Human Fertilization
Articles tagged with Human Fertilization
IVF hormone add-on does not improve success rates, study finds
An international analysis found that intrauterine administration of human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) before embryo transfer does not increase pregnancy or live birth rates. The study urges patients and clinicians to rethink the commonly offered IVF add-on, citing concerns about unreliable trial data.
University of Cincinnati opens state-of-the-art zebrafish research facility to study infertility
The University of Cincinnati has opened a zebrafish research facility to investigate the effects of environmental contaminants on human fertility. The lab will use zebrafish as a model organism to understand molecular mechanisms behind reproductive biology and infertility.
Human sperm may get lost in space
Researchers found that simulated microgravity reduces the number of human sperm able to navigate through channels like the reproductive tract. Progesterone helps overcome this effect.
IVF not linked to higher overall cancer rates, but study shows differences in some cancers
A large Australian study of over 417,000 women found that fertility treatments were not linked to higher overall cancer rates, but some cancers were slightly more common, while others were less common. Women who received fertility treatment were more likely to develop uterine and ovarian cancer, as well as melanoma, but the overall ris...
Antifibrotic drug shows promise for premature ovarian insufficiency
Researchers found that an approved antifibrotic drug, finerenone, can reduce ovarian fibrosis and promote follicle growth in women with premature ovarian insufficiency. Clinical trials showed that finerenone improved follicle development and mature oocyte quality in women with POI.
Reproduction in space, an environment hostile to human biology
The lack of widely accepted standards for managing reproductive health risks in space is a pressing concern. Limited reliable data from human studies shows that space can be hostile to human biology, with conditions like altered gravity, cosmic radiation, and circadian disruption affecting reproductive processes.
Targeted regulation of abortion providers laws and pregnancies conceived through fertility treatment
A study found that TRAP laws increase maternal morbidity among fertility care patients, while states without such laws have better health outcomes. The study suggests a significant association between TRAP laws and adverse pregnancy outcomes.
Key mechanism for protecting genetic material during reproduction discovered
A team of scientists at the University of Seville identified a key process protecting DNA integrity in reproductive cells, preventing genetic defects during egg formation. The study found that phosphorylation acts as a 'switch' against DNA damage, allowing the genome to repair itself properly during meiosis.
Stowers scientists identify the fusion point of Robertsonian chromosomes, hinting at how chromosomes evolve
Researchers at Stowers Institute for Medical Research have identified the precise location where human chromosomes break and recombine to form Robertsonian chromosomes. The study reveals that repetitive DNA sequences play a central role in genome organization and evolution, explaining how these rearrangements form and remain stable.
3D bioprinted mini placentas could transform pregnancy research
Scientists have achieved a major breakthrough by 3D bioprinting miniature placentas, which can accurately replicate the human placenta. This technology has the potential to transform pregnancy research by allowing for the study of serious complications like preeclampsia.
Breaking the code of sperm motion: Two proteins found to be vital for male fertility
Researchers from The University of Osaka identify CFAP91 and EFCAB5 as crucial proteins for sperm motility. Loss of function in either protein reduces male fertility in mice. Understanding these proteins' functions may help diagnose infertility and develop new treatments.
New method to study embryonic implantation offers hope for assisted reproduction
Researchers developed a technique to study embryonic implantation in mice by keeping mouse uterine tissue alive outside the body. The method showed over 90% efficacy for implantation and provided insights into the maternal-embryonic signaling process.
New theoretical model sheds light on ovarian aging, offering path toward advances in women’s health
Researchers at Rice University developed a mathematical model that sheds light on ovarian aging and menopause timing. The study reveals synchronized and predictable patterns of follicle depletion, accelerating during midlife, which helps explain why menopause typically occurs at similar ages for most women.
Recapitulating egg and sperm development in the dish
Researchers at Wyss Institute develop in vitro method to induce meiosis in human cells, enabling replication of critical step in egg and sperm cell development. The breakthrough could lead to modeling defects and creating healthy gametes for individuals with infertility.
IVF and IUI pregnancy rates remain stable across Europe, despite an increasing uptake of single embryo transfer
Pregnancy rates remained stable for IVF and IUI cycles in 2022, while single embryo transfer usage increased. Clinical pregnancy rates were stable, with singleton delivery rates improving to 91.5%. The use of ART rose by 15.6% despite a slight decline in total treatment cycles.
