Articles tagged with Excretion
Comprehensive exploration of living organisms, biological systems, and life processes across all scales from molecules to ecosystems. Encompasses cutting-edge research in biology, genetics, molecular biology, ecology, biochemistry, microbiology, botany, zoology, evolutionary biology, genomics, and biotechnology. Investigates cellular mechanisms, organism development, genetic inheritance, biodiversity conservation, metabolic processes, protein synthesis, DNA sequencing, CRISPR gene editing, stem cell research, and the fundamental principles governing all forms of life on Earth.
Comprehensive medical research, clinical studies, and healthcare sciences focused on disease prevention, diagnosis, and treatment. Encompasses clinical medicine, public health, pharmacology, epidemiology, medical specialties, disease mechanisms, therapeutic interventions, healthcare innovation, precision medicine, telemedicine, medical devices, drug development, clinical trials, patient care, mental health, nutrition science, health policy, and the application of medical science to improve human health, wellbeing, and quality of life across diverse populations.
Comprehensive investigation of human society, behavior, relationships, and social structures through systematic research and analysis. Encompasses psychology, sociology, anthropology, economics, political science, linguistics, education, demography, communications, and social research methodologies. Examines human cognition, social interactions, cultural phenomena, economic systems, political institutions, language and communication, educational processes, population dynamics, and the complex social, cultural, economic, and political forces shaping human societies, communities, and civilizations throughout history and across the contemporary world.
Fundamental study of the non-living natural world, matter, energy, and physical phenomena governing the universe. Encompasses physics, chemistry, earth sciences, atmospheric sciences, oceanography, materials science, and the investigation of physical laws, chemical reactions, geological processes, climate systems, and planetary dynamics. Explores everything from subatomic particles and quantum mechanics to planetary systems and cosmic phenomena, including energy transformations, molecular interactions, elemental properties, weather patterns, tectonic activity, and the fundamental forces and principles underlying the physical nature of reality.
Practical application of scientific knowledge and engineering principles to solve real-world problems and develop innovative technologies. Encompasses all engineering disciplines, technology development, computer science, artificial intelligence, environmental sciences, agriculture, materials applications, energy systems, and industrial innovation. Bridges theoretical research with tangible solutions for infrastructure, manufacturing, computing, communications, transportation, construction, sustainable development, and emerging technologies that advance human capabilities, improve quality of life, and address societal challenges through scientific innovation and technological progress.
Study of the practice, culture, infrastructure, and social dimensions of science itself. Addresses how science is conducted, organized, communicated, and integrated into society. Encompasses research funding mechanisms, scientific publishing systems, peer review processes, academic ethics, science policy, research institutions, scientific collaboration networks, science education, career development, research programs, scientific methods, science communication, and the sociology of scientific discovery. Examines the human, institutional, and cultural aspects of scientific enterprise, knowledge production, and the translation of research into societal benefit.
Comprehensive study of the universe beyond Earth, encompassing celestial objects, cosmic phenomena, and space exploration. Includes astronomy, astrophysics, planetary science, cosmology, space physics, astrobiology, and space technology. Investigates stars, galaxies, planets, moons, asteroids, comets, black holes, nebulae, exoplanets, dark matter, dark energy, cosmic microwave background, stellar evolution, planetary formation, space weather, solar system dynamics, the search for extraterrestrial life, and humanity's efforts to explore, understand, and unlock the mysteries of the cosmos through observation, theory, and space missions.
Comprehensive examination of tools, techniques, methodologies, and approaches used across scientific disciplines to conduct research, collect data, and analyze results. Encompasses experimental procedures, analytical methods, measurement techniques, instrumentation, imaging technologies, spectroscopic methods, laboratory protocols, observational studies, statistical analysis, computational methods, data visualization, quality control, and methodological innovations. Addresses the practical techniques and theoretical frameworks enabling scientists to investigate phenomena, test hypotheses, gather evidence, ensure reproducibility, and generate reliable knowledge through systematic, rigorous investigation across all areas of scientific inquiry.
