Articles tagged with Isomers
Comprehensive exploration of living organisms, biological systems, and life processes across all scales from molecules to ecosystems. Encompasses cutting-edge research in biology, genetics, molecular biology, ecology, biochemistry, microbiology, botany, zoology, evolutionary biology, genomics, and biotechnology. Investigates cellular mechanisms, organism development, genetic inheritance, biodiversity conservation, metabolic processes, protein synthesis, DNA sequencing, CRISPR gene editing, stem cell research, and the fundamental principles governing all forms of life on Earth.
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Fundamental study of the non-living natural world, matter, energy, and physical phenomena governing the universe. Encompasses physics, chemistry, earth sciences, atmospheric sciences, oceanography, materials science, and the investigation of physical laws, chemical reactions, geological processes, climate systems, and planetary dynamics. Explores everything from subatomic particles and quantum mechanics to planetary systems and cosmic phenomena, including energy transformations, molecular interactions, elemental properties, weather patterns, tectonic activity, and the fundamental forces and principles underlying the physical nature of reality.
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Comprehensive study of the universe beyond Earth, encompassing celestial objects, cosmic phenomena, and space exploration. Includes astronomy, astrophysics, planetary science, cosmology, space physics, astrobiology, and space technology. Investigates stars, galaxies, planets, moons, asteroids, comets, black holes, nebulae, exoplanets, dark matter, dark energy, cosmic microwave background, stellar evolution, planetary formation, space weather, solar system dynamics, the search for extraterrestrial life, and humanity's efforts to explore, understand, and unlock the mysteries of the cosmos through observation, theory, and space missions.
Comprehensive examination of tools, techniques, methodologies, and approaches used across scientific disciplines to conduct research, collect data, and analyze results. Encompasses experimental procedures, analytical methods, measurement techniques, instrumentation, imaging technologies, spectroscopic methods, laboratory protocols, observational studies, statistical analysis, computational methods, data visualization, quality control, and methodological innovations. Addresses the practical techniques and theoretical frameworks enabling scientists to investigate phenomena, test hypotheses, gather evidence, ensure reproducibility, and generate reliable knowledge through systematic, rigorous investigation across all areas of scientific inquiry.
Study of abstract structures, patterns, quantities, relationships, and logical reasoning through pure and applied mathematical disciplines. Encompasses algebra, calculus, geometry, topology, number theory, analysis, discrete mathematics, mathematical logic, set theory, probability, statistics, and computational mathematics. Investigates mathematical structures, theorems, proofs, algorithms, functions, equations, and the rigorous logical frameworks underlying quantitative reasoning. Provides the foundational language and tools for all scientific fields, enabling precise description of natural phenomena, modeling of complex systems, and the development of technologies across physics, engineering, computer science, economics, and all quantitative sciences.
A team of researchers at TIFR Hyderabad has devised a strategy to enhance control over the separation of chemical isomers using a nanoporous metal-organic framework. This approach enables fine-tuning of molecular interactions and diffusion processes, allowing for more efficient and sustainable separation methods.
Researchers from Okayama University successfully controlled the population of the thorium-229 isomeric state using X-rays, a crucial step towards building a compact and portable nuclear clock. This achievement demonstrates the potential for nuclear clocks to advance fundamental physics research and other applications such as GPS systems.
Researchers have discovered that the Z-isomer of doxepin has a higher affinity for the H1 receptor, which could lead to the development of more effective antihistamines. The study also sheds light on how the binding environment enhances selectivity for the Z-isomer.
A team from Pohang University of Science & Technology has developed a memory transistor that can adjust its threshold voltage through photocrosslinking. The innovation combines two molecules with a polymeric semiconductor to form a stable bond, enabling precise control of the semiconductor layer's structure.
Scientists at Tokyo Institute of Technology discovered a method to generate three types of structural isomers in 3D-COFs, increasing their diversity and potential applications. The creation of these isomers allows for tunable properties such as density and pore size.
