Articles tagged with Genetic Code
Comprehensive exploration of living organisms, biological systems, and life processes across all scales from molecules to ecosystems. Encompasses cutting-edge research in biology, genetics, molecular biology, ecology, biochemistry, microbiology, botany, zoology, evolutionary biology, genomics, and biotechnology. Investigates cellular mechanisms, organism development, genetic inheritance, biodiversity conservation, metabolic processes, protein synthesis, DNA sequencing, CRISPR gene editing, stem cell research, and the fundamental principles governing all forms of life on Earth.
Comprehensive medical research, clinical studies, and healthcare sciences focused on disease prevention, diagnosis, and treatment. Encompasses clinical medicine, public health, pharmacology, epidemiology, medical specialties, disease mechanisms, therapeutic interventions, healthcare innovation, precision medicine, telemedicine, medical devices, drug development, clinical trials, patient care, mental health, nutrition science, health policy, and the application of medical science to improve human health, wellbeing, and quality of life across diverse populations.
Comprehensive investigation of human society, behavior, relationships, and social structures through systematic research and analysis. Encompasses psychology, sociology, anthropology, economics, political science, linguistics, education, demography, communications, and social research methodologies. Examines human cognition, social interactions, cultural phenomena, economic systems, political institutions, language and communication, educational processes, population dynamics, and the complex social, cultural, economic, and political forces shaping human societies, communities, and civilizations throughout history and across the contemporary world.
Fundamental study of the non-living natural world, matter, energy, and physical phenomena governing the universe. Encompasses physics, chemistry, earth sciences, atmospheric sciences, oceanography, materials science, and the investigation of physical laws, chemical reactions, geological processes, climate systems, and planetary dynamics. Explores everything from subatomic particles and quantum mechanics to planetary systems and cosmic phenomena, including energy transformations, molecular interactions, elemental properties, weather patterns, tectonic activity, and the fundamental forces and principles underlying the physical nature of reality.
Practical application of scientific knowledge and engineering principles to solve real-world problems and develop innovative technologies. Encompasses all engineering disciplines, technology development, computer science, artificial intelligence, environmental sciences, agriculture, materials applications, energy systems, and industrial innovation. Bridges theoretical research with tangible solutions for infrastructure, manufacturing, computing, communications, transportation, construction, sustainable development, and emerging technologies that advance human capabilities, improve quality of life, and address societal challenges through scientific innovation and technological progress.
Study of the practice, culture, infrastructure, and social dimensions of science itself. Addresses how science is conducted, organized, communicated, and integrated into society. Encompasses research funding mechanisms, scientific publishing systems, peer review processes, academic ethics, science policy, research institutions, scientific collaboration networks, science education, career development, research programs, scientific methods, science communication, and the sociology of scientific discovery. Examines the human, institutional, and cultural aspects of scientific enterprise, knowledge production, and the translation of research into societal benefit.
Comprehensive study of the universe beyond Earth, encompassing celestial objects, cosmic phenomena, and space exploration. Includes astronomy, astrophysics, planetary science, cosmology, space physics, astrobiology, and space technology. Investigates stars, galaxies, planets, moons, asteroids, comets, black holes, nebulae, exoplanets, dark matter, dark energy, cosmic microwave background, stellar evolution, planetary formation, space weather, solar system dynamics, the search for extraterrestrial life, and humanity's efforts to explore, understand, and unlock the mysteries of the cosmos through observation, theory, and space missions.
Comprehensive examination of tools, techniques, methodologies, and approaches used across scientific disciplines to conduct research, collect data, and analyze results. Encompasses experimental procedures, analytical methods, measurement techniques, instrumentation, imaging technologies, spectroscopic methods, laboratory protocols, observational studies, statistical analysis, computational methods, data visualization, quality control, and methodological innovations. Addresses the practical techniques and theoretical frameworks enabling scientists to investigate phenomena, test hypotheses, gather evidence, ensure reproducibility, and generate reliable knowledge through systematic, rigorous investigation across all areas of scientific inquiry.
Study of abstract structures, patterns, quantities, relationships, and logical reasoning through pure and applied mathematical disciplines. Encompasses algebra, calculus, geometry, topology, number theory, analysis, discrete mathematics, mathematical logic, set theory, probability, statistics, and computational mathematics. Investigates mathematical structures, theorems, proofs, algorithms, functions, equations, and the rigorous logical frameworks underlying quantitative reasoning. Provides the foundational language and tools for all scientific fields, enabling precise description of natural phenomena, modeling of complex systems, and the development of technologies across physics, engineering, computer science, economics, and all quantitative sciences.
