Mrna Levels
Articles tagged with Mrna Levels
How faulty mRNA is destroyed
Researchers have identified a crucial mechanism behind nonsense-mediated mRNA decay (NMD), which removes faulty transcripts to prevent incomplete protein production. The study reveals that the SMG5 and SMG6 proteins interact directly, forming an endonuclease that cuts through RNA in a targeted manner.
Gene circuits enable more precise control of gene therapy
Researchers at MIT developed a control circuit that can precisely regulate gene expression levels, improving the efficacy and safety of gene therapy treatments. The 'COMMAND' circuit uses microRNA to suppress gene expression, allowing for tighter control over treatment outcomes.
RNA pseudouridine emerges as a novel diagnostic target for colorectal cancer: High-resolution pseudouridine sequencing reveals correlation with clinical markers, offering new avenues for early detection and treatment.
Researchers have discovered RNA pseudouridine as a novel diagnostic target for colorectal cancer. The study found correlations between pseudouridine modifications and clinical markers, enabling potential non-invasive diagnosis. The findings provide a molecular framework for RNA epigenetics-based stratification and targeted interventions.
NAT10 primes a post-transcriptional repertoire essential for the maintenance of spermatogonial homeostasis
This study reveals NAT10 is crucial for spermatogonial proliferation and differentiation. In Nat10-deficient mice, infertility occurs with reduced testicular sizes, germ cell depletion, and a loss of spermatogonial homeostasis.
Scientists find new biomarker that predicts cancer aggressiveness
Researchers found a biomarker, RNA Polymerase II (RNAPII), associated with tumor aggressiveness and recurrence in meningioma and breast cancers. The study developed a novel profiling technology, Cleavage Under Targeted Accessible Chromatin (CUTAC), to measure gene transcription activity from DNA, which predicted cancer outcomes.
An RNA inhibitor may effectively reduce a high-risk type of cholesterol in patients with cardiovascular disease
Researchers found that olpasiran significantly lowers lipoprotein(a) levels by over 95% and reduces oxidized phospholipids, which promote atherosclerosis. The study also showed no significant effects on inflammatory markers.
Textbooks need to be rewritten: RNA, not DNA, is the main cause of acute sunburn
Researchers found RNA damage triggers inflammation and cell death in skin after UV exposure. The ribotoxic stress response, orchestrated by protein ZAK-alpha, plays a key role in this process.
Deep-sea hydrothermal vent bacteria hold key to understanding nitrous oxide reduction
Researchers at Hokkaido University discovered that deep-sea hydrothermal vent bacteria can reduce nitrous oxide through an efficient energy metabolism mechanism. The study found that denitrification genes are negatively regulated by transcriptional regulators, suggesting a potential approach to mitigate climate change.
Chung-Ang University researchers unveil the biogenesis and role of transfer RNA fragments in cancer progression
Researchers at Chung-Ang University have identified a crucial role for specific tRNA fragments in cancer progression, revealing their ability to regulate gene expression and influence tumor growth. The study suggests that these fragments could serve as biomarkers for early-stage cancer detection and targets for therapeutic interventions.
Age on the molecular level: showing changes through proteins
Researchers have created a comprehensive database of protein changes in mice tissues due to aging, providing new insights into age-related diseases. The study reveals proteins that increase with age and improve understanding of the molecular mechanisms underlying aging.
U of T researchers discover DNA-binding C2H2 zinc finger proteins also regulate RNA processing
Researchers at U of T have discovered that C2H2 zinc finger proteins, which primarily bind to DNA, also regulate RNA processing through various mechanisms. These proteins modify mRNA, controlling its length and altering it after transcription.
Research provides new insights into role of mechanical forces in gene expression
For the first time, researchers have demonstrated how mechanical forces affect gene expression by showing that RNAP polymerase remains on the DNA template and can be pulled to start a subsequent cycle of transcription. This force-directed recycling mechanism can change the relative abundance of adjacent genes.
Chinese Medical Journal review article explores cerebellar involvement in Parkinson's disease
Researchers comprehensively reviewed cerebellar involvement in Parkinson's disease, highlighting the pathophysiological role of the cerebellum in motor and non-motor symptoms. Studies showed abnormal α-synuclein aggregation, neurodegeneration, and altered functional connectivity between the cerebellum and other brain regions.
