Articles tagged with Meristem
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Plants have a cellular strategy to adapt to environmental changes, balancing growth and flowering responses through dynamic protein relationships. This adaptation allows for continuous flower production, increasing the chances of seed production in changing conditions.
Researchers from the University of Cambridge have discovered a unified model that explains how plants control their architecture by integrating local and systemic signals. This breakthrough could help scientists design new strategies to optimize crop yield, resilience, and resource use.
A recent study published in New Phytologist reveals a crucial gene necessary for plant reproductive structures. The gene, named SHOT GLASS, is found to regulate the development of air chambers and sexual organs in liverworts, a model organism for studying plant reproduction.
A team of researchers has identified a specific peptide and receptor in barley that determine its inflorescence architecture. The discovery reveals that the number of grains formed is dependent on these elements, allowing for potential redesign of inflorescences to increase grain yield.
A new study reveals that tomato plants adapt to heat stress by delaying shoot apical stem cell development, allowing for stable yields. This redox-controlled mechanism enables the plant to temporarily suspend its maturation program during adverse conditions, resulting in significant yield losses prevention.
A Purdue team has discovered a protein called CrHAM that regulates meristem indeterminacy, preventing stem cells from differentiating into male organs. This discovery provides insights into the stem cell proliferation process and its role in maintaining gender balance in vascular plants.
The study characterised a barley mutant with extra spikelets and fused glumes due to defective organ boundary establishment. The HvALOG1 gene plays a critical role in maintaining inflorescence architecture and regulating meristem activity.
The study shows how interaction between plant hormone gibberellin and small RNA molecules enables the development of ovaries, followed by fruit and seeds in tomatoes. This knowledge serves as a basis for ways to increase tomato yield by manipulating the genetic and physiological basis of microRNA and hormone interactions.
Researchers at Nara Institute of Science and Technology identified the WOX13 gene as a key negative regulator of shoot regeneration in plants. The study found that WOX13 inhibits a subset of shoot meristem regulators while directly activating cell wall modifier genes involved in cell expansion and differentiation.
Scientists at the University of Münster have found a signaling pathway that protects plant stem cells in the root meristem from salt stress. The GSO1 receptor-like kinase helps transport sodium out of cells, preventing damage and promoting survival.
The study provides molecular data and computational models to understand the complex interactions affecting inflorescence architecture in strawberry. Researchers identified gene functions that affect branching iterations, final flower number, and berry yield.
Researchers have discovered a previously unrecognized mechanism that controls grain number in barley, potentially increasing yield. Approximately 40% of initiated floral primordia set grains, representing untapped yield potential.
Researchers discovered that non-vascular bryophytes like Marchantia polymorpha adapt their architecture in response to shade, using phytochromes to regulate branching. The study found a liverwort-specific microRNA and SPL gene controlling meristem function, differing from vascular plants.
Researchers have identified a tiny region at the root tip responsible for orchestrating vascular tissue growth. The study provides detailed insights into how plants construct phloem cells, the tissue that transports sugars, revealing key mechanisms involved in plant function and development.
Researchers from Nara Institute of Science and Technology and Nanjing University discovered a small protein, KNUCKLES, that plays multiple roles in ensuring the correct timing of floral development. This discovery reveals a regulatory pathway where KNUCKLES supports the completion of floral meristem development within a short time window.
Researchers from the IPK Leibniz Institute identified regulatory networks and signalling pathways controlling barley floral meristem development. The findings provide a deeper understanding of spikelet formation and offer an important tool for future studies.
Researchers have found that the spirals in gerbera inflorescences follow the Fibonacci sequence, with the number of left- and right-winding spirals determined by consecutive Fibonacci numbers. The study used X-ray tomography and confocal microscopy to examine how auxin levels influence the patterning of floral primordia.
Scientists have identified a gene responsible for varying cereal spike forms, offering a possible solution to increasing grain yields. The research focuses on the INT-M/DUB1 gene's ability to regulate meristem activity and determine lateral spikelet formation.
The discovery of the COM1 gene reveals its role in controlling cell growth and influencing the properties of cell walls to form spikelets. This finding provides new insights into grass inflorescence architecture and may aid in increasing barley's yield potential.
Scientists have discovered a key mechanism by which plant stem cells maintain their developmental potential, enabling branching and optimizing crop architecture. The study shows that the SHOOT MERISTEMLESS (STM) gene activates its own expression to keep its lineage active.
Researchers at Nara Institute of Science and Technology discovered how transcription factors AGAMOUS and CRABS CLAW bind to the YUC4 gene, regulating plant hormone auxin synthesis. This epigenetic regulation is crucial for proper flower formation and gynoecium development.
Scientists discovered transitional root fossils from the earliest land ecosystem, shedding light on plant root evolution. The findings suggest that modern-day plant roots have evolved multiple times, with each characteristic emerging separately.
Scientists at Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory have identified a network of genes controlling how many flowers and branches are produced in plants, with implications for crop yields and plant diversity. The discovery could lead to new ways to manipulate flowering patterns and improve food production.
Researchers identified FHY3's role as a transcriptional repressor in flower development, promoting FM determinacy. FHY3 regulates WUSCHEL and CLAVATA3 expression, and interacts with photomorphogenesis genes.
Biologists at Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory have discovered a new regulatory pathway that channels signals from leaves to stem cells, regulating their proliferation. This pathway, involving the FEA3 receptor-like protein, has near-term implications for increasing maize and staple crop yields by as much as 50%.
Researchers at the University of Missouri have discovered that boron plays a crucial role in the growth and development of corn plants. A lack of boron causes problems with the meristems, or stem cells, leading to stunted tassels and reduced crop yields.
Xuemei Chen, a professor of plant cell and molecular biology at UCR, has been elected to the National Academy of Sciences for her excellence in original scientific research. She is recognized for her groundbreaking work on plant meristem development and micro RNA molecules.
A molecular 'maturation clock' has been identified that regulates the number of branches in tomato plants, leading to increased flower and fruit production. Manipulating this clock could provide agricultural benefits by slowing down branching, resulting in more fruits.
Researchers at Texas AgriLife Research have identified a key molecular mechanism regulating plant stem cell development, which could lead to increased fruit, seed, and leaf production. By understanding how microRNAs interact with RNA silencing proteins, scientists can engineer plants to produce more biomass.
Plant cells use microscopic channels called plasmodesmata to communicate and transport nutrients; the GAT1 gene encodes an enzyme that acts as an antioxidant, relieving cellular stress and maintaining flow through these channels. Turning on this gene helps plants prevent excessive callose accumulation and keeps channels open.
Researchers found that wounded plants produce jasmonates, which inhibit cell division and stunt plant growth. This discovery opens the possibility of improving crop growth through the manipulation of the jasmonate signal pathway.
Scientists have unraveled plant architecture at the molecular level using genomic data, shedding light on flower and grain development in maize. They characterized key gene networks and biochemical pathways, providing insights into plant construction and evolutionary conservation.
Scientists from the Max Planck Institute for Developmental Biology have discovered a feedback mechanism involving hormones and regulatory proteins that controls the number of stem cells in plants. The research sheds light on how plants maintain a balance between growth and cell proliferation, preventing stunted or uncontrolled growth.
The University of Georgia has been awarded a $3.9 million NSF grant to study the genetic analysis of meristem organization and leaf initiation in plants. The team aims to improve laser dissection microscopy techniques for plant tissues, allowing researchers to analyze thousands of genes simultaneously.