional immune dysfunction discovered
Research found that cystic fibrosis patients have a deficiency in the immune system, specifically with HLA-DQ molecules on their cells. This deficiency affects the body's ability to fight off infections and is linked to the disease's progression.
Vaccine adjuvant uses host DNA to boost pathogen recognition
Researchers at National Jewish Health discovered that alum, a common vaccine adjuvant, works by coating with host DNA, inducing T cells to interact longer with the vaccine, resulting in a stronger immune response. This breakthrough could lead to more effective vaccines and improved public health outcomes.
A vaccine for heart disease? La Jolla Institute discovery points up this possibility
Researchers have identified CD4 T cells as the key players in an autoimmune response that fuels inflammation in the artery wall, leading to plaque buildup. A potential vaccine could target this response, offering a new approach to preventing heart disease.
Caltech biologists discover how T cells make a commitment
T cells decide on their identity when they begin expressing the Bcl11b gene, which acts as a transcription factor to control other genes. The activation of Bcl11b is crucial for T cells to maintain their identity and undergo the conversion process in the thymus.
Towards improved immunotherapy
A study published in Clinical Immunology describes a new method to induce regulatory T cells, which show great potential for treating autoimmune diseases and improving transplant outcomes. The method uses an inexpensive and simple high-yield approach to generate large amounts of these immune suppressive cells.
Research reveals inner workings of immune system 'thermostat'
New research reveals that the immune system's 'thermostat' operates in harmony, with pro-inflammatory and anti-inflammatory compounds working together to regulate inflammation. Interleukin 10 production is triggered by Interferon-γ and an antigen-presenting cell, highlighting a dynamic and coordinated response.
A protein in the eye may prevent immune response and protect eyes from disease
Researchers discovered a protein in the eye that prevents the immune system from responding to foreign invaders, protecting delicate tissue. The F4/80 molecule plays a crucial role in 'immune privilege,' preventing inflammation and immune activation in privileged sites.
Leprosy microbes lead scientists to immune discovery
Researchers identify two distinct cell types, macrophages and dendritic cells, that form the body's emergency response to foreign bacteria. These cells play a crucial role in developing protective immunity against leprosy and other diseases.
Newly discovered 'branding' process helps immune system cells pick their fights
A newly discovered 'branding' process in immune system cells may help the immune system determine which infections to fight, potentially leading to new vaccine strategies. The discovery also sheds light on autoimmune conditions such as rheumatoid arthritis and type 1 diabetes.
Yale scientist studying virus infections named Burroughs Wellcome Investigator
Akiko Iwasaki, Yale assistant professor of immunobiology, has been awarded the Burroughs Wellcome Investigator in Pathogenesis in Infectious Diseases Award. She aims to understand how mucosal lining cells interact with viruses and trigger immune responses.
Educating immune system may ease future use of stem cells
Researchers successfully coaxed human embryonic stem cells into antigen presenting cells that educate the immune system. These cells can control T cell responses, potentially reducing rejection rates for transplanted tissues.
Protein may help prevent autoimmune attacks
Researchers discovered a protein, H2-DM, that helps distinguish between foreign and native proteins in the immune system. This distinction is crucial to prevent autoimmune conditions like diabetes, lupus, and arthritis.
Regulatory T cells keep graft-versus-host disease in check
Researchers have developed a protocol to expand regulatory T cells ex vivo, which can induce tolerance to donor tissue and control graft-versus-host disease. This approach may lead to the development of new clinical trials using CD4+CD25+ regulatory T cells.
Immune alarm system can both amplify and silence alerts, scientists find
Researchers discover that the immune synapse theory suggests the synapse is linked to both activating and deactivating T cells, with its ability to amplify signals also shutting down messages in later stages. The findings confirm key concepts in the immune synapse theory.
Adhesive interactions in contact dermatitis
Researchers investigated adhesive interactions in contact dermatitis, a common skin condition. Key findings indicate that adhesions play a significant role in the development and progression of this disease.