Consensus paper: Carcinogenicity of gene therapies
Researchers have shown that repeated administration of lipid nanoparticle-encapsulated mRNA therapy significantly extended survival and reduced serum leucine levels in a mouse model of maple syrup urine disease. The treatment approach may represent a potential long-term universal treatment for MSUD.
Lipid nanoparticle mRNA therapy improves survival in mouse models of maple syrup urine disease
Researchers developed a treatment approach using lipid nanoparticles to deliver mRNA therapy for MSUD, extending survival and reducing serum leucine levels. The study also identified a novel AAV variant with desirable biodistribution properties for targeting peripheral organs.
Platypus and chicken reveal how chromosomes balance between the sexes
Scientists have discovered a novel mechanism of dosage compensation in platypus and chicken, where protein levels are balanced despite imbalanced mRNA levels. This finding challenges previous assumptions about the role of RNA in gene expression.
Effectiveness of using siRNA to treat Huntington’s disease
A new study published in Nucleic Acid Therapeutics found that siRNA reduces huntingtin mRNA levels in the cytoplasm but not in the nucleus of mouse brains, suggesting a limitation in its effectiveness for treating Huntington's disease. The research highlights the importance of understanding the structure and function of nuclear RNA to ...
Improving the design of mRNA-loaded nanocarriers for targeted therapies
Scientists improve stability and bioavailability of mRNA nanocarriers using triphenylphosphonium, leading to increased protein production in tumor tissues. The TPP-based system also shows higher mRNA levels in blood after 30 minutes compared to amine-based micelles.
Study suggests regular vaccine boosts may help people who are immunocompromised fight Covid-19
A study published in Clinical Infectious Diseases found that regular booster doses of bivalent vaccines can maintain a person's ability to neutralize multiple SARS-CoV-2 strains, including XBB.1.5. This is especially important for immunocompromised groups, such as solid organ transplant recipients.
Research shows how RNA 'junk' controls our genes
Researchers at Arizona State University created a detailed map of the 3'UTR regions of RNA in C. elegans, revealing crucial elements for gene regulation and protein production. The study provides valuable insights into the machinery of gene control, shedding light on fundamental biological processes essential to human health and disease.
Feeling rough after your COVID shot? Congrats, it’s working!
A new study led by UCSF found that COVID-19 vaccine side effects like headache and tiredness indicate a strong immune response. Those with more symptoms had nearly double the antibody levels of those without, suggesting the vaccine is effective in preventing infection.
Bird flu: diverse range of vaccines platforms “crucial” for enhancing human pandemic preparedness
A new review emphasizes the importance of vaccination in preventing avian influenza spread among humans. The study suggests that a diverse range of vaccine platforms, including inactivated and live attenuated vaccines, as well as emerging alternatives like mRNA vaccines, will be crucial for enhancing pandemic preparedness.
Inhibitory effect of miR-377 on prostate cancer cells
Researchers found that miR-377 reduces MYC mRNA levels, leading to increased Bax and PTEN expression and decreased CDK4. This results in induced apoptosis, inhibited proliferation, and arrested cell cycle in prostate cancer cells.
Age-associated gene expression changes in mouse sweat glands
Researchers investigated molecular changes in aging mouse sweat glands, finding 171 mRNAs enriched in secretory cells. Altered mRNA and protein abundance were associated with age-related declines in sweat gland function.
Singapore study identifies immunity threshold for protection against COVID-19 in children
Researchers found that T cells and memory B cells provide durable protection against symptomatic SARS-CoV-2 infection, with levels attainable after two doses of mRNA vaccination. The study suggests a two-dose vaccination regimen for children against COVID-19.
Elucidating the role of a shared lncRNA-miRNA-mRNA network in exacerbating Parkinson’s disease symptoms in the context of COVID-19 infection
Researchers found a shared triple network of long noncoding RNAs, microRNAs, and messenger RNAs that exacerbates Parkinson's disease symptoms in the context of COVID-19 infection. The study identified key genes and lncRNAs as potential biomarkers for PD diagnosis and progression.
Chinese Medical Journal study reviews the role of a ribonucleic acid “MALAT1” in hematological malignancies
Researchers identified elevated MALAT1 levels in various blood cancers, correlating with adverse outcomes. MALAT1 promotes cancer cell proliferation, migration, invasion, and metastasis through multiple mechanisms.
