Articles tagged with Bacterial Chromosomes
Researchers at Rice University discovered that bacterial cells use SMC proteins to enable the separation of their circular chromosomes during replication. This process relies on repulsive forces strengthened by SMC, allowing the cell to split neatly into two with its own copy of DNA.
Researchers analyzed 1,240 wastewater samples from 351 cities worldwide and discovered latent antimicrobial resistance genes. The study highlights the need for broader surveillance of resistance in wastewater to curb future pandemics.
Researchers are collecting faeces from exotic animals at Dudley Zoo and West Midlands Safari Park to search for phages that can fight bacterial infections. The goal is to create a bio-bank of these phages to develop alternative treatments for life-threatening infections.
The international conference will focus on translating phage research into clinical reality, exploring key sessions and major speakers. Companies from various sectors are attending the event, highlighting the growing interest in phage therapy.
Researchers have found new organisms that can capture carbon dioxide and clean pollutants from the environment. By exploring extremophiles in homes, scientists can gain insights into their unique characteristics and develop sustainable solutions.
Researchers found that genes near the origin of DNA replication are crucial for rapid cell growth, contradicting previous assumptions about gene distribution. The study reveals an evolutionary advantage for bacteria with optimally placed genes.
Researchers at Cornell University have found a new way that transposons, or 'jumping genes', can survive and propagate in bacteria with linear DNA. The study reveals that these genes can target and insert themselves at the ends of linear chromosomes, called telomeres, which is essential for their survival.
Researchers question whether micronuclei activate the cGAS-STING pathway, a key innate immune response to foreign nucleic acids. The study found that MN more commonly recognizes DNA during cell division without triggering STING activation.
Researchers found local rivers and streams to be the source of Salmonella enterica contamination after Hurricane Florence, contradicting assumptions about pig farms. The study has critical implications for disease control and prevention in coastal regions affected by tropical storms.
A study from the University of Gothenburg reveals that wastewaters harbor unique characteristics allowing antibiotic resistance genes to evolve. The researchers found key components necessary for gene movement in wastewater samples worldwide, not in human or animal guts.
Researchers have developed a novel COVID-19 vaccine based on altered plasmid DNA that effectively blocks cell infection across all tested variants. The vaccine targets a specific vulnerability in the SARS-CoV-2 virus's spike protein, inducing a focused antibody response.
Scientists identified that retrons encode toxin proteins kept inactive by a small DNA fragment, unleashing them upon viral attacks. The EMBL team discovered how retrons form antitoxins and found natural switches to trigger growth inhibition complexes.
Researchers have discovered proteins that mediate intimate contacts between bacteria, enabling DNA transfer and resistance to antibiotics. Understanding this process can help develop new approaches to slow the spread of antimicrobial resistance.
Chronic bacterial infections can lead to chronic inflammation and DNA damage, increasing CRC risk. Salmonella infections are particularly risky, as they impair immune responses and promote tumorigenesis.
Research suggests that genetic material from E. coli bacteria in farm animals may contribute to the evolution of deadly pandemic strains. The study found that ColV plasmids in pigs, cattle, and chickens can increase the likelihood of antimicrobial resistance and extra-intestinal infections in humans.
A recent review highlights the effects of different intestinal bacteria on colorectal cancer, exploring new therapies for disease prevention and treatment. Beneficial probiotics, such as Akkermansia muciniphila and Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG, exhibit anticancer properties and reduce CRC cell proliferation.
Researchers discovered that bacteria use an ancient molecule called polyphosphate to silence problematic genetic elements, similar to heterochromatin in eukaryotes. This process helps protect the bacterial cell from harm and could enable scientists to develop new antibiotics.
A new study led by Rice University engineers finds that microplastic pollution contributes to the spread of antibiotic-resistant genes. The researchers discovered that aging polystyrene breaks down into microplastics with high surface areas, trapping microbes and leaching chemicals that enhance gene transfer.
Researchers have identified a new prophage-mediated defence system in Salmonella Typhimurium ST313 called BstA, which efficiently suppresses phage attacks. This discovery opens up a new avenue of research and could potentially lead to the development of new biotechnologies.
Researchers have identified a key role for Cytidine Triphosphate (CTP) in bacterial cell division, enabling the Noc protein to bind to DNA and membranes. This discovery may lead to new avenues for targeting bacterial chromosome segregation and cell division.
Researchers from Hiroshima University have discovered mutant genes that facilitate genetic transfer between bacteria and other organisms across different kingdoms, including fungi and protists. The study suggests that these genes work together to activate or repress the conjugation mechanism, enabling cross-kingdom transfer.