Study of abstract structures, patterns, quantities, relationships, and logical reasoning through pure and applied mathematical disciplines. Encompasses algebra, calculus, geometry, topology, number theory, analysis, discrete mathematics, mathematical logic, set theory, probability, statistics, and computational mathematics. Investigates mathematical structures, theorems, proofs, algorithms, functions, equations, and the rigorous logical frameworks underlying quantitative reasoning. Provides the foundational language and tools for all scientific fields, enabling precise description of natural phenomena, modeling of complex systems, and the development of technologies across physics, engineering, computer science, economics, and all quantitative sciences.
Researchers at Kobe University discovered that gut microbes convert glucose into short-chain fatty acids when fed sugar, highlighting a new symbiotic relationship. This finding could lead to the development of novel therapeutics for regulating gut microbiota and their metabolites.
The article discusses the need for bioanalytical assays to measure immune responses to oligonucleotide therapeutic drugs, especially when they include carriers or conjugates. Highly specific antibodies may enhance the development and production of ONTs, expanding studies on their safety and efficacy.
A new study from the University of Texas at Arlington suggests that analyzing RNA in urine can show changes in cell types, revealing early signs of cancer and other diseases. This method could help clinicians detect problems earlier when they are more easily treated without invasive procedures.
A study published in Diabetologia found that daily dark tea drinkers had a 53% lower risk of prediabetes and a 47% reduced risk of type 2 diabetes compared to non-drinkers. Drinking dark tea may help improve blood sugar control by increasing glucose excretion in urine and reducing insulin resistance.
Researchers discovered that glassy-winged sharpshooters use a 'superpropulsion' mechanism to launch droplets of pee at high speeds, conserving energy in the process. This innovative strategy helps the insect efficiently excrete its 99% water fluid waste.
Researchers have improved the FDA's equation for predicting drug interactions by addressing fundamental limitations and incorporating new models. The modified equation has shown a significantly increased accuracy of about 80%, which is expected to contribute to increasing the success rate of new drug development.
Researchers developed a noninvasive microphone sensor that uses machine learning to detect bowel diseases like cholera. The algorithm analyzes audio data from toilet sounds, identifying consistent tones for urination and singular tones for defecation.
A recent clinical trial found that low-dose benzbromarone was more effective in reducing blood urate levels in patients with renal urate underexcretion. The study showed that more participants in the benzbromarone group achieved the target blood urate level of < 6 mg/dL compared to those receiving febuxostat.
Researchers found that earthworms prefer soils with bioplastic particles and digest them differently than petroleum-derived plastics. The worms can break down bioplastics like polylactic acid into smaller fragments, which are then excreted slowly.
A study by Kyoto University found that migratory shrimp significantly enriched streams with nutrients, outperforming aquatic insects. The research highlights the crucial role of these small crustaceans in maintaining ecosystem balance and suggests integrating landscape management to support nutrient cycling.
A cross-sectional study found that mild autonomous cortisol secretion (MACS) predominantly affects women, increasing the frequency and severity of hypertension and type 2 diabetes compared to nonfunctioning adrenal tumors. Patients with MACS carried an increased cardiometabolic burden similar to Cushing Syndrome, even without typical f...
A study found that angiotensin receptor blockers improve sodium excretion in healthy black individuals who tend to retain more salt under stress. This could lead to a better treatment strategy for those with high blood pressure, particularly blacks who are often disproportionately affected.
Researchers have discovered a natural compound that can enhance the elimination of radioactive strontium from the body. The Zn-InsP6 complex has been shown to inhibit the absorption of strontium into the bloodstream and increase its excretion in the feces, potentially reducing radiation doses in humans.
Research suggests that low urine ammonium excretion may identify individuals with chronic kidney disease at high risk of progression or death. Low ammonium levels also predict increased risk of developing acidosis and a higher mortality rate.