Vaccine shows promise against CMV, a virus that causes birth defects
An experimental mRNA vaccine against CMV elicited promising immune responses, outperforming a previous vaccine candidate in preventing the virus from infecting epithelial cells. The new vaccine may protect adults against CMV, potentially preventing women from passing the infection to their babies during pregnancy.
Johns Hopkins researchers make progress toward developing blood tests for psychiatric and neurological disorders
Johns Hopkins researchers have made progress toward developing a blood test to identify disease-associated changes in the brain linked to postpartum depression and other psychiatric disorders. They identified 26 placental mRNAs present in maternal blood only during pregnancy, which reflected changes occurring inside the tissues.
TTUHSC researcher to study new pathway to inhibit protein found in many cancers
Researchers at TTUHSC are studying a new approach to inhibit STAT3, a protein associated with 70% of human tumors. Disrupting STAT3 synthesis on ribosomes could lead to new cancer treatments.
Scientists shed light on how stressed cells sequester protein-forming mRNAs
Researchers at Weill Cornell Medicine have discovered that a tiny chemical modification on mRNAs, known as m6A, is key to the formation of stress granules during cell stress. Longer mRNAs dominate stress granules because they have high levels of m6A, which triggers their sequestration.
Unraveling the mystery of semi-extractable RNAs from human cell lines
The study identifies 1,074 semi-extractable RNAs potentially involved in phase-separated membraneless organelles. These RNAs are enriched in repressed heterochromatin regions and act as hubs for RNA-RNA interactions.
Antisense therapy restores fragile X protein production in human cells
A novel antisense therapy has restored fragile X protein production in human cell samples, revealing aberrant alternative splicing of messenger RNA as a key factor in fragile X syndrome. This finding offers real hope for developing new treatments and improving the lives of individuals affected by the condition.
Scientists design a nanoparticle that may improve mRNA cancer vaccines
Researchers developed a biodegradable nanoparticle that reaches dendritic cells in mice with melanoma and colon cancer, activating an immune response. The nanoparticle improves survival rates for these cancers, with half of mice surviving long-term after treatment.
New research centre will RNA medicine for better treatment of metabolic diseases
A new research centre will focus on developing new types of RNA medicine for treating metabolic diseases. The centre, led by Professor Jørgen Kjems at Aarhus University, aims to create targeted treatments for conditions like diabetes and atherosclerosis.
New testing approach diagnoses COVID-19 with near-perfect accuracy
A new method developed by Flatiron Institute researchers can diagnose COVID-19 with near-perfect accuracy, even in asymptomatic patients. The technique monitors the body's molecular response to a viral attack and measures mRNA molecules to identify an immune response.
COVID-19 booster increases durability of antibody response, research shows
A new study from the University of Virginia Health System found that mRNA booster shots increase the durability of antibodies to COVID-19. The boosters led to longer-lasting antibodies, even in those who had previously recovered from a COVID-19 infection.
Estimating tumor-specific total mRNA level predicts cancer outcomes
Researchers developed a mathematical technique to measure total tumor-specific mRNA levels from bulk tumor sequencing data, associating higher mRNA levels with reduced patient survival. The study suggests this approach could serve as a prognostic biomarker for various cancers, guiding treatment selection.
Boosting liver mRNAs curbs appetite, body weight in obese mice
A breakthrough discovery has identified a novel approach to tackle metabolic diseases by inhibiting a liver enzyme that regulates appetite and energy expenditure. The treatment, which stabilizes key proteins in the blood, resulted in significant weight loss and improved insulin sensitivity in obese mice.
Examining myocarditis cases reported after mRNA-based COVID-19 vaccination
This study examined reports of myocarditis after mRNA-based COVID-19 vaccination, finding a higher risk among younger males. The researchers estimated the risk based on age, sex, and vaccine type, providing valuable insights into the potential side effects of these vaccines.
In Covid-19 vaccinated people, those with prior infection likely to have more antibodies
Researchers at Johns Hopkins Medicine found that antibody levels against SARS-CoV-2 stay higher in people who were infected by the virus and then received protection from mRNA vaccine compared to those who only got vaccinated. A longer interval between virus exposure and first vaccine dose may enhance antibody response.
Quantification of specific antibodies against SARS-CoV-2 in breast milk of lactating women vaccinated with an mRNA vaccine
This observational study evaluates the concentration of SARS-CoV-2 antibodies in breast milk of lactating women who received mRNA vaccines. The findings suggest a correlation between serum antibody levels and breast milk antibody concentrations.