The Pew Charitable Trusts has funded 10 postdoctoral fellows from six Latin American countries to conduct research in the US, exploring topics such as molecular interactions and gut bacteria. The program aims to advance scientific knowledge and develop a robust biomedical research community in Latin America.
A study found that toxins produced by bacteria can cause mutations in target cells, providing a competitive advantage and contributing to the evolution of bacterial populations. The toxins, which remove chemical groups from DNA, were found to be effective in causing mutations in certain bacterial species.
Researchers found a gene cluster in Vibrio cholerae that helps the bacteria acquire unique traits needed to become pandemic strains. The discovery sheds light on how environmental strains of V. cholerae evolve into deadly pathogens.
Researchers have discovered a new toxin-antitoxin system that allows bacteria to slow down their activity and thrive during periods of scarcity. The HEPN/MNT system, the most abundant TA system in prokaryotes, enables bacteria to conserve energy and resources by inhibiting toxin production.
Achromatium oxaliferum is a highly adaptable bacterium that thrives in diverse environments, including hot springs and ice-cold water. Its unique gene expression mechanism allows it to 'archive' unused genes, enabling rapid adaptation to changing conditions.
A team of researchers has unpacked the bacterium Francisella tularensis' toolbox, revealing the shapes and interactions of its infectious machinery. The insights point to a way in which the bacteria's unique infectious machinery might be blocked, potentially preventing it from infecting over 200 animal species.
A strain of oral bacteria has been found to be associated with severe ulcerative colitis. The discovery offers new avenues for research into the prevention and treatment of IBD. Researchers believe that targeting the oral cavity could help reduce the load of the bacteria, potentially leading to new therapies.
A Rochester Institute of Technology scientist is exploring phase separation in bacterial chromatin with a $559,000 NSF grant. The project aims to understand how this process enables bacterial cells to compartmentalize functions and control biomolecular structures.
A Berkeley Lab-led team has gained insight into bacterial DNA packing, enabling potential control over microbial behavior. Researchers at JBEI have developed synthetic biology tools unlocking complex plant engineering, allowing for more sophisticated traits in plants. High-performance windows with reduced energy consumption will be ins...
Researchers discovered that bacteria employ a strategy of adding new DNA while shedding unused genes, allowing them to avoid overloading their genomes. This process helps the bacteria outgrow competitors and potentially infect other organisms more easily.
A recent study found that a bacterium specifically kills male African monarch butterflies, leading to highly variable warning patterns. The researchers discovered that the bacterium's interaction with the female butterflies' unique chromosome arrangement causes this variability.
Researchers found that male-killing bacteria ensure the survival of a specific color pattern gene in female butterflies, causing them to resemble their fathers despite only having female offspring. The study reveals how this genetic manipulation affects butterfly evolution and population dynamics.
Researchers have developed a genetic typing method for Pseudomonas putida, which enables the detection of its virulent strains. The study's findings highlight the bacterium's biotechnological value and its importance in understanding disease-causing pathogens.
A new study found that certain gut bacteria, such as Bacteroides species, have acquired large immunity gene clusters to neutralize toxins from other bacteria. These clusters are actively acquiring new genes to protect against emerging threats.
A pioneer study published in PNAS reveals that bacterial sex plays a pivotal role in the evolution of the mammalian microbiome. Horizontal gene transfer, facilitated by temperate bacteriophages, is the primary mechanism driving bacterial evolution in a healthy gut.
Researchers from Kumamoto University found that nsPEFs can stimulate immune cells to respond as if they were being stimulated by bacteria. This was achieved through the release of chromosomal DNA and histone citrullination in neutrophils, similar to the process occurring when neutrophils are exposed to bacteria.
Researchers discovered that certain bacteria use viruses to identify and kill rival bacteria for resources. The discovery has implications for synthetic biology and medicine, where understanding bacterial competition could lead to breakthroughs in treating infectious diseases.
Researchers found that bacteria can recognize themselves using phages, which helps them repel competitors and gain a fitness advantage.
Researchers at ETH Zurich develop a computer-generated genome for Caulobacter ethensis, which is based on the genome of a harmless freshwater bacterium. The new genome contains over 800,000 DNA letters and was generated using an algorithm that simplifies genetic information to facilitate production.
Researchers identified a novel mobile genetic element, pWCP, in the Wolbachia bacterium of Culex pipiens mosquitoes. This discovery opens up new avenues for understanding interactions between the bacterium and its host, as well as its role in pathogen transmission.