Older paternal age linked to higher miscarriage risk and lower live birth rates in donor egg IVF cycles, new study finds
A new international study reveals that male partners over 45 carry significantly increased miscarriage risks and lower live birth rates even when young donor eggs are used. The study found that older paternal age is linked to genetic mutations, sperm DNA fragmentation, and epigenetic changes, impairing embryo development.
Sexual selection: Human odor-based mating preferences do not guarantee gamete-level compatibility
A recent study published in Heredity investigated whether female odour-based mating preferences can predict gamete-level compatibility in humans. Women preferred the body odours of MHC-similar men, but sperm from MHC-dissimilar men exhibited higher motility when exposed to female follicular fluid.
Women with infertility history at greater risk of cardiovascular disease after assisted conception
A meta-analysis of 21 studies involving over 178,000 women found that those with infertility history have a 14% increased risk of heart or blood vessel conditions, as well as higher risks of heart disease and stroke. Younger women and those undergoing fertility treatments are at greater risk.
World’s first birth following conception with a fully automated remotely operated ICSI system
A fully automated ICSI system has successfully conceived the world's first baby, promising to transform fertility treatment with greater standardization and consistency. The system, developed by Conceivable Life Sciences, uses AI to position sperm cells and execute microinjection with unprecedented accuracy.
Battle of the sex chromosomes
A study from Michigan Medicine researchers reveals that X-carrying and Y-carrying sperm compete for binding to Spindlins, influencing gene expression and the sex ratio. The findings suggest that this competition is crucial for maintaining the optimal balance of female and male offspring in mice.
Human urine, a valuable resource as fertilizer for sustainable urban agriculture
The reuse of human urine could significantly reduce the global demand for fertilizers in agriculture, lowering energy consumption and greenhouse gas emissions. Researchers have developed a system to recover nitrogen from urine, which can be used as fertilizer for urban agriculture.
Research shows PTSD, anxiety may affect reproductive health of women firefighters
Research led by University of Arizona researchers found that PTSD and anxiety are associated with lower levels of anti-Müllerian hormone, a marker of ovarian reserve, among women firefighters. The study suggests that mental health conditions can have a negative impact on reproductive health.
IVF pregnancies at greater risk of exposure to medicines that can harm the fetus
A new Australian study found that IVF pregnancies had the highest exposure to teratogenic medicines during the first trimester, compared to naturally conceived pregnancies. The risk was linked to medications used as additional treatment following ART to prevent repeat miscarriages or failed implantation.
Boosting immune cell tolerance may help prevent early pregnancy loss
A new study suggests that boosting T-regulatory cells may improve the chance of healthy pregnancy and reduce miscarriage risk. Researchers found that treatment with interleukin-2 and antibodies targeting these cells improved pregnancy outcomes in mice, reducing miscarriage rates from 30% to 11%.
New study on microRNAs could lead to better fertility treatment
Researchers at Karolinska Institutet have mapped how microRNAs control cell development in the human embryo during the first days after fertilization. The atlas identifies crucial sncRNAs that guide embryonic growth and differentiation, shedding light on how to identify healthy embryos for improved fertility treatment.
Human urine could be used as eco-friendly crop fertilizer - study
Researchers found that stored human urine had little impact on soil bacterial communities, increasing nitrifying and denitrifying groups compared to synthetic fertilizers. The study suggests that recycled urine could enhance agricultural sustainability, reduce wastewater pollution, and decrease reliance on synthetic fertilizers.
Chances of successful pregnancy are the same with embryo transfer on day three or five
A study by Radboud University Medical Center found that IVF success rates are the same whether embryos are transferred on day three or five after fertilization. This allows couples to make a personal decision about the timing of embryo transfer with their doctor.
Chromosome copying errors pinpointed in embryo development
Researchers at RIKEN Center for Biosystems Dynamics found multiple specialized types of DNA replication in early-stage embryos, including a period of instability prone to chromosomal copying errors. This discovery could lead to improved methods of in vitro fertilization (IVF) and better strategies for minimizing chromosomal abnormalities.
