Articles tagged with Vacuoles
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Researchers have identified a conserved mechanism to protect plant vacuoles from rupturing due to cell wall damage. The study found that the molecule ATG8 is relocated to the vacuole membrane upon disruption of the cell wall, helping to maintain pressure balance.
A ground-breaking study published in Nature Communications sheds light on the intricate mechanisms underlying the virulence of Aspergillus fumigatus, specifically focusing on the crucial role of mycotoxin gliotoxin production. The research team identified pivotal roles played by GliT oxidoreductase and GtmA methyltransferase in the sel...
A recent study published in the Journal of Cell Biology has made significant progress in understanding autophagy and lipid recycling. Researchers used yeast as a model organism to identify key players in the process, including Atg15, Pep4, and Prb1, and demonstrated that Pep4 and Prb1 activate Atg15 to break down phospholipid bilayers.
Researchers at USTC have made significant discoveries about the composition and regulatory mechanism of nucleolar vacuoles in C. elegans. The study used differential interference contrast microscopy and RNAi screening to reveal that specific ribosomal proteins are required for the formation of these structures.
A new study reveals that Salmonella uses a two-pronged approach to protect itself within the host's defense mechanisms, involving protein SopB. By altering phosphoinositide dynamics and preventing lysosome production, SopB allows the bacteria to survive inside macrophages.
A new study at Stanford University found a previously unknown cellular pathway for clearing misfolded proteins from the nucleus. This pathway could be a target for therapies of age-related diseases like Alzheimer's, Parkinson's, and Huntington's. Cells use this pathway to manage misfolded proteins in both the cytoplasm and nucleus.
Researchers at NIH's National Human Genome Research Institute identified a gene, KTD1, that provides resistance to the K28 toxin in yeast. This discovery sheds light on the molecular mechanisms underlying toxin resistance and has implications for understanding human toxin resistance.
Plant cells use a complex 'hub and spoke' system to recycle organelles, involving specialized vesicles and molecular mechanisms. The discovery sheds light on the role of autophagy in plant stress tolerance.
Researchers discovered that autophagy facilitates the elimination of cancer cells via cell competition, highlighting its potential as a target for cancer prevention and treatment. The study sheds light on the role of autophagy in maintaining tissue homeostasis and opening avenues for novel anti-cancer therapeutics.
Researchers at Duke University have discovered a protein called GarD that cloaks Chlamydia bacteria from the host cell's immune system, allowing it to evade detection and elimination. Mutating this protein makes the bacteria vulnerable to destruction, offering new avenues for treatment.
Researchers have identified an important element for electrical communication in plants: the ion channel TPC1. The study reveals how this channel is switched on and off, controlling electrical excitation in plant cells. Understanding TPC1-dependent processes can help better understand similar mechanisms in animal cells.
Researchers discovered that yeast cells can actively regulate temperature-dependent phase separation in their membranes. This process is crucial for membrane function and cell division. By adjusting the temperature, yeast cells can maintain a consistent state of phase separation, which may be essential for optimal cellular performance.
Researchers discover that autophagy preferentially degrades specific mRNA species, including housekeeping mRNAs, and those required for regulatory protein synthesis. This selective degradation process is linked to translation-dependent processes and plays a crucial role in gene regulation.
Researchers identified VEXAS, a severe inflammatory disease caused by UBA1 gene mutations, revealing devastating consequences. The genome-first approach helped uncover the link between disparate diagnoses in patients with undiagnosed inflammatory conditions.
Researchers discovered that TPC1 ion channel contributes to plant excitability, enabling plants to respond to stressors. The study sheds light on plant communication and may lead to breeding more resilient crop varieties.
A newly discovered plant protein complex is crucial for a biological process called vacuole fusion, which is critical to plant growth and development. The study revealed that the curvature of vacuolar membranes plays an important role in their fusion.
Researchers have identified three known SNAREs and a new protein Ykt6 as essential for the fusion of autophagosomes with vacuoles, allowing for efficient cellular waste recycling. This breakthrough study sheds light on the molecular mechanisms underlying autophagy, a vital process in maintaining cellular homeostasis.
Scientists at the University of Washington have discovered that living yeast cell membranes can undergo phase separation, a process where distinct regions enriched in particular protein and lipid types arise. This discovery reveals that cells use demixing as a tool to shape membranes and their functions within a living system.
Researchers at IBS have identified a new mechanism involved in glaucoma development and progression, and found a potential therapeutic option to treat primary open-angle glaucoma. The study highlights the critical role of the angiopoietin-Tie2 system in Schlemm's canal functionality.
Researchers at John Innes Centre identify CrNPF2.9 as key transporter of strictosidine, a central intermediate in monoterpene indole alkaloid biosynthesis; this discovery sheds light on the pathway of MIA compounds produced in the plant.
Researchers have discovered that arsenic accumulates in the nuclei of plants' cells at low concentrations, impairing photosynthesis. The toxic metalloid can cause genetic damage by replacing phosphorus in genes.
Salmonella bacteria have a unique molecular switch called SsrB that allows them to switch from actively causing disease to lurking in a chronic but asymptomatic state called a biofilm. This switch enables the bacteria to survive inside macrophage vacuoles and then form biofilms, which can be resistant to host defenses and antibiotics.
