Articles tagged with Meiosis
Comprehensive exploration of living organisms, biological systems, and life processes across all scales from molecules to ecosystems. Encompasses cutting-edge research in biology, genetics, molecular biology, ecology, biochemistry, microbiology, botany, zoology, evolutionary biology, genomics, and biotechnology. Investigates cellular mechanisms, organism development, genetic inheritance, biodiversity conservation, metabolic processes, protein synthesis, DNA sequencing, CRISPR gene editing, stem cell research, and the fundamental principles governing all forms of life on Earth.
Comprehensive medical research, clinical studies, and healthcare sciences focused on disease prevention, diagnosis, and treatment. Encompasses clinical medicine, public health, pharmacology, epidemiology, medical specialties, disease mechanisms, therapeutic interventions, healthcare innovation, precision medicine, telemedicine, medical devices, drug development, clinical trials, patient care, mental health, nutrition science, health policy, and the application of medical science to improve human health, wellbeing, and quality of life across diverse populations.
Comprehensive investigation of human society, behavior, relationships, and social structures through systematic research and analysis. Encompasses psychology, sociology, anthropology, economics, political science, linguistics, education, demography, communications, and social research methodologies. Examines human cognition, social interactions, cultural phenomena, economic systems, political institutions, language and communication, educational processes, population dynamics, and the complex social, cultural, economic, and political forces shaping human societies, communities, and civilizations throughout history and across the contemporary world.
Fundamental study of the non-living natural world, matter, energy, and physical phenomena governing the universe. Encompasses physics, chemistry, earth sciences, atmospheric sciences, oceanography, materials science, and the investigation of physical laws, chemical reactions, geological processes, climate systems, and planetary dynamics. Explores everything from subatomic particles and quantum mechanics to planetary systems and cosmic phenomena, including energy transformations, molecular interactions, elemental properties, weather patterns, tectonic activity, and the fundamental forces and principles underlying the physical nature of reality.
Practical application of scientific knowledge and engineering principles to solve real-world problems and develop innovative technologies. Encompasses all engineering disciplines, technology development, computer science, artificial intelligence, environmental sciences, agriculture, materials applications, energy systems, and industrial innovation. Bridges theoretical research with tangible solutions for infrastructure, manufacturing, computing, communications, transportation, construction, sustainable development, and emerging technologies that advance human capabilities, improve quality of life, and address societal challenges through scientific innovation and technological progress.
Study of the practice, culture, infrastructure, and social dimensions of science itself. Addresses how science is conducted, organized, communicated, and integrated into society. Encompasses research funding mechanisms, scientific publishing systems, peer review processes, academic ethics, science policy, research institutions, scientific collaboration networks, science education, career development, research programs, scientific methods, science communication, and the sociology of scientific discovery. Examines the human, institutional, and cultural aspects of scientific enterprise, knowledge production, and the translation of research into societal benefit.
Comprehensive study of the universe beyond Earth, encompassing celestial objects, cosmic phenomena, and space exploration. Includes astronomy, astrophysics, planetary science, cosmology, space physics, astrobiology, and space technology. Investigates stars, galaxies, planets, moons, asteroids, comets, black holes, nebulae, exoplanets, dark matter, dark energy, cosmic microwave background, stellar evolution, planetary formation, space weather, solar system dynamics, the search for extraterrestrial life, and humanity's efforts to explore, understand, and unlock the mysteries of the cosmos through observation, theory, and space missions.
Comprehensive examination of tools, techniques, methodologies, and approaches used across scientific disciplines to conduct research, collect data, and analyze results. Encompasses experimental procedures, analytical methods, measurement techniques, instrumentation, imaging technologies, spectroscopic methods, laboratory protocols, observational studies, statistical analysis, computational methods, data visualization, quality control, and methodological innovations. Addresses the practical techniques and theoretical frameworks enabling scientists to investigate phenomena, test hypotheses, gather evidence, ensure reproducibility, and generate reliable knowledge through systematic, rigorous investigation across all areas of scientific inquiry.
Study of abstract structures, patterns, quantities, relationships, and logical reasoning through pure and applied mathematical disciplines. Encompasses algebra, calculus, geometry, topology, number theory, analysis, discrete mathematics, mathematical logic, set theory, probability, statistics, and computational mathematics. Investigates mathematical structures, theorems, proofs, algorithms, functions, equations, and the rigorous logical frameworks underlying quantitative reasoning. Provides the foundational language and tools for all scientific fields, enabling precise description of natural phenomena, modeling of complex systems, and the development of technologies across physics, engineering, computer science, economics, and all quantitative sciences.