Researchers have successfully excited a scandium-45 nuclear isomer using X-ray pulses, paving the way for the creation of the world's most precise clock. The breakthrough has significant implications for fields such as nuclear physics, satellite navigation, and telecommunications.
Scientists have introduced a novel approach to change the shape of azobenzenes using visible light, enabling efficient and practical applications. The new supramolecular complex, called DESC, harnesses the power of red wavelengths to prompt molecular transformations.
A team of Japanese researchers has successfully developed a recycling photoreactor that enables the synthesis of optically pure compounds with high yields, achieving an optical purity of 98-99%. The system uses a two-step rapid photoracemization process and can produce enantiomerically pure chiral sulfoxides in yields higher than 80%.
Scientists conducted computational simulations to clarify the origin of life on Earth. The study suggests that chiral asymmetry may have originated in space through CP Lyman-α emission line, influencing the production of biological amino acids.
Researchers at Hokkaido University and Kyushu University have developed a technique to synthesize potential molecular switches from anthraquinodimethanes (AQDs), a group of overcrowded organic molecules. The synthesized derivatives can stably form twisted and folded isomers, as well as other isomeric forms, in different solvents.
Researchers at the University of Nebraska-Lincoln have discovered that the orientation of a single amino acid in peptides can direct activation to specific neurons, influencing communication among brain cells. This finding has far-reaching implications for understanding and regulating signaling processes in the brain.
Researchers discovered how enzymes metabolize chiral PCBs, leading to neurodevelopmental issues. The study found that mirror-image isomers are metabolized differently, causing selective toxicity in humans and animals.
Researchers at Peking University discovered a plant immune protein, RDR1, that can repair microRNA defects in cancer cells, leading to broad-spectrum anti-tumor response. The study provides a new strategy for tumor treatment and makes RDR1 a powerful weapon against cancer.
Researchers used an isomer beam to study isomer depletion in a low gamma-ray background environment. They found no evidence of isomer depletion and measured the excitation probability at less than 2×10^−5, consistent with theoretical calculations.
Researchers have developed an electric nose using porous metal-organic framework films to distinguish between xylene isomers in mixtures. The MOF-based e-nose achieved 86% and 96% accuracy for detecting xylene at low concentrations, paving the way for improved environmental monitoring and diagnostic health testing.
Researchers at Chalmers University of Technology have successfully converted solar energy into electricity using a thermoelectric generator. The new technology can store solar energy for up to 18 years and release it when needed, making it a promising solution for renewable energy production.
Researchers have successfully integrated the shape-shifting molecule bullvalene into a coordination cage, restricting its fluctuating behavior and enabling controlled molecular recognition. This breakthrough could lead to the development of responsive materials with fast adaptation capabilities.
Researchers at Brigham and Women's Hospital discovered a new mediator, 4S, 5S-epoxy-resolvin, that resolves acute inflammation and stimulates tissue regeneration. The study found that this mediator also controls granuloma formation in human leukocytes.
Researchers found that people with brain buildup but no dementia had normal tau protein, while those who developed plaques or tangles also had a different-handed form of tau. This suggests that a slowdown in autophagy, the process of clearing spent proteins, may be underlying cause of Alzheimer's disease.
Researchers developed a new NMR spectroscopic method to map IDP function more easily, fast, and accurately. The method sheds light on mechanisms of diseases like Parkinson's, Alzheimer's, and type 2 diabetes.
Researchers linked microscopic and macroscopic approaches to describe a technologically important chemical reaction under realistic conditions. This allows understanding why catalyst particle size plays a crucial role in chemical processes.
Researchers at Georgia Institute of Technology developed improved carbon membranes that can efficiently separate para-xylene from its siblings, reducing energy consumption by up to three times. The breakthrough could lower energy costs in producing commodity chemicals and fuels.
Researchers have developed a new method using ion mobility-mass spectrometry to detect existing and emerging dopants in urine samples. This approach aims to characterize and identify banned substances, including steroids and glucocorticoids, and potentially predict the structure of newly created illicit steroids.