A Rutgers-led team has discovered two genes that make some strains of Staphyloccocus aureus resistant to treatment by copper. The discovery may open new paths for the development of antibacterial drugs and could lead to higher resistance to antibiotics.
A recent study found that colistin-resistant Escherichia coli (CR-E) was prevalent among residents in rural communities in Vietnam, with 70.4% of residents carrying the bacteria. This widespread dissemination raises concerns about the potential for 'nightmare bacteria' to spread globally and render antibiotics ineffective.
A study by the Julius Kühn Institute and BfR found antimicrobial-resistant bacteria with multiple transferable resistance genes on fresh produce, including mixed salads, arugula, and cilantro. Consumers can minimize risk by washing raw vegetables thoroughly and considering heat treatment for immunocompromised individuals.
Researchers at NUS Medicine and University of Glasgow have discovered lateral transduction, a new mode of genetic transfer that enables the transfer of large sections of bacterial chromosomes between bacteria. This highly efficient mechanism could explain the rapid evolution of antibiotic-resistant strains.
A new study reveals bacterial DNA is transferred to phages at frequencies 1,000 times higher than previously thought, allowing for rapid adaptation and gene dissemination. This discovery has significant implications for the spread of antibiotic resistance and other survival factors among bacteria.
Scientists adapted thermal proteome profiling technique to study bacteria's protein behavior, revealing novel drug resistance mechanisms and insights into bacterial cell function. The technique allows researchers to investigate thousands of proteins simultaneously, offering potential breakthroughs in understanding antibiotic resistance.
Researchers at EPFL identify a protein, Spaid, produced by the bacterium Spiroplasma poulsonii, which induces male-killing in fruit flies. This discovery sheds light on the molecular mechanism underlying this phenomenon and has significant implications for fields of symbiosis, sex determination, and evolution.
Researchers uncover how bacterial 'gene swapping' fuels emergence and spread of infectious diseases, including antimicrobial resistance crisis.
A team of OSU researchers identified beneficial and pathogenic species of Rhodococcus bacteria using genome sequencing. The study found that plasmids, separate DNA molecules, facilitate the transition between these two forms of bacteria.
A new study reveals that head-on collisions between protein machines on chromosomes can disrupt DNA replication and increase the frequency of genetic errors. These collisions promote mutations in key genes involved in coping with environmental stresses, which may help bacteria survive hostile environments.
A new rational drug design technique identifies molecules targeting multiple receptor sites on key cellular proteins, making it challenging for microbes to develop resistance. The technique has been validated and shows potential in battling drug resistance and even cancer cells.
Researchers discovered Corynebacterium glutamicum can implement multifork mode of DNA replication, enhancing its growth rate. The discovery also revealed the bacterium's diploid condition confers advantages in repairing DNA damage and stress responses.
Researchers have developed a quick and accurate diagnostic test for bacteria resistant to colistin, a last-resort antibiotic. The test can distinguish between bacteria with plasmid-encoded resistance, which is considered more dangerous, and those that are not.
Researchers created a three-dimensional map of Mycoplasma pneumoniae's circular chromosome, revealing a previously unknown layer of gene regulation. The study found that the tiny bacterium's genome is organised into distinct structural domains, each containing genes turned on or off in a coordinated way.
Researchers have discovered how Listeria monocytogenes travels to fatally attack the placenta and fetus during early pregnancy in macaque monkeys, raising questions about current understanding of listeriosis risk. The study reveals clues that may lead to better screening and interventions during pregnancy.
A new pathogen, Bacillus cereus biovar anthracis, has been identified as causing anthrax-like disease in chimps, gorillas, elephants, and goats across four African countries. The bacteria share distinct genetic and biological characteristics with Bacillus anthracis.
Scientists have revealed the molecular steps that turn on bacteria's pathogenic genes by visualizing DNA supercoiling and HU protein interactions. The study found that supercoiling can trigger gene expression in single-celled prokaryotes, opening up new avenues for developing drugs to prevent or treat bacterial infections.
A new variant of the emerging antibiotic resistance mechanism mcr-1 has been discovered on a multidrug-resistant strain of Klebsiella pneumoniae, which was isolated from a child hospitalized with leukemia. The newly identified gene, mcr-1.2, confers resistance to colistin, a last-resort antibiotic.
Researchers discovered that bacteria can amplify disease-inducing genes to quickly cause infection. The study found that the essential proteins needed to form the poisonous syringe are produced through a 'copying machine' when the bacteria come into contact with host cells, enabling rapid infection.