A research team at The University of Osaka has identified a parallel pathway involving CENP-C for centromere specification and function. This process is vital for ensuring chromosomes are structured and genes are expressed appropriately.
Scientists have discovered a protein called SCEP3 that ensures even chromosome segregation in plants, preventing infertility and genetic diseases. This finding has implications for plant breeding and understanding human fertility, with the equivalent gene SIX6OS1 potentially playing a role in promoting correct chromosome segregation.
Researchers discovered that sperm mark centromeres with less CENPA, leading to unequal strength between maternal and paternal chromosomes. To compensate, a second protein, CENPC, recruits extra CENPA to the father's chromosomes, equalizing centromeric strength before cell division.
Researchers at Wyss Institute develop in vitro method to induce meiosis in human cells, enabling replication of critical step in egg and sperm cell development. The breakthrough could lead to modeling defects and creating healthy gametes for individuals with infertility.
Researchers from Osaka University found that Foxo3 mediates erroneous cell elimination during vertebrate development, ensuring precise development and cancer prevention. The study identified a specific pathway involving Foxo3, N-cadherin, and reactive oxygen species to eliminate unfit cells with abnormal Shh activity levels.
Live imaging techniques reveal that the secretory pathway plays a crucial role in de novo membrane formation, with Gip1 identified as a key molecule affecting this process. In Gip1-deficient cells, abnormal spore plasma membranes are formed due to defects in regenerating ER exit sites.
Researchers have developed a system to generate clonal sex cells in tomato plants, which they used to design the genomes of offspring. The resulting plants contain the complete genetic information of both parents, offering a potential solution to the labor-intensive and expensive process of producing hybrid seeds.
A team of scientists at Pohang University of Science & Technology uncovered the molecular mechanism responsible for crossover interference during meiosis, a biological process that generates genetically diverse reproductive cells. The findings have significant implications for breeding and cultivating crops with specific desired traits.
A study published in iScience found that DEET can affect meiosis, leading to abnormal chromosome structure and reduced egg cell quality. This raises concerns about the potential reproductive effects of DEET-containing products in humans. Further research is needed to confirm these findings and inform recommendations for balancing disea...
Researchers discovered a trio of protein segments guiding chromosomal interactions in nematodes, shedding light on the complex process. The study, published in PNAS, provides new insights into meiosis and infertility, with implications for human reproductive health.
Researchers discovered that a single mutation in a key synaptonemal complex protein can cause infertility in mice and is likely to have the same effect in humans. This finding may lead to new technologies for treating male infertility by pinpointing the exact location of the defect.
Researchers from Leicester and Nottingham universities have received £600,000 funding to study sexual development and gene shuffling in the malaria parasite. The study aims to uncover new targets for therapies to control disease transmission.
A team of scientists has identified a key protein involved in regulating the second arrest in meiosis II, allowing the matured egg to await fertilization. Cyclin B3 keeps the availability of Emi2 below a critical threshold during the first maturation division, preventing premature arrest.
A study in C. elegans suggests that disrupting meiosis in reproductive cells accelerates aging and triggers a decline in healthspan, similar to humans. The research highlights the importance of reproductive fitness for overall health, with potential applications for early detection and treatment of age-related diseases.
Researchers at Hokkaido University propose two novel hypotheses to address the 'two-fold cost of sex' in sexual reproduction. The first hypothesis suggests that meiosis eliminates harmful mutations through a process known as the 'seesaw effect.' The second hypothesis proposes that anisogamy evolved through 'inflated isogamy,' where lar...
The study reveals that female Prussian carps use hijacked sperm to reproduce, producing only female clones. This unique reproductive method has allowed the species to colonize new habitats and outcompete native species.
A team of scientists has uncovered new information about Mendel's work, revealing that he began with practical objectives as a plant breeder before exploring underlying biological processes. This work laid the foundation for modern genetics and was only recognized 34 years after its publication.
A new diagnostic marker has been identified that predicts successful and efficient oocyte development. The study found that X-chromosome inactivation and reactivation are critical for normal germ cell differentiation.
New research from Rutgers University sheds light on the genetic mechanisms of reproductive disorders, including infertility and miscarriage. The study reveals how the RNA helicase YTHDC2 regulates meiosis, a critical step in egg and sperm development.
A research team discovered that human eggs are missing the protein KIFC1, which acts as a molecular motor to stabilize spindle poles during cell division. This finding opens up new avenues for therapeutic approaches to reduce chromosome segregation errors in human eggs.