Researchers at Nagoya University and Groningen University develop a method to control the daily rhythm of human cells using light. They discovered two compounds, TH303 and TH129, that can lengthen the circadian clock period and found a way to reverse this effect by changing the compound's structure with light.
Researchers have identified five cubic isomers in a tiny ice cube, including two with chirality, using a novel infrared spectroscopy technique. The study provides crucial information for understanding the formation processes of cloud, aerosol, and ice.
Researchers have successfully measured the lowest known nuclear-excited state in thorium-229, a crucial step towards constructing a nuclear clock. The measurement was made using an extremely accurate detector that detected tiny temperature increases due to energy released during de-excitation of the atomic nucleus.
Researchers at KAUST have developed a new method to separate xylenes from benzene derivatives using cucurbit[7]uril, requiring no heating or elevated pressure. The process has high efficiency and low energy consumption, making it suitable for industrial implementation.
Two research teams, including TU Wien, simultaneously demonstrate the long-sought Thorium nuclear transition, enabling extremely precise nuclear clocks. This discovery opens up new research possibilities, including investigating dark matter and measuring natural constants.
Researchers from the Salk Institute have discovered how a specific enzyme called chalcone isomerase enables plants to manufacture essential compounds, such as flavonoids, through a unique catalytic process. This knowledge could inform the development of new medicines and improved crops.
A research team at Chalmers University of Technology has developed an emissions-free energy system that can store solar energy in a liquid form for up to 18 years. The system uses a specially designed molecule that captures energy from sunlight and releases it when needed, warming the liquid by 63 degrees Celsius.
A research consortium investigated the antidiabetic action of natural fatty acids, but found no positive effects on metabolism. Previous studies had suggested a potential point of attack in treating diabetes, but these results do not support it.
Scientists have discovered a new method for combining atoms into shape-shifting molecules, enabling the creation of novel materials and drugs with unique properties. This breakthrough builds upon past discoveries of isomerism, paving the way for the development of countless new compounds.
Researchers create conditions to test theoretical nuclear effect, capturing excited nuclei and gamma rays for the first time. This advance may improve understanding of star formation and creation of star elements.
Supplementation with lutein and zeaxanthin isomers has been shown to improve macular pigment optical density, visual performance, and reduce symptoms of blue light exposure. The study found a significant reduction in eye strain and fatigue after six months of supplementation.
A randomized, double-blind study found that supplementation with lutein and zeaxanthin isomers improved psychological stress levels and measures of emotional and physical health. Chronic stress is linked to various health issues, making these findings promising for billions worldwide.
Citric acid's thermal degradation can form anhydrides, which are known to trigger allergic reactions. Researchers warn that these chemicals could be released in e-cigarette vapor, posing health risks.
Researchers create new catalytic approach to prepare compounds essential to drug discovery with high selectivity and 20 times less solvent than alternative methods. The new strategy was used to prepare the anti-cancer agent pacritinib, which is now in advanced clinical trials.
Physicists have detected a long-sought excitation state in an isotope of thorium, which could enhance atomic clock accuracy by a factor of ten. The discovery brings researchers closer to developing a working nuclear clock, with potential benefits including improved precision and resistance to external influences.
Researchers have synthesized novel selenohydantoins with promising anticancer and antioxidant activity, leveraging the potential of selenium to slow down oxidation processes. The study's findings highlight the importance of structural modification in influencing biological activity.
Researchers have developed a new analytical tool that can identify 'isomers' in lipid molecules, which may lead to the early diagnosis of cancer. The method uses tandem mass spectrometry and the Paternò-Büchi reaction to pinpoint the location of double bonds in lipids.
Researchers found that flipping the molecular attachments on an iridium hydride catalyst improves its ability to transform CO2 into formate and carbon monoxide, two precursors for methanol production. The study offers insights into designing more effective catalysts for a carbon-neutral society.
Researchers have created a way to detect ortho-para conversion in water, allowing for the study of spin isomers at the single-molecule level. By confining single water molecules in carbon cages, they can observe the transformation without hindrance.
