Articles tagged with Viral Integration
Comprehensive exploration of living organisms, biological systems, and life processes across all scales from molecules to ecosystems. Encompasses cutting-edge research in biology, genetics, molecular biology, ecology, biochemistry, microbiology, botany, zoology, evolutionary biology, genomics, and biotechnology. Investigates cellular mechanisms, organism development, genetic inheritance, biodiversity conservation, metabolic processes, protein synthesis, DNA sequencing, CRISPR gene editing, stem cell research, and the fundamental principles governing all forms of life on Earth.
Comprehensive medical research, clinical studies, and healthcare sciences focused on disease prevention, diagnosis, and treatment. Encompasses clinical medicine, public health, pharmacology, epidemiology, medical specialties, disease mechanisms, therapeutic interventions, healthcare innovation, precision medicine, telemedicine, medical devices, drug development, clinical trials, patient care, mental health, nutrition science, health policy, and the application of medical science to improve human health, wellbeing, and quality of life across diverse populations.
Comprehensive investigation of human society, behavior, relationships, and social structures through systematic research and analysis. Encompasses psychology, sociology, anthropology, economics, political science, linguistics, education, demography, communications, and social research methodologies. Examines human cognition, social interactions, cultural phenomena, economic systems, political institutions, language and communication, educational processes, population dynamics, and the complex social, cultural, economic, and political forces shaping human societies, communities, and civilizations throughout history and across the contemporary world.
Fundamental study of the non-living natural world, matter, energy, and physical phenomena governing the universe. Encompasses physics, chemistry, earth sciences, atmospheric sciences, oceanography, materials science, and the investigation of physical laws, chemical reactions, geological processes, climate systems, and planetary dynamics. Explores everything from subatomic particles and quantum mechanics to planetary systems and cosmic phenomena, including energy transformations, molecular interactions, elemental properties, weather patterns, tectonic activity, and the fundamental forces and principles underlying the physical nature of reality.
Practical application of scientific knowledge and engineering principles to solve real-world problems and develop innovative technologies. Encompasses all engineering disciplines, technology development, computer science, artificial intelligence, environmental sciences, agriculture, materials applications, energy systems, and industrial innovation. Bridges theoretical research with tangible solutions for infrastructure, manufacturing, computing, communications, transportation, construction, sustainable development, and emerging technologies that advance human capabilities, improve quality of life, and address societal challenges through scientific innovation and technological progress.
Study of the practice, culture, infrastructure, and social dimensions of science itself. Addresses how science is conducted, organized, communicated, and integrated into society. Encompasses research funding mechanisms, scientific publishing systems, peer review processes, academic ethics, science policy, research institutions, scientific collaboration networks, science education, career development, research programs, scientific methods, science communication, and the sociology of scientific discovery. Examines the human, institutional, and cultural aspects of scientific enterprise, knowledge production, and the translation of research into societal benefit.
Comprehensive study of the universe beyond Earth, encompassing celestial objects, cosmic phenomena, and space exploration. Includes astronomy, astrophysics, planetary science, cosmology, space physics, astrobiology, and space technology. Investigates stars, galaxies, planets, moons, asteroids, comets, black holes, nebulae, exoplanets, dark matter, dark energy, cosmic microwave background, stellar evolution, planetary formation, space weather, solar system dynamics, the search for extraterrestrial life, and humanity's efforts to explore, understand, and unlock the mysteries of the cosmos through observation, theory, and space missions.
Comprehensive examination of tools, techniques, methodologies, and approaches used across scientific disciplines to conduct research, collect data, and analyze results. Encompasses experimental procedures, analytical methods, measurement techniques, instrumentation, imaging technologies, spectroscopic methods, laboratory protocols, observational studies, statistical analysis, computational methods, data visualization, quality control, and methodological innovations. Addresses the practical techniques and theoretical frameworks enabling scientists to investigate phenomena, test hypotheses, gather evidence, ensure reproducibility, and generate reliable knowledge through systematic, rigorous investigation across all areas of scientific inquiry.
Study of abstract structures, patterns, quantities, relationships, and logical reasoning through pure and applied mathematical disciplines. Encompasses algebra, calculus, geometry, topology, number theory, analysis, discrete mathematics, mathematical logic, set theory, probability, statistics, and computational mathematics. Investigates mathematical structures, theorems, proofs, algorithms, functions, equations, and the rigorous logical frameworks underlying quantitative reasoning. Provides the foundational language and tools for all scientific fields, enabling precise description of natural phenomena, modeling of complex systems, and the development of technologies across physics, engineering, computer science, economics, and all quantitative sciences.
A new vaccine against elephant endotheliotropic herpesvirus (EEHV) has been shown to be safe and trigger a strong immune response, with the potential to prevent deadly EEHV disease in young Asian elephants. The vaccine was tested in adult elephants at Chester Zoo and successfully activated key parts of the immune system.