Researchers analyze Cryptosporidium parvum protein involved in energy metabolism, identifying it as a potential target for developing therapeutics. The study found that lactate dehydrogenase inhibitors can inhibit parasite growth and ATP production.
The immune system marks pathogen-containing vacuoles with ubiquitin to trigger destruction, a process that could lead to new therapeutic strategies. Highly virulent strains block this tagging, making them more resistant to host response.
Researchers at the University of Michigan have discovered that a yeast vacuole plays a vital role in initiating the cell-division cycle. The study's findings suggest a 'checkpoint mechanism' that prevents cell-cycle progression if essential organelles aren't present, which could lead to new insights into cancer treatment.
Scientists discover novel proton-pumping pathway in plant cells that allows for hyperacidification of vacuoles, resulting in blue flower colors. This breakthrough could lead to new color varieties and applications in fruit and wine production.
Researchers found that targeting a specific fungal component could render Candida albicans harmless, providing a potential new approach for treating deadly infections. By inhibiting the acidification of the fungal vacuole, the fungus can no longer form deadly filaments, allowing it to coexist peacefully with humans.
Researchers discovered that a structure in yeast cells called the vacuole plays a critical role in aging and mitochondrial function. Calorie restriction was found to delay aging by boosting vacuolar acidity, which may have parallels in human cells.
Researchers have identified the subcellular processing location and target signal of cyclotide kalata B1, a protein found in Congolese child birthing tea. The study reveals that the precursor protein Oak1 is directed to the vacuole through propeptides from the N-terminal region.
Researchers propose a novel mechanism for bioluminescence in dinoflagellates, involving voltage-gated proton channels and luciferase activation. This discovery enhances our understanding of these organisms, some of which produce toxins harmful to the environment.
Researchers developed a novel technique to analyze metabolite concentrations at high spatial resolution in plant cells. The study found that metabolites are regulated and fluctuate under stress conditions, highlighting the role of the vacuole in cellular processes.
Researchers found that resistant horseweed has a pump in the tonoplast membrane that actively moves glyphosate into the vacuole, making it unavailable for translocation. Sensitive plants can't keep up with this rapid shuttle of glyphosate, allowing them to be killed by the herbicide.
Researchers have identified two essential genes that control the accumulation and detoxification of arsenic in plant cells, providing a promising basis for reducing arsenic levels in crops from polluted regions. By controlling these genes, plants can be developed to prevent toxic metal transfer, limiting entry into the food chain.
A team of scientists at TUM has discovered a new protein crucial for the formation of plant cell vacuoles, which store vital substances like proteins and pigments. The protein, known as a 'splitting protein', plays a key role in initiating metabolic processes and assigning tasks to proteins.
Researchers found that a mutant ATPase blocks autophagy partway through, causing multi-tissue degenerative diseases. Mutations in VCP also accumulate p62 and LC3 in muscle tissue, suggesting frustrated autophagosomes. The study aims to determine the mechanism of VCP's promotion of final stages of autophagy.
Researchers at EMBL discovered Vtc4p as the protein responsible for producing polyphosphate chains in yeast, a process crucial for energy storage and other cellular functions. This finding has significant implications for agriculture, including improved crop production and fertilizer development.
Researchers found that 22% of essential human genes are nonessential in mice, and this discrepancy affects waste management. The study's results suggest that efficient waste management became increasingly important as life span increased in humans, making certain genes more essential.
A Dartmouth study found that iron is stored in the developing vascular system of plant seeds, particularly in the vacuole, a central storage site. The researchers' discovery suggests that targeting iron storage in the vacuole could increase the iron content of seeds, benefiting both human health and agricultural productivity.
Researchers discovered how and where plant seeds store iron, a valuable finding to address global iron deficiency and malnutrition. Iron is stored in the vacuole of Arabidopsis seeds, with protein VIT1 playing a key role in its localization.
Researchers at UCR identified a key protein involved in protein processing and degradation in plant vacuoles. This discovery sheds light on the importance of vacuoles in plant physiology and may have significant implications for understanding aging and stress responses in plants.
Researchers at the University of Iowa have identified a protein that couples vacuoles to the organelle transportation system, regulating its movement and delivery. This discovery may improve understanding of embryonic development and have implications for various diseases.
Researchers discovered yeast cells can recycle their nucleus by removing non-essential components, a critical process for maintaining cellular health. This finding has implications for understanding human diseases such as Bloom's disease, where pieces of nuclei are pinched off into the cytoplasm.
Scientists have identified a mechanism by which neutrophils can neutralize disease-causing bacteria like Shigella and Salmonella. Elastase, an enzyme produced by neutrophils, destroys virulent proteins in bacteria, allowing for the mobilization of other defenses that can destroy the bacteria.
Researchers have discovered a new mechanism of membrane fusion in yeast cells, which challenges prior assumptions about the process. The study offers a practical tool to study and modulate fusion events, with potential applications in understanding disease and developing treatments.
Researchers identify genes from a rare Austrian plant that allow it to accumulate large amounts of nickel, enabling the potential to engineer crops to clean up polluted sites. This discovery could also lead to functional foods with micronutrients and improved crop nutrition.