Articles tagged with Colorectal Neoplasms
Researchers at UCSF have discovered a new therapeutic target, SRC, present on up to half of all tumors, which can be targeted with antibody drugs. The enzyme, normally hidden inside cells, is exposed on the surface of tumor cells due to an overactive disposal system, making it an easy target for cancer-killing antibodies.
Researchers found people with both types of polyps are up to five times more likely to develop advanced pre-cancerous changes. The study supports growing evidence that these two types may represent separate cancer pathways.
The ESMO Gastrointestinal Cancers Congress 2025 will cover topics such as molecular prevention and precision therapy, patient-centred approaches and quality of life. Key findings include the efficacy and safety of combined immunotherapy for hepatocellular carcinoma and colorectal cancer.
A study analyzed serum bile acid profiles in patients with colonic polyps and cancer, finding lower deoxycholic acid levels and higher taurocholic acid levels in those with colonic neoplasms. The study suggests a potential relationship between bile acid profiles and colonic neoplasms risk.
The review explores advancements in endoscopic resection techniques, highlighting the benefits of Endoscopic Mucosal Resection (EMR) and Endoscopic Submucosal Dissection (ESD). EMR is preferred for simpler polyps, while ESD is indicated for complex ones with deeper submucosal invasion.
A new multitarget stool RNA test, ColoSense, has been shown to detect colorectal neoplasia with high sensitivity and comparable specificity to existing molecular diagnostic tests. The test also demonstrated significant improvement in sensitivity relative to the fecal immunochemical test.
Two studies demonstrate that artificial intelligence in colonoscopy can increase adenoma detection rates and reduce miss rates, but also lead to increased removal of non-neoplastic polyps. The findings suggest the need for additional research on more defined detection parameters before AI can be integrated into routine clinical care.
This study found that advanced colorectal neoplasia prevalence is low 10 or more years after a negative screening colonoscopy. Extended screening intervals may be recommended for female and younger participants without gastrointestinal symptoms.
Researchers developed an algorithm to identify different regions within tumors using nearly 6,500 digital slide images. The algorithm can predict recurrence-free survival and help guide therapy for patients with colon cancer.
A new study by Tokyo University of Science researchers reveals that dendritic cell immunoreceptor (DCIR) plays a crucial role in the development of colorectal tumors. Blocking DCIR may prevent ulcerative colitis and colon cancer, offering a potential therapeutic target for treating these diseases.
Scientists have discovered a new therapeutic approach to aid the immune system in fighting cancer, offering hope for better solutions for patients. Researchers found that blocking the EP4 molecule can 'free' the immune system and restore its cancer-fighting functions.
Researchers at the University of Alabama at Birmingham have developed a method to identify non-responding tumors using hypoxia imaging, which shows promise for improving response rates. Investigational new drug evofosfamide was found beneficial in treating hypoxic tumors with immunotherapy.
The new guidelines aim to improve scientific reproducibility, accurate comparisons, and avoid misinterpretations in interventional oncology studies. The panel recommended analyzing parameters such as overall survival, disease-free survival, and short-term complications per patient and procedure.
Researchers found SHP2, a potential cancer therapy target, promotes innate immunosuppression in colon cancer by activating STING-TBK1-IRF3-mediated type I interferon signaling. The study used single-cell transcriptomics to explore SHP2's role in the tumor microenvironment.
Research reveals CABYR-a/b and CABYR-c proteins are expressed in a subset of colorectal cancers, making them potential targets for specific immunotherapy. The study found that these proteins are highly expressed in 70% of patients with relative expression ratios over 1.
Researchers developed an exosome-based therapeutic strategy to target and treat late-stage colorectal cancer by disrupting immunosuppressive factors. In preclinical models, this approach proved effective in enhancing the anti-tumor immune response and controlling tumor growth.
A new study suggests that most rectal cancer patients can replace aggressive surgery with radiochemotherapy and close surveillance, with a low risk of tumor regrowth. Almost 70% of patients who underwent the 'watch and wait' protocol remained cancer-free for years, making intensive follow-up possible.
A study of over 600 patients with colorectal cancer found that higher levels of T cells and greater diversity of T cell receptors are associated with better outcomes. The new biomarker, called TCR immuno-sequencing, measures the amount of infiltrated T lymphocytes and their clonality.
A recent study reveals that cancers have already spread in a high percentage of people by the time recommended screening begins for colorectal cancer. The rate of colorectal cancer incidence increased significantly between ages 49 and 50, with 92.9% of diagnosed cases at age 50 being invasive.
A study published in BJS Open found that mortality rates from colorectal cancer surgery are significantly higher in smaller hospitals with lower annual case numbers. Hospitals performing more operations per year have better patient survival rates, likely due to increased access to specialized care and equipment.