Scientists at the Stowers Institute and University of Georgia discover how Cryptococcus neoformans thrives, identifying over 300 potential targets for novel antifungal drugs. The study provides an atlas for developing new therapies to combat this lethal fungus.
A new study aims to characterize the human virome, exploring its role in health and disease. The project will investigate nonpathogenic viruses and their potential impact on human phenotypes over time. Researchers hope to discover novel biomarkers for health and disease, as well as new therapeutic approaches.
The study traces the evolutionary history of brown algae through genomic analysis, highlighting their role in sustaining coastal habitats and combating climate change. The research also identifies practical applications in aquaculture, biotechnology, and ecosystem restoration.
A UC Riverside-led study has devised a way to make large quantities of the Membrane protein, which plays a crucial role in how SARS-CoV-2 acquires its spherical structure. The researchers found that when the M protein interacts with the membrane, it coaxes the membrane to curve, leading to the virus's characteristic shape.
Researchers are shedding light on the molecular mechanisms underlying HIV replication and viral integration, opening new avenues for tackling the virus. Discoveries suggest that targeting the cell nucleus and harnessing innate immunity may be key to blocking viral replication and persistence.
A new study in Viruses journal reveals significant viral diversity in bats and pig farms in Viet Nam, highlighting the risks of CoV spillover. The research calls for increased surveillance and One Health action to prevent pandemic emergence.
A study published in the Journal of Infection found that mNGS was significantly more effective at detecting bloodstream infections than conventional microbiological tests (CMTs), identifying 187 infection cases compared to CMTs' 81. Viral infections were the most common type, with CMV being the leading cause.
A new study finds that COVID-19 orphanhood is significantly higher in poorer countries due to pre-existing health and vaccine coverage inequity. The risk is driven by factors like poverty prevalence, lower GDP per capita, and non-communicable diseases.
Researchers developed a new reagent-free detection technique for SARS-CoV-2 using Raman spectroscopy and machine learning. The method shows an accuracy of 80% in detecting COVID-19 infections from saliva samples, overcoming limitations of RT-PCR testing.
A global consensus statement identifies key issues in healthcare for people living with HIV, prioritizing multimorbidity, health-related quality of life, and stigma reduction. The panel recommends new monitoring processes and guidelines to ensure the long-term well-being of millions worldwide.
A new method, Sonication Inverse PCR (SIP), has been developed to identify any genome sequence located next to a known sequence. This approach uses high-frequency sound waves to randomly cut DNA, eliminating bias from enzyme use, and is applied across clinical settings and molecular evolutionary analyses.
The TCIHM COVID-19 Support Registry will characterize care, report indications of potential value or harm, and inform future treatments. Led by the Helfgott Research Institute, the registry is backed by over a dozen practitioner organizations and aims to provide valuable insights into integrative health practices during the pandemic.
Researchers report the discovery of a giant marine virus genome in predatory unicellular flagellates, encoding three rhodopsin photosensitive proteins. The findings suggest these viruses may confer phototrophic abilities on their hosts.
Researchers have identified key stages in the process of endogenization, by which host genomes defend against invading retroviruses. The study found that recombination between viral sequences and host genomic elements can incapacitate new viral sequences, making them less harmful.
A study found that Myotis bats have integrated viral proteins produced by Ebola into their genomes, resulting in less potent immune suppressors. This suggests that bats may have co-opted these proteins for immune function, potentially reducing their susceptibility to viral infections.
New study reveals integrated HBV DNA as a significant source of HBsAg, expanding understanding of HBV biology and host interactions. The findings have important implications for future trial design and endpoint expectations for new therapies developed to cure chronic HBV.
A study led by the University of Leicester discovered that a small number of human ancestors thousands of years ago transmitted ancient strains of the virus to individuals today. Most integrated HHV-6 genomes are intact and may be able to reactivate as viruses.
Researchers used Next-Generation Sequencing to identify a new viral lineage distantly related to herpesviruses in fish genomes. The discovery could lead to the identification of viruses in other species, potentially preventing outbreaks before they happen.
Researchers found HIV-1 integrates its genetic material into specific immune-cell-activating genes in humans. Digoxin inhibits wild type HIV-1 more than the mutated strain, suggesting a link between T cell activation and targeted integration.
Defective viruses in grass genomes form partnerships with other viruses to compensate for functional deficiencies, resulting in concerted evolution of noncoding regulatory sequences. This partnership enables the development and maintenance of relationships over time.
Researchers at Rockefeller University discovered that our primate ancestors evolved a defense mechanism against an ancient virus by manipulating its gene function, leading to its extinction. This study provides valuable insights into the genetic material used by animals to combat viruses, sometimes resulting in viral extinction.
Scientists uncovered a genetic fossil record of extinct retroviruses in modern organisms, revealing how our ancestors eradicated an ancient retrovirus around 11 million years ago. The study analyzed human endogenous retrovirus T (HERV-T) fossils to understand the elimination process.
A modified HIV-1 virus can integrate into the genome of the parasitic flatworm Schistosoma mansoni, a major species of schistosomiasis-causing flatworm. This finding could aid research into potential new treatments for schistosomiasis and related neglected tropical diseases.