A study of 827 US adults found that the average daily sodium intake was 3,662 milligrams, exceeding the recommended limit of 2,300mg. Potassium levels were also lower than adequate, with women and blacks having the lowest levels.
Researchers discovered factors secreted by gut bacteria, Oxalobacter formigenes, can stimulate oxalate transport and reduce urinary excretion in mice by 32.5%, potentially aiding in preventing or treating kidney stones.
Researchers found that faster intestinal calcium absorption and increased urinary excretion of calcium may predispose hypercalciuric patients to developing kidney stones. Measuring these factors could help identify individuals at risk, allowing for early prevention and treatment.
A study of over 3,500 patients with CKD found a significant association between high urinary sodium excretion and an increased risk of cardiovascular disease. The researchers discovered that moderate sodium reduction may lower CVD risk in these patients.
A study found that high urinary excretion levels of both sodium and potassium are linked with faster progression of chronic kidney disease. Patients with CKD often consume excessive amounts of sodium, which can worsen their condition.
A large national study found that higher levels of urinary albumin-to-creatinine ratio were associated with greater risk of incident but not recurrent coronary heart disease in black individuals compared to white individuals. The study also confirmed that urinary albumin excretion is an important biomarker for CHD risk.
A new study in humans published by Cell Press reveals that sodium levels actually fluctuate rhythmically over the course of weeks, independent of salt intake. The study, which examined cosmonauts participating in space-flight simulation studies, challenges widely accepted assumptions about sodium balance.
Researchers discovered a brain pathway regulating renal excretion of sodium and blood pressure control. Gαi2 protein levels change with dietary sodium intake, influencing blood pressure and kidney function.
A study found that higher sodium excretion was associated with an increased risk of cardiovascular events, while lower sodium excretion was linked to a higher risk of cardiovascular death and hospitalization for congestive heart failure. Higher potassium excretion was also found to be protective against stroke.
A McMaster University study found that moderate salt intake was linked to the lowest risk of cardiovascular events, while excessive or low salt intake increased the risk of stroke, heart attack, and other complications. The research calls into question current guidelines recommending low sodium intake.
A large cohort study found a significant association between lower urinary sodium excretion and an increased risk of cardiovascular death. In contrast, higher sodium excretion was not associated with increased hypertension or cardiovascular disease complications. The study's findings challenge current recommendations on reducing salt i...
A Spanish study estimates that the average person emits approximately two tonnes of carbon dioxide a year from food production to excretion, accounting for over 20% of total yearly emissions. Human excrements contribute significantly to water pollution with nitrogen and phosphorus, affecting aquatic ecosystems.
A study found that male diabetics with higher eosinophil counts in their blood have a stronger link to diabetic nephropathy and increased risk of heart disease. Anti-inflammatory treatments used for allergies may also benefit male patients with diabetes.
Researchers found that increased IgM excretion in diabetic nephropathy patients is associated with higher mortality from cardiovascular causes and faster disease progression. This biomarker may offer a new approach to manage the condition.
Researchers at the University of Warwick have discovered that high doses of thiamine can dramatically decrease albumin excretion and reverse early-stage diabetic kidney disease. The study found that 300mg of thiamine taken orally daily for three months reduced albumin excretion by 41% in type 2 diabetes patients.
A new study found that increasing alkali content in the diet through fruits and vegetables can counteract acid-induced bone loss. The study discovered bicarbonate has a favorable effect on bone resorption and calcium excretion.
A study found that higher levels of urinary albumin in healthy individuals, even within the considered normal range, increase the risk of developing hypertension. This suggests that kidney damage or endothelial dysfunction may be precursors to high blood pressure.
Consuming caffeinated carbonated beverages results in small but significant increases in urinary calcium excretion, displacing milk's role as a major source of bone-building calcium. Regular consumption leads to nutrient deficiencies, causing bone loss.