SARS-CoV-2 antibody responses in previously infected individuals after Pfizer/Biontech vaccine
Researchers evaluated antibody levels after Pfizer/BioNTech vaccine in previously infected and uninfected individuals, finding a significant increase in SARS-CoV-2 spike immunoglobin G antibodies. The study suggests the vaccine effectively boosts immunity in those who have already been infected.
Concerns over integrity of mRNA molecules in some COVID-19 vaccines
Early commercial batches of Pfizer-BioNTech's COVID-19 vaccine had lower than expected levels of intact mRNA molecules, a finding that raised concerns about the manufacturing process and its impact on vaccine potency. Regulators like the EMA and FDA are unsure of the implications for safety and efficacy.
Percentage of African ancestry affects gene expression
A new Northwestern University study reveals that the percentage of African ancestry influences gene production, affecting disease risk and medication response. The research highlights the importance of considering individual ancestry in precision medicine and drug discovery for diverse populations.
Imaging mRNA right where it is made -- at the site of translation
Researchers create technique to observe mRNA at ribosome sites, revealing protein synthesis and cellular responses to iron. The method is applicable to any type of RNA and could be modified for other interactions.
Cells amplify messenger RNA levels to set protein levels
A new statistical analysis of mRNA and protein levels in budding yeast found that mRNA levels account for 85% of differences in protein levels, amplifying the relationship between the two. This discovery contradicts previous studies suggesting that post-transcriptional regulation overrides mRNA levels.
RNA measurements may yield less insight about gene expression than assumed
A recent study of over 4,000 genes found that most RNA expression differences do not affect protein abundance, suggesting a previously unknown buffering mechanism regulates gene expression. This discovery highlights the importance of further analysis in studies relying on RNA measurements to characterize gene function.
New information about how neurons act could lead to brain disorder advancements
Researchers found that individual neurons can react differently to electrical signals and compensate by altering their own outputs. This variability may be important in discovering underlying problems associated with brain disorders.
RNA snippets control protein production by disabling mRNAs
Researchers discovered that microRNAs primarily disable mRNA templates to control protein production. This allows for easier study of gene targets through mRNA levels rather than protein levels.
Stability of mRNA/DNA and DNA/DNA duplexes modulates mRNA transcription
Research suggests that thermodynamic stability of DNA/DNA and RNA/DNA duplexes affects mRNA transcription levels. The study found stable sense duplexes in coding sequences and increased mRNA levels with increasing stability.
A new culprit in depression?
A multi-university study found that levels of fibroblast growth factors (FGFs) and their receptors were significantly lower in people with severe clinical depression. The researchers also found that those who had been taking antidepressants before death had levels closer to normal.
Post-transcriptional regulation of COX2 in tumor cells
Researchers investigated post-transcriptional regulation of COX2 in tumor cells. They found that microRNA-21 plays a crucial role in modulating COX2 expression by targeting its mRNA for degradation.
Paralyzed worms add pieces to the puzzle of RNA interference
Researchers discovered that certain genes are involved in both RNA interference and nonsense-mediated decay, a protective mechanism that prevents defective protein production. The findings provide valuable clues to the relationship between these two cellular processes.
Getting to the core of reovirus
Researchers at the Howard Hughes Medical Institute solved the structure of the reovirus core, a double-stranded RNA virus that bears similarity to pathogens such as rotavirus. The study reveals how the core synthesizes, modifies, and exports viral messenger RNA, ultimately leading to viral replication and takeover of host cells.
Duke Study Finds More Genes May Be Affected By Toxic Cadmium
Researchers at Duke University have identified 31 genes that react to cadmium exposure, including 22 previously unknown genes. These findings offer new insights into the toxic effects of cadmium and potential biomarkers for monitoring contamination.
Dismantling Dangerous Genetic Codes With A Faster, More Flexible RNA Mimic
A chemist at Washington University has created a molecule that mimics the behavior of ribozymes, acting as a catalyst to dismantle dangerous genetic codes involved in viral and fungal diseases, certain cancers, and HIV. The discovery shows great promise for improved drug treatments.
"A Thousand (And More) Points Of Light" Yield New View Into Cells
Scientists have visualized individual mRNA transcripts for the first time, revealing a cyclical transcription process that hits its peak in 30 minutes. The technique also shows that genes are transcribed at a limited rate by the number of polymerase/mRNA units at a gene's stopping point.