Researchers have created a comprehensive map of the DNA sequences that control gene expression in human cells, identifying 2.37 million potential regulatory elements. This registry reveals previously unrecognized classes of elements and illuminates how noncoding genetic variation contributes to cell type-specific traits.
Researchers discovered that one microorganism can live with a bit of ambiguity in its genetic code, synthesizing two different proteins seemingly at random. This finding contradicts a long-held dogma and has implications for future disease therapies, including treating diseases caused by premature stop codons.
A research team led by the University of Minnesota Medical School will investigate alternative genetic decoding in single-celled organisms and identify readthrough-inducing drugs to treat genetic disorders caused by premature termination codons. The goal is to restore normal function of genes and proteins in cells, potentially helping ...
Scientists have developed a new approach to analyze proteins in individual cells during blood cell formation, bypassing mRNA intermediates. This study reveals the correlation between mRNA levels and protein expression, shedding light on the role of essential proteins in maintaining stem cell populations.
Researchers at The University of Osaka have developed a novel technology to unzip DNA's double helix structure, allowing for efficient and accurate genetic testing. The device uses a nano-sized platinum coil and precise heating to minimize DNA damage and read information from the DNA molecule.
Scientists have identified a brain molecule called NEAT1 that appears to play a central role in triggering light sensitivity (photophobia) during migraines. By disrupting the normal balance of nerve signaling and pain regulation, NEAT1 makes nerves more sensitive to light.
Researchers analyzed DNA from four generations of a large family to understand genetic mutations and their transmission. They found that the rate of de novo mutations varied by over twenty-fold depending on genome location.
Researchers at MIT have discovered that a genetic variant can lead to defects in transfer RNA molecules, causing embryonic face cells to fail to fuse properly. This study sheds light on the molecular mechanisms underlying cleft lip and cleft palate formation.
Researchers discovered that normal pancreatic cells can temporarily retain 'memory' of cancer-linked epigenetic marks, even in the absence of genetic mutations. This finding suggests a key role for epigenetic memory in cancer development and may explain increasing cancer rates in young people.
The Grubhub Community Fund has awarded the American Heart Association a $2 million grant to support food security, technology innovation, and economic resiliency in New York City and Chicago. The funds will be allocated to up to 12 organizations and entrepreneurs focused on improving health equity and expanding access to capital.
A global study has identified nearly 300 genetic links to depression, revealing the condition's impact on the brain and suggesting new treatment targets. The research, involving over five million people from 29 countries, highlights existing drugs that could be repurposed for depression treatment.
A Cornell University team has made a groundbreaking finding in apple cells, demonstrating that a structural cell protein directly influences DNA transcription into RNA. This breakthrough has significant implications for understanding gene expression in all nucleus-containing cells, including humans.
A recent study revises our understanding of the universal genetic code's evolution, suggesting that early life preferred smaller amino acids over larger ones. The researchers found that amino acids with aromatic ring structures were incorporated into the code later than previously thought, offering clues about other extinct genetic codes.
Scientists at VCU Massey Comprehensive Cancer Center have discovered a new genetic code that recruits and deploys tumor cells to invade healthy organs. This breakthrough could offer groundbreaking insight into new treatment strategies targeting tumor growth in its earliest stages.
Irene Coin's lab has developed a comprehensive overview of genetic code expansion technology and its application in membrane proteins. The technology allows for the modification of proteins directly in living cells, enabling the production of novel protein therapeutics and a deeper understanding of natural proteins.
Researchers are using genetic data from Le Bonheur and UT Health Science Center to better diagnose patients with childhood interstitial and diffuse lung diseases. The goal is to identify genetic causes and provide earlier diagnosis and treatment for this rare disease.
Scientists have developed a new method using artificial intelligence to design thousands of DNA switches that can activate or repress genes in specific cell types. This approach could revolutionize gene therapy and biotechnology by allowing precise control over gene expression in the body.
Research reveals two species of sardine in the California Current, with Japanese sardines arriving on the West Coast around 2022. The discovery highlights the impact of marine heatwaves and changing ocean conditions on fish distributions.
Researchers identified over 3,000 harmful genetic changes in the RAD51C gene that increase ovarian cancer risk six-fold and breast cancer risk four-fold. These findings can help doctors and diagnostic laboratory scientists better assess cancer risk and provide more personalized care.
A study published in Nature Communications found that one in eight newborn babies has a genetic protection against jaundice. The researchers identified a specific gene variant that codes for an enzyme linked to increased bilirubin metabolism, providing an opportunity for personalized medicine.