A new noninvasive diagnostic method using circulating tumor DNA can detect colorectal cancer in at-risk patients with high accuracy. The technology, developed by Huiyan Luo et al., uses methylation markers to identify patients with a sensitivity and specificity of 87.5% and 89.9%, respectively.
A new deep-learning platform, maui, analyzes multiple 'omics' datasets to identify relevant patterns and features associated with colorectal cancer. The platform was found to be more accurate and faster than other machine learning algorithms, and could potentially improve diagnosis and treatment options for patients.
Researchers have identified two proteins that, when inactivated, make tumoral cells more sensitive to chemotherapy and reduce metastatic capacity. This finding provides a rationale for creating new therapies against colorectal cancer, particularly in fibroblast-rich tumor subgroups.
A study by Duke University Medical Center researchers has identified early cell movement as a potential indicator of malignant tumors in colorectal cancer. The team analyzed 19 human colorectal tumors, finding that invasive samples exhibited signatures of abnormal cell movement more frequently than benign tumors.
Researchers at Thomas Jefferson University successfully killed tumors and prevented metastatic growth in mouse models of colorectal cancer using CAR-T cell therapy, targeting the GUCY2C antigen. The therapy achieved high survival rates without side effects, paving the way for potential human clinical trials.
Researchers defined cell-type composition of cancerous cells from 11 colorectal tumors using single-cell genomics and computational techniques. The study identified two distinct subtypes of cancer-associated fibroblasts that contribute to a worse prognosis in colorectal cancer patients.
Researchers found that colorectal tumors have different regions with varying levels of epigenetic changes, which relate to the tumor's growth rate and aggressiveness. This heterogeneity can be used to predict prognosis and treatment resistance.
Researchers discovered that oral microbes like fusobacteria travel through the bloodstream to reach colorectal tumors, where they proliferate and accelerate cancer. The study sheds light on how these bacteria home in on tumors using a protein called Fap2.
A study published in Cell Reports reveals that the Musashi genes MSI1 and MSI2 play a key role in colon cancer development, acting redundantly with the Wnt pathway. Inhibiting these proteins blocks tumor growth in both human cells and mice, suggesting potential new targets for effective treatment.
By analyzing the types of gut bacteria present around colorectal tumors, researchers found a correlation between microbiome composition and mutations in tumor cells. The study developed a method to predict mutation types based on microbiome analysis, which correctly identified about half of the most common mutations.
A team of researchers from Oxford University has identified a protein called PAT4 that tumours use to detect food supplies. Targeting this protein may restrict cancerous cells' ability to grow and improve survival rates.
Researchers have identified new mutations in six genes that may explain why some patients respond to a class of anti-cancer drugs known as EGFR inhibitors. These discoveries were made using human tumors grafted into mice, called tumorgraft avatars, which provide a unique environment for studying individual tumor responses to therapy.
Researchers found molecular differences in younger-onset CRC tumors related to epigenetics and gene expression. This discovery could lead to tailored treatments for younger patients. The study analyzed genetic mutations in 126 under-50 patients and 368 over-50 patients, revealing distinctive patterns.
Researchers found that reactivating a single gene turned colorectal cancer cells back into normal tissue within days, stopping tumor growth and eliminating signs of cancer. The study provides proof of principle for developing effective cancer treatments by targeting specific tumor suppressor genes.
Researchers found that silibinin from milk thistle significantly slowed the growth of colorectal cancer stem cells in mice, reducing tumor size and metabolism. Re-injecting these cancer stem cells into new mice showed a loss of their potential to form aggressive tumors even without silibinin exposure.
A new biomarker, PAS, has been identified to predict cetuximab response in colorectal cancer (CRC) patients with wild-type K-ras. This finding could help physicians make better treatment decisions, improving patient outcomes.
A study published in Nature Genetics reveals that the tissue surrounding tumor cells holds the key to classifying colon tumors into good or bad prognosis. By analyzing this tissue, scientists can identify patients at risk of relapse and develop targeted treatments using TGF-beta inhibitors.
Researchers found high TNF alpha levels in tumor tissue correlate with increased numbers of activated killer cells and a favorable course of the disease. The study suggests that TNF alpha could serve as an independent biomarker for disease prognosis.
Researchers found that patients with Barrett's esophagus and low-grade dysplasia have a high incidence rate of esophageal adenocarcinoma, while metabolic syndrome and smoking heighten concerns regarding colorectal cancer screening in men. A new guideline for endoscopy in patients with lower gastrointestinal bleeding is also introduced.
Researchers discovered that microRNA-135b (miR-135b) is overexpressed in both mouse and human colorectal tumors, associated with poor clinical outcomes. The study suggests that miR-135b could be a valuable target for colorectal cancer treatment and a biomarker of tumor progression.