Researchers have successfully developed CRISPR-Cas9 inheritance control in male mice by shifting the gene editing window to match the timing of meiosis. This achievement expands the potential for human disease research and environmental applications, offering benefits such as laboratory efficiency improvements and cost savings.
Research from the University of Pennsylvania suggests that certain proteins have evolved to reduce biased chromosome inheritance, potentially avoiding mistakes and birth defects. The study found a parallel pathway suppressing selfish chromosomes, indicating an evolutionary arms race.
A new gene ZFP541 has been discovered by researchers at Kumamoto University to control the completion of meiosis in spermatogenesis. The study found that ZFP541 plays an essential role in regulating meiosis and is expressed in late meiotic prophase, binding to regulatory regions of meiosis-related genes.
A group of geneticists have outlined a plan to increase diversity and inclusion in their community, including boosting representation at academic conferences and addressing obstacles for underrepresented groups in research labs. The action plan aims to improve equity and fairness in the field of genetics and beyond.
Cells introduce hundreds of DNA DSBs to facilitate genetic recombination, but researchers found that approximately 20% of breaks correspond to closely positioned pairs of DSBs, which can initiate recombination at chromosome gaps
Researchers propose a new hypothesis that the Y chromosome is protected from extinction by carrying 'executioner genes' that self-regulate and ensure successful sperm production. These genes, which regulate meiotic silencing, are toxic when activated at the wrong time, protecting the Y chromosome from loss.
A research group at Kumamoto University has discovered a novel gene, C19ORF57, involved in meiotic recombination during sperm production. The gene plays a crucial role in repairing DNA damage, which is essential for maintaining male fertility.
Researchers at Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center have figured out how X and Y chromosomes pair up properly during meiosis. They discovered that a repeated sequence of DNA in the pseudoautosomal region (PAR) attracts double-strand break-related proteins, leading to frequent DNA breaks in this region.
Researchers from CNRS and IGBMC demonstrate that meiosis in mice begins and proceeds normally even without retinoic acid. Meiosis is a crucial process for the transmission of unique sets of genes to offspring, resulting in novel assortments of chromosomes.
A research team has identified reliable reference genes for studying wheat meiosis, enabling precise measurements of gene expression. The discovery will aid future genetic improvement efforts, potentially allowing for manipulation of chromosome associations and integration of genes from other species.
Researchers have developed a live-cell imaging technique that enables the visualization of fundamental processes in flower development and opens up new avenues for research on plant sexual reproduction. The technique, called light sheet fluorescence microscopy (LSFM), records movies of plant reproductive events for the first time.
Researchers at Kumamoto University have discovered the Meiosin gene, which acts as a control tower to switch on hundreds of genes for germ cell formation. This finding has significant implications for reproductive medicine and infertility treatments.
Researchers found that DEHP disrupts meiosis in worms, leading to defects during egg formation and early embryonic development. The chemical causes excessive DNA breaks and interferes with the system that repairs them, resulting in abnormal chromosomes and reduced embryo viability.
Researchers discovered that different mechanisms govern chromosome interaction with the synaptonemal complex, particularly for sex chromosomes like X. The findings highlight the importance of structural features over primary amino acid sequences and suggest a chromosome-specific aspect to human meiotic defects.
The University of Texas at Arlington researcher is using Daphnia, a freshwater microcrustacean, to study the genetic mechanisms of parthenogenesis and its implications for human reproductive health. The study aims to understand how environmental conditions affect the switch between sexual and asexual reproduction in these animals.
Anne Villeneuve, PhD, receives the 2019 Genetics Society of America Medal for her groundbreaking research on meiosis and chromosome inheritance. Her work has significantly impacted our understanding of major aspects of the meiotic program.
Researchers at Stanford University have created a timeline of cells undergoing meiotic transition in corn, revealing two sharp jumps in gene activity. This discovery provides new insights into the process and may help plant breeders create crops with desirable traits.
Researchers discovered a crucial developmental period in male sperm development that enables fathers to pass on genetic information. The study found that the 3D organization of DNA in maturing male reproductive cells is necessary for fertility, with potential implications for reproductive health problems.
Cell biologist Needhi Bhalla's research reveals a complex chromosomal monitoring system that prevents errors during meiosis, a type of cell division. The system involves checkpoints and molecular mechanisms to ensure proper progression of recombination.
A team from the University of Pennsylvania discovered how chromosomes bias their chance of getting into a sex cell by exploiting asymmetry in the cell-division process. This bias can lead to errors in gamete formation, causing miscarriages and conditions like Down's syndrome.