A new study published in Microorganisms highlights the importance of small molecule drugs that target the unchanging parts of the SARS-CoV-2 virus. The research suggests that these stable targets could provide a consistent and reliable treatment option for COVID-19, even as vaccines are updated to address changing viral strains.
A genetic variant in the Syntaxin 17 gene determines the speed of hair greying and susceptibility to skin melanoma in horses. The study found three gene variants at the Grey locus, with the G3 variant associated with a higher risk of melanoma.
Cells produce three times as many 'unproductive' transcripts with mistakes or unexpected configurations as they do steady-state, finished RNA. These unproductive transcripts are quickly destroyed by a cellular process called nonsense-mediated decay (NMD), which suggests the cell intentionally makes mistakes to regulate gene expression....
A recent study found that 'gene misbehaviour' is a common phenomenon in the healthy human population, with over half of inactive genes showing misexpression. The researchers used advanced techniques to analyze blood samples from 4,568 healthy individuals and identified mechanisms behind these gene activity errors.
A large multicenter study has identified 34 new genetic diseases using genetic diagnostics, including a novel AI-powered analysis tool called GestaltMatcher. The study analyzed the genetic data of 1,577 patients and found changes in 370 different genes, with 425 children diagnosed with rare diseases.
Scientists have mapped over 5,000 genetic variants in the 'tumour protection' gene BAP1 that significantly increase cancer risk. These variants can be used to develop new treatments, including IGF-1 inhibitors, to slow down or prevent cancer progression.
Han Xiao aims to develop cells that can biosynthesize and utilize non-canonical amino acids as in vivo sensors for enzymes involved in posttranslational modifications. This research could lead to new strategies in treating diseases by providing real-time insights into enzyme activities.
Scientists have successfully edited genes in a highly resilient tardigrade species using CRISPR technology, allowing them to investigate the genetic basis of its exceptional abilities. The research could lead to new insights into human organ preservation and transplantation.
A new study from the Keck School of Medicine of USC found that genome-wide association studies' imputation technique works better for European, African American, and Latino groups than others. The researchers evaluated over 100 global populations, finding that imputation is less reliable for those farther away from Europe.
Researchers found a link between Fontan circulation and accelerated epigenetic aging, which can cause complications like osteoporosis and renal impairment. The study suggests this acceleration starts in childhood and continues into adulthood, with potential new treatment opportunities to delay progression.
Researchers developed a single-assay approach using exome sequencing data to detect large-scale pathogenic mutations, detecting 91 previously undetectable mutations. This shift could enable earlier diagnoses and save the NHS vital resources.
A new study has identified a genetic marker that can predict which patients are likely to respond to immunotherapy in various types of cancer. Tumors with high intragenic rearrangement (IGR) burden, which indicates cryptic structural rearrangements of the genetic code, may respond better to immunotherapy.
Researchers have created the first extensive map showing which genetic changes can cause disease, leading to valuable insights into neurodevelopmental disorders and cancer. The study reveals that 90% of previously unexplained genetic changes' impact on health is significant, promising speedier diagnosis and new treatment avenues.
Researchers identified genetic mutations in peas that enable high iron accumulation, opening doors for biofortification of staple crops like wheat and barley. This breakthrough has the potential to reduce iron deficiency anaemia globally.
Salk researchers identify Foxp3 as the protein that determines regulatory T cell genome structure and fate, enabling manipulation to treat autoimmunity or fight cancer. The study reveals Foxp3's essential role in creating unique chromatin architecture of regulatory T cells.
The study has shed light on how cats evolved into different species and how genetic changes relate to survival abilities like smell detection. It also revealed that cat genomes tend to have fewer complex genetic variations than other mammal groups, such as primates.
Researchers developed a mouse model with human-like telomeres by making a single genetic alteration, providing a valuable resource for studying aging and cancer. The discovery highlights the importance of the RTEL1 protein in determining telomere length.
Researchers have assembled the entire genetic code of the brushtail possum, revealing population diversity, reproduction, and origins. The study's findings provide valuable knowledge for managing the animal's populations in both New Zealand and Australia.
A genetic study has decoded the lineage of 'Old Tom,' a famous killer whale in Australia, and found ancestral connections to modern-day New Zealand orcas. The research also reveals that the killer whales of Eden may have become extinct locally due to a lack of shared DNA with other killer whales globally.
Research reveals that faster placental growth increases the risk of preeclampsia and shorter pregnancy duration. Genetic variations affecting placental size also influence baby weight and mother's health.