A new study published in mBio found that transferring gut microbes from mice with colon tumors increased the risk of tumors in germ-free mice. The research indicates that inflammation and interactions between gut microbiota play a critical role in tumor formation.
Two studies link fusobacteria from mouth to colorectal cancer formation by stimulating bad immune responses and activating cancer growth genes. Fusobacteria rely on FadA molecule to attach to and invade human cells, promoting tumor growth.
A study analyzing 40,000 screening colonoscopies found men have a higher rate of advanced tumors compared to women in all age groups. The researchers suggest sex-specific age recommendations for screening colonoscopy could result in lower CRC mortality rates.
A study found that colorectal cancer patients with the KRAS p.G13D gene mutation had longer overall and progression-free survival when treated with cetuximab compared to those with other KRAS mutations. This suggests a potential benefit of cetuximab in certain patients with chemotherapy-refractory metastatic colorectal cancer.
A new study found that obesity is associated with a higher risk of developing colorectal tumors lacking microsatellite instability. The study also revealed that the relationship between body mass index and adult weight gain differs for tumors with varying levels of MSI.
Expression of EpCAM and ABCG5 within tumor buds stratify patients with colorectal cancer into prognostic subgroups, particularly those with node-negative disease. These biomarkers may identify patients at high risk of poor outcome, warranting adjuvant therapy.
A new study published in the Journal of the National Cancer Institute found that colonoscopies significantly reduced the prevalence of left-sided advanced colorectal neoplasms by 85% in a community setting. The study, which analyzed data from 3,287 participants, also showed no significant reduction in right-sided advanced neoplasms.
A study found that cetuximab was not cost-effective for all patients with advanced colorectal cancer. However, it showed promise when used in patients whose tumors had wild-type KRAS genes. The authors suggest restricting cetuximab treatment to these patients to save costs.
A recent meta-analysis published in JAMA found that smoking is significantly associated with an increased risk for colorectal cancer (CRC) and death. The study analyzed data from nearly 40,000 new cases of CRC, indicating a 25% higher risk of CRC death among smokers compared to non-smokers.
The study found that high concentrations of serum folate/vitamin B12 are associated with an increased risk of promoter methylation in tumor-specific genes, which is modified by the MTHFR C677T genotype. The results suggest a potential protective effect against colorectal cancer.
Researchers found non-polypoid (flat) colon lesions are relatively common and more likely to contain cancerous tissue than polypoid lesions. The study estimated the prevalence of NP-CRNs to be 9.35% and found that depressed-type NP-CRNs had a higher risk of containing cancer.
The study showed significant benefits of Avastin with Taxol in treating metastatic breast cancer, nearly doubling the time between chemotherapy initiation and tumor progression. This achievement demonstrates Avastin's potential as an antiangiogenic agent in breast cancer therapy.
A recent study published in Gastroenterology found that high glucose levels are a strong risk factor for colorectal cancer. Patients with elevated insulin and glucose levels had a 50% increased risk of recurrence of colorectal tumors. Maintaining a healthy glycemic index may help reduce this risk.
A study found that patients with newly diagnosed coronary artery disease had nearly twice the prevalence of colorectal tumors compared to the general population. Colorectal cancer is associated with chronic inflammation, a common pathway with atherosclerosis and CAD.
New research suggests folic acid supplementation does not decrease colorectal tumor risk and may actually increase it. The study found that participants receiving folic acid had higher rates of advanced adenomas and multiple adenomas compared to those in the placebo group.
Researchers have found a significant reduction in the overall colorectal tumor miss rate using advanced colonoscopy technologies, establishing a new benchmark for accurate screening and detection. High levels of C-reactive protein are also associated with increased risk of colorectal adenoma in men, but not in women.
Researchers found that galectin-3 breaks down protective shield MUC1, allowing cancer cells to attach to blood vessel wall and form tumours at secondary sites. The study has significant implications for future drug developments for cancer treatment.
Researchers found whole-body PET/CT scans accurate in diagnosing colorectal cancer stages, changing patient management in 9% of cases. This non-invasive method offers a single-stage approach, reducing burden on patients and clinicians compared to conventional imaging procedures.
New guidelines have been revised to improve the detection of hereditary nonpolyposis colorectal cancer (HNPCC) by prioritizing MSI testing in patients under 50 and those with family history, reducing risk for cancers associated with specific mutations.
Researchers found that feeding ginger to mice before and after tumor injection slowed tumor growth, with 12 out of 20 mice still alive at the 49th day. The study suggests that ginger compounds may have chemopreventive and/or chemotherapeutic effects on colorectal carcinomas.