Gestational carriers face higher health risks during pregnancy compared to IVF and natural conceptions, new study shows
A new study has found that gestational carriers experience a severe maternal morbidity rate of 7.1%, significantly higher than unassisted conceptions (2.4%) and IVF conceptions (4.6%). Gestational carriers are also at risk for postpartum haemorrhages and hypertensive disorders, which can be serious complications during pregnancy.
Study on fruit flies could benefit eggs of older women
Researchers at Dartmouth College found that fruit fly oocytes can renew chromosome-linking proteins, potentially helping older women reduce pregnancy complications. The discovery could lead to new therapeutic strategies for enhancing protein rejuvenation in human eggs.
How does the body avoid that multiple sperm fertilize an egg?
Scientists at Karolinska Institutet have found the atomic architecture of the egg coat that permanently blocks polyspermy, a pathologic condition leading to embryo development failure. This discovery reveals genetic mutations causing infertility and holds promise for developing non-hormonal contraceptives.
Scientists successfully simulate protein complex that initiates fertilization
Researchers at ETH Zurich successfully simulated the protein complex JUNO-IZUMO1, which initiates fertilization. The simulations revealed a network of short-lived contacts between the proteins and showed how zinc ions destabilize the complex, preventing further sperm penetration.
Clear legal rules about the use of sperm and eggs in fertility treatment must remain to protect the vulnerable, study says
A new study emphasizes the importance of strict legal rules governing fertility treatment in the UK, warning that recent court cases could create a common law exception to informed consent. The research highlights the need for rigorous consent regimes to protect vulnerable patients from exploitation and misuse of genetic material.
Noninvasive test for embryo quality could streamline fertility treatment
Scientists at University of California San Diego have developed a noninvasive approach to detect exRNA molecules in leftover culture media, which can help predict embryo quality and IVF success. By analyzing these molecules, the researchers were able to replicate morphological measurements used in current embryo tests.
Infertility: Sperm need a breakthrough for fertilization
Researchers found that about one in a hundred infertile men with normal semen parameters have a loss of CatSper function, leading to failure of fertilization and medically assisted reproduction. The discovery enables evidence-based treatment and diagnosis of this channelopathy.
Mathematicians “thread the needle” to improve IVF success rates
Researchers redesigned IVF needles to reduce fluid flow damage to eggs, improving oocyte collection and IVF success rates. The study uses computer models and mathematical simulations to optimize the design, which has been successfully tested in cattle, with plans for human trials.
Deciphering reproductive aging in women using a NOD/SCID mouse model
Researchers created an immunodeficient mouse model of physiological ovarian aging, mirroring female fertility decline with age. The study found decreased oocyte quality, impaired follicle activation and growth, and increased mitochondrial dysfunctions in Old mice.
Sperm adjust their swimming style to adapt to fluctuating fluid conditions
Researchers found that sperm flagellar waveforms are primarily influenced by viscosity rather than shear rate, promoting energy-efficient beating behavior. Sperm adjust their power generation to respond to fluid dynamics, enabling efficient swimming against the flow in high-viscosity media.
Metaphors for human fertilization are evolving, study shows
A new study by Yale sociologist Rene Almeling found that despite the shift in social and scientific views on gender, sex, and sexuality, a common metaphor of active sperm penetrating a passive egg remains widely used. However, another more egalitarian metaphor describing sperm and egg as two halves of a whole is also circulating.
Researchers studied thousands of fertility attempts hoping to improve IVF
Scientists analyzed nearly 1,000 IVF embryos to understand why some fail to develop, finding that genetic errors in cell division are more common than thought. The study reveals potential ways to improve IVF outcomes by changing the fertility treatment process and understanding the earliest stages of pregnancy.
Researchers uncover enzyme important in reproductive biological clock
A novel mitochondrial enzyme was identified as key to reproductive aging, increasing oocyte clustering with age and affecting fertility
New diagnostic finds intact sperm in infertile men
Researchers developed a noninvasive diagnostic test to identify intact sperm in infertile men with nonobstructive azoospermia. The test uses protein biomarkers AKAP4 and ASPX to visualize well-developed sperm, potentially increasing success rates for surgical sperm extraction. This breakthrough may lead to new male birth control drugs ...