A large-scale genetic study has identified 12 DNA variants associated with an increased risk of attempting suicide. The research highlights links between genetic factors and health conditions such as impulsivity, smoking, chronic pain, and heart disease.
Researchers have identified a specific error in the NOTCH1 gene that causes rare kidney cancer reninoma. The study found that using existing drugs targeting this gene could serve as an alternative treatment for patients where surgery is not recommended.
A groundbreaking study from the University of Copenhagen sheds light on the significance of transmitting epigenetic information during cell division for proper function of embryonic stem cells. The researchers found that histones play a crucial role in maintaining epigenome stability and cell identity.
A team of researchers has fully sequenced the Y chromosome, completing the human genome puzzle and unveiling new insights into male-specific development, fertility, and disease. The achievement reveals detailed structures of sperm-regulating gene families and discovers additional genes in the Y chromosome.
Researchers have developed a new gene-editing tool that enables the precise study of single-base mutations in cancer-causing genes. This technology allows for detailed experiments in tissues, which may lead to better understanding of genetic changes influencing patient response to cancer therapies.
Researchers at Nagoya University identified a genetic sequence in thale cress crucial for plant reproduction and fertilization. The discovery of the Synergid-specific Activation Element of MYB98 (SaeM) is expected to improve seed production, increase plant yields, and enhance crossbreeding between plant species.
Scientists from the University of Copenhagen found that cancer cells have different ribosomes compared to other cells, which produce specific proteins. This discovery may lead to improved treatments in regenerative medicine and potentially better treatments for cancer.
A team of researchers has identified a unique genetic signature in CAR T-cells that enables them to persist in the body for a longer time, leading to improved remission rates for children with leukaemia. This discovery provides a new understanding of why some CAR T-cells last longer and can help improve treatment outcomes.
Researchers at SRI International have identified genes that enable insects to produce terpenes, a key component of their chemical communication. This breakthrough provides a roadmap for understanding how these chemicals are used and could lead to new ways to protect crops and prevent insect-borne diseases.
Researchers developed CrossDome, a tool that uses genetic and biochemical information to predict T-cell immunotherapy's impact on healthy cells. The tool identified high-risk candidates in cases where treatments mistakenly attacked heart cells.
Researchers discover cBAF protein complex plays crucial role in controlling T cell fate during infection. The study reveals how chromatin remodeling and genetic code accessibility influence the development of cytotoxic T cells into effector and memory subtypes.
Researchers from the University of Surrey investigate how protons move in Hachimoji DNA, a synthetic form of DNA not yet found in nature. They find that proton transfer happens more easily in Hachimoji DNA compared to regular DNA, suggesting potential implications for mutation rates and genetic systems.
The Somatic Mosaicism across Human Tissues (SMaHT) Network aims to identify and catalog genetic variants in different individuals, enabling research into development, aging and disorders. A $15 million grant from the NIH Common Fund supports this project, led by Dr. Ting Wang and co-led by Dr. Hui Shen.
Researchers have discovered a novel feature of long intergenic noncoding RNAs (lincRNAs) that can serve as markers indicating specific types of tissue. This finding has the potential to lead to highly specific disease treatments by targeting diseased tissues.
A new clinical RNA sequencing platform at SickKids is helping researchers understand complex genetic conditions and improve diagnosis for patients with rare diseases. The platform has been validated to be used in the clinical space, providing valuable diagnostic information that complements genome sequencing.
Researchers from City University of Hong Kong developed a unified colour system based on prime numbers, called C<sub>235</sub>, which can represent various colours more efficiently than existing systems like RGB and CMYK. The new colour system has potential applications in designing energy-saving LCD systems and colourizing DNA codons.
Researchers estimate transcription error rates in human cells and identify genetic and epigenetic factors responsible for inaccuracies. Inaccurate transcription produces truncated or altered proteins, leading to disease.
Using an AI, researchers successfully designed synthetic DNA that controls protein production in cells. The technology can speed up the development of vaccines, drugs for severe diseases, and alternative food proteins.
Researchers develop CRISPR-Cas systems associated with transposons to rewrite large chunks of DNA in organisms like E. coli. This expands the CRISPR toolbox for flexible genome editing and has significant implications for therapeutics, biotechnology, and agriculture.
A study reveals that porcini mushrooms have evolved in different ways across the globe, with local ecological factors playing a stronger role in maintaining genetic distinctiveness than genetic flow. The findings challenge traditional notions of species development and suggest multiple evolutionary strategies for this organism.