Researchers at the Stowers Institute have solved the three-dimensional structure of the synaptonemal complex, a critical protein complex that ensures proper chromosome sorting during meiosis. The structure is composed of two railroad tracks stacked on top of each other, connecting homologous chromosomes and ensuring smooth cell division.
Research finds that meiosis, a key process in sexual reproduction, takes a heavy toll on offspring viability, affecting various organisms including humans and non-human animals. The study suggests that the advantages of sex must outweigh its drawbacks to be advantageous for evolution.
Researchers at UC Davis have made significant discoveries about the complex process of meiosis, where chromosomes undergo a intricate dance to produce sperm and eggs. The team found that SUMO and ubiquitin proteins play a crucial role in selecting crossover sites, allowing for accurate chromosome distribution.
Researchers found that increased reactive oxygen species in oocytes cause significant chromosome segregation errors, contributing to the maternal age effect. The study suggests that antioxidant-rich diets may slow down the accumulation of oxidative damage, reducing segregation errors.
Scientists at IRB Barcelona discovered a new protein RingoA crucial for meiosis, the cell division process that gives rise to sex cells. The protein is active at telomeres, allowing chromosomes to attach to the nuclear membrane, enabling recombination and DNA exchange.
Researchers at Stowers Institute have mapped where genetic recombination occurs in fruit flies, providing insights into understanding chromosomes and inheritance mechanisms. The study reveals separate mechanisms for crossovers and non-crossovers, with varying distributions and rules for each chromosome arm.
Researchers successfully generated functioning sperm-like cells from mouse embryonic stem cells and produced fertile offspring, providing a potential platform for treating male infertility. The breakthrough overcomes major obstacles to producing functional sperm and egg cells in a dish.
Nancy Kleckner has made significant contributions to understanding chromosomes and mechanisms of inheritance. Her work has transformed methodology, combining traditional genetic approaches with molecular biology and microscopy.
Researchers at RIKEN Center for Developmental Biology found that as egg cells mature in older women, paired chromosomes separate prematurely, leading to early division and incorrect segregation. This results in age-related chromosomal errors, such as Down syndrome and miscarriages.
Researchers discovered an inversion of the standard meiotic phases in plant species with holocentric chromosomes, enabling them to distribute chromosomes correctly. This unique strategy involves an association between homologous non-sister chromatids and thin chromatin threads prior to the second meiotic division.
Scientists have discovered that PP4 protein oversees DNA processing during sperm and egg generation for successful fertilization. The study found that PP4's activity becomes more crucial during aging, indicating a potential role in age-related fertility declines.
Researchers discovered that Topoisomerase II is required to resolve DNA threads connecting homologous chromosomes, allowing them to separate. Without this enzyme, chromosomes get stuck together, preventing meiosis from completing and resulting in infertility and birth defects.
Researchers found a strong, extra-tight linkage that joins sister chromatids in early stages of meiosis, preventing premature separation and misalignment. This discovery sheds light on the mechanisms that ensure proper distribution of chromosomes in healthy cells.
Researchers found that Candida lusitaniae fuses its mating and meiosis programs, expressing genes associated with both processes during each. This 'coupling' offers the yeast an efficient way to split diploid products of mating, maintaining its haploid lifestyle. The discovery challenges understanding of fungal reproduction and evolution.
Researchers at New York University identified a checkpoint that is necessary for a genome's viability and normal development during meiosis. Without this restraining mechanism, chromosomes can become irreversibly broken, leading to birth defects such as Down syndrome.
A research team led by Franz Klein has analyzed the mechanism of meiosis at high resolution, finding that DNA-break machines are tightly associated with chromosomal axis regions. This discovery sheds light on how breaks on chromosomes impede other breaks in their vicinity and how shape changes influence the function of these machines.
Trypanosomes, a distant branch of the eukaryote tree, have been found to reproduce sexually through meiosis, a process previously thought unclear. The study uses fluorescently-tagged proteins to visualize the process inside the tsetse fly.
A study of egg cell division has revealed an 'inside out' mechanism for chromosome separation, which could help explain reproductive problems like Down syndrome and infertility. The researchers used time-lapse microscopy to observe egg cell meiosis with high precision, discovering that chromosomes move apart by being pushed in the middle.
Scientists at UGA develop model showing loss of key protein can lead to aneuploidy, a condition causing birth defects. The research also opens possibility of engineering 'artificial chromosomes' into corn varieties for improved traits.
Researchers in France and Austria have created a strain of plant called MiMe, which produces genetically identical pollen and eggs through mitosis instead of meiosis. This breakthrough has the potential to simplify the creation of stable new mutant crops, paving the way for more efficient crop improvement and propagation.