Scientists have successfully 'caged' water molecules to observe the change in orientation of hydrogen atoms, transforming water from one form to another. By cooling the trapped molecules, researchers can track the percentages of ortho and para isomers at different temperatures.
Water molecules were successfully trapped inside fullerene spheres (buckyballs) to study spin isomers, with 70-90% filled cages observed. The results show a second-order rate law in spin conversion, highlighting the importance of molecular interactions.
Virginia Tech researchers uncover complexities of the chemical spill, determining the odor threshold concentration of the trans-isomer to be 350 parts per trillion by volume in the air. This finding highlights the need for independent measurement of cis and trans isomers to understand their properties.
A new metal-organic framework (MOF) material has been developed to separate the highest-octane components of gasoline, potentially making petroleum refining cheaper and more efficient. The MOF selectively traps lower-octane isomers, allowing for a more efficient separation process.
A Boston College research team has designed novel small-molecule catalysts triggered by a single proton, enabling efficient and selective fine chemical synthesis. The catalysts, derived from abundant amino acid valine, promote reactions at room temperature with minimal waste generation.
A new DNA-based chemical sensor has been developed, capable of discriminating between very similar molecules, even at low concentrations. The system uses carbon nanotubes and fine-tuned DNA strands to produce a measurable electrical signal when exposed to target chemicals.
Carnegie Mellon researchers successfully used NMR to determine the structure of infinitesimal gold nanoparticles, revealing their handedness. This approach offers a significant advantage over routine methods for analyzing gold nanoparticles and holds promise for developing safer, more effective drugs.
Researchers at Boston College and MIT have developed a highly selective catalyst for ring-closing olefin metathesis, allowing the efficient synthesis of epothilone C and nakadomarin A, two potent anti-cancer agents. This breakthrough has major implications for the future of chemical synthesis.
Boston College and MIT researchers developed a new catalytic chemical method to synthesize high-energy carbon-carbon double bonds, expanding the versatility of metal-based catalysts. The method uses molybdenum at its core to produce Z-selective cross metathesis reactions with unprecedented levels of reactivity and selectivity.
A Scripps Research Institute team has successfully synthesized kapakahines, marine-derived natural products with anti-leukemia potential, in large quantities for the first time. The breakthrough allows research on the compound to proceed, potentially leading to new drug treatments.
Researchers at Penn State have discovered a way to control the geometry and stability of self-assembled monolayers using different carboranethiol isomers. The new SAMs show exceptional properties, including selective capture of biomolecules and high-quality patterning.
Stevens researchers discover charge-directed heterolytic fragmentation mechanism in ortho-hydroxybenzaldehyde, while meta- and para-isomers undergo charge-remote homolytic cleavage. This study provides new insights into mass spectrometry.
Livermore researchers have made the most accurate measurement of a nuclear isomer's excitation energy, a crucial step towards controlling its decay. This breakthrough could enable the use of isomers as high-energy density storage systems like batteries, and has implications for quantum computing, general relativity testing, and more.
Researchers discovered that eating spaghetti with sauce made from orange-colored Tangerine tomatoes increased levels of cis-lycopene, a beneficial compound, in participants' blood. The study found that the body absorbed more cis-lycopene from Tangerine tomatoes than from red tomatoes.
A new compound in the diarylethene family is synthesized and produces a microcrystalline film that becomes super-water-repellent when exposed to UV light, and returns to its original state with visible light. The material's surface undergoes changes in molecular structure, leading to reversible formation of microfibrils.
Researchers discovered that the alpha isomer of toxic flame retardant HBCD accumulates in dolphin blubber due to its inability to be metabolized by enzymes. The beta and gamma isomers are broken down by cytochrome P450, leading to their exclusion from fat-rich tissues.
Researchers found that long-term albuterol use can lead to accumulation of the (S)-isomer, which reduces anti-inflammatory effects and worsens asthma symptoms. The study suggests that current combination therapies may not be realizing their full potential due to isomer interactions.
A study found that conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) supplements reduced body mass and improved management of adult-onset diabetes. Higher CLA levels were linked to lower leptin levels, a hormone regulating fat levels.