Researchers at UMMS have identified a new life cycle stage in HIV infection, dubbed intra-nuclear migration, which relies on human protein CPSF6 to guide the virus through the host cell's nucleus. This phase was previously unappreciated and sheds light on early events of HIV infection.
Research teams discovered genes from parasitic wasps are present in butterfly genomes, acquired through a virus that integrates into DNA. This finding reveals naturally produced GMOs in butterflies, including the iconic Monarch species, and highlights potential risks of gene transfers in GM insects.
Researchers found that latent HIV likely resides in long-lived memory cells that help the immune system remember pathogens. The study suggests these cells are the source of the virus's hidden reserves, which could lead to a possible cure for HIV.
Researchers at KU Leuven discovered that HIV's integration site determines disease progression. The team found that manipulating the integration site can lead to faster disease progression in some cases, but also opens up possibilities for developing new therapies by targeting safer regions of host DNA.
Researchers discover REVs originated in mammals and spread to birds through medical intervention, revealing an unusual evolutionary history. The study suggests REVs were introduced into poultry and subsequently into avian cell culture systems, impacting wild birds and domestic poultry.
A gene therapy virus has been approved for treating a rare inherited metabolic disease, and researchers found it rarely integrates into the genome, making it safe. The virus was analyzed in patients and mice, revealing its ability to target mitochondria and potentially correcting genetic defects in human mitochondrial DNA.
Scientists at NIH discover how HIV kills immune cells by triggering a signal that causes infected cells to die. Treating HIV-infected individuals with drugs blocking viral replication may improve CD4+ T cell survival and immune function.
Elite suppressors have lower levels of integrated HIV DNA and more effective killer T cells, making them resistant to antiretroviral therapy. Researchers speculate that therapeutic vaccinations targeting elite suppressor-like immune responses may be effective against the treatment-resistant latent reservoir.
A recent study found that human and other vertebrate genomes contain ancient sequences from deadly virus families, Ebola/Marburgviruses and Bornaviruses. These integrations were likely mediated by movable elements and may provide a selective advantage to the host species, potentially protecting against future infections.
Researchers at Baylor College of Medicine found that bacterial cells 'vote' on their fate based on sub-cellular variables, rather than random chemical events. This discovery challenges the long-held assumption that cell fate decisions are determined by environmental noise.
A team of researchers at the University of South Florida discovered that a common herpesvirus can integrate its DNA into human chromosomes, allowing it to be passed down through generations. This finding raises concerns about disease risk and the potential for viral reactivation in individuals born with the virus's DNA in every cell.
Researchers at German Cancer Research Center find that HIV virus rarely integrates into genes with high transcription activity. This discovery could lead to the development of specific AIDS drugs targeting these 'cold spots', potentially offering a new approach to combat the virus.
Research led by Dr. Cédric Feschotte found a retrovirus related to HIV integrated into lemur genomes around 4.2 million years ago. This discovery provides insights into the evolution of lentiviruses and raises the possibility that HIV-like viruses are still circulating in Madagascar.
Dr. Shinya Yamanaka's laboratory has eliminated the need for a virus to introduce genes into adult cells, improving the safety of induced pluripotent stem (iPS) cell technology for regenerative medicine applications.
Researchers found that HHV-6 is integrated into the chromosomes of babies born with the virus, differing from congenital CMV infections. This unique mode of infection may occur in up to 1 in 116 newborns, affecting their development and immune system.
New research reveals that viruses can travel around infected cells by hitching a ride on microtubules, which are microscopic tubes forming part of the cell cytoskeleton. This transport system allows virus DNA to be integrated into the host genome, improving our knowledge of how the virus replicates in host cells.
The DOE JGI has released the latest upgrade of its metagenomics data management and analysis system, IMG/M. The enhanced version provides aggregate genome data from recent studies on biological phosphorus removing sludge, human distal gut, a gutless marine worm, and obese and lean mouse gut.
Researchers at SLU have made a groundbreaking discovery on the molecular mechanism of HIV integration, shedding light on how the virus invades healthy cells. The study reveals that integrase holds viral DNA together prior to integration, paving the way for new drug therapy options.
The fourth version of IMG, a collaborative effort between DOE JGI and the Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, adds organism phenotype characterizations and enhances comparative analysis capabilities. The update features extended Analysis Carts and improved functional profiles across organisms.
Researchers found that alpha-defensin-1 directly inactivates HIV when serum levels are low, while also acting on vulnerable cells to block infection. The study provides a basis for developing defensin-like drugs to prevent and treat HIV.
Researchers found that different retroviral vectors from ASLV, HIV, and MLV integrate into human chromosomes at varying sites. The study suggests ASLV may be a promising candidate for human gene therapy due to its distinct integration preferences.
Researchers mapped where three retroviruses integrate into human DNA, finding unique patterns for each. This discovery has implications for better-engineered gene therapies and new HIV drugs.