New technology to select healthier sperm for IVF success
Scientists have developed a new microfluidic sperm selection device to improve IVF success rates. The device replicates the natural sperm selection process, resulting in an 85% improvement in DNA integrity and a 90% reduction in sperm cell death.
Humans bite back by deactivating mosquito sperm
Researchers at the University of California - Riverside have discovered a way to deactivate mosquito sperm, preventing them from swimming to or fertilizing eggs. This breakthrough could help control populations of Culex mosquitoes that transmit infectious diseases like encephalitis and West Nile Virus.
The giant faba bean genome decoded
The giant faba bean genome has been successfully sequenced, offering insights into its traits such as drought tolerance and protein content. This breakthrough has the potential to improve crop yields and reduce reliance on artificial fertilizers, making faba bean a more attractive crop for sustainable agriculture.
No cap removal, no fertilization
Researchers from Osaka University have identified a protein called FER1L5 that is crucial for the acrosome reaction, allowing sperm to fertilize eggs. The study found that mice lacking FER1L5 were unable to undergo the acrosome reaction, highlighting the importance of this protein in male fertility.
Poly(A)-tail-mediated remodeling of maternal mRNA controls start of life
Researchers discovered poly(A)-tail-mediated remodeling of maternal mRNA during the oocyte-to-embryo transition, involving partial degradation and re-polyadenylation. This process is essential for human embryo development, as blocked re-polyadenylation leads to failed first embryo cleavage.
Less than four in 100 men accepted to be sperm donors
A recent study found that less than four in 100 men who applied to be sperm donors completed the process, with over half withdrawing before samples were released. The research, published in Human Reproduction, also showed that nearly a fifth of applicants were rejected due to health issues or genetic diseases.
Finding current toilet technology flushes profits, WVU researcher takes aim at turning yellow into green by recycling urine
A WVU engineer has developed a technology that can treat urine on site rather than at a centralized wastewater treatment facility, allowing for the recovery of nitrogen as a valuable fertilizer. The approach enables quick treatment and promotes the reduction of nutrient discharge into lakes and rivers.
Do human embryos and cancer share the same starting fuse?
Researchers have developed a model of how human embryos are formed, revealing that genes are switched on almost immediately after fertilization. This discovery may also shed light on the origins of cancer, which is often diagnosed at an advanced stage.
A missing ‘motor’ causes our eggs to fail
A research team discovered that human eggs are missing the protein KIFC1, which acts as a molecular motor to stabilize spindle poles during cell division. This finding opens up new avenues for therapeutic approaches to reduce chromosome segregation errors in human eggs.
New evidence identified on safety of IVF embryo screening method
Researchers at the University of Kent identified strong evidence-based benefits of preimplantation genetic testing for aneuploidy (PGT-A) in IVF. Live birth rates per embryo transferred and per treatment cycle were significantly higher with PGT-A compared to regular IVF, especially in women over 40.
Tracking global soil salinity
A study analyzing 40 years of topsoil data finds that approximately 11.73 million square kilometers of land were affected by salt accumulation between 1980 and 2018. The likelihood of reoccurring salt-affected soils decreased globally, but certain regions like Brazil and Peru experienced increased soil salinity.
How birds lost their penises
Researchers discovered that birds have normally developing penises in early embryos but lose them through a genetic program, suggesting possible benefits for reproductive control. The study highlights the importance of programmed cell death in developmental processes and may provide insights into medical questions.
An internal cannabinoid-signaling system regulates human sperm, fertilization potential, study finds
Researchers found a cellular signaling system that responds to THC and anandamide regulates sperm functions required for fertilization in humans. Heavy marijuana users may jeopardize fertility by overloading this natural signaling system.
New study establishes when pregnancy starts
Researchers found that fertilized eggs attach themselves to the womb six to 12 days after ovulation, with implantation occurring on day eight being the most successful. The later the attachment takes place, the more likely a pregnancy will end on its own. Day eight appears to be the optimal time for successful implantation.
Embryos that implant in uterus 'late' prove more likely to die in first weeks of pregnancy
Fetuses that implant late in the uterus have a higher risk of dying in the first weeks of pregnancy. The study found that if a fertilized egg implanted on or after day 12, it had an increased chance of loss, with risks reaching as high as 82%. Daily urine testing revealed that these lost fetuses tended to implant later than those that ...