Articles tagged with Water Vapor
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Scientists have discovered a new pathway for the reaction of Criegee intermediates with water vapor, approximately 100 times faster than previously predicted. The 'roaming mechanism' driven by strong dipole-dipole interactions between molecules leads to a higher probability of reaction, revising our understanding of key atmospheric pro...
Researchers developed a first-of-its-kind wearable device that tracks gas emissions from the skin to monitor health, detect wounds and infections, and track hydration levels. The device offers a new way to assess skin health without contacting delicate tissues.
A new UCLA-led study reveals that the Hunga Tonga-Hunga Haʻapai volcano eruption in 2022 actually cooled the Southern Hemisphere by 0.1 C due to the formation of smaller sulfate aerosols. This effect was more significant than initially thought and challenges geoengineering efforts to combat climate change.
A new method using terahertz radiation has been developed to accurately measure the water content in biogas produced during biomass recycling. This allows for efficient operation and reliable results over a wide range of water vapor concentrations and temperatures.
New Delhi's air pollution is more severe than previously estimated, with particles absorbing atmospheric water vapor leading to significant underestimation of particulate matter levels. The study highlights the importance of considering hygroscopic growth and its impact on air quality assessments.
Recent studies suggest that rising temperatures could disrupt the balance of Earth's climate by increasing plant water loss. In extreme heat, plants may lose too much water to conserve it, limiting photosynthesis and reducing their role as a carbon sink.
A recent study reveals a significant long-term decline in downward surface solar radiation globally, with significant decadal variations observed over land. The research highlights the role of water vapor in DSSR changes, which was previously overlooked, and shows that future DSSR changes will depend heavily on emission scenarios.
Researchers Vincent Chevrier and Rachel Slank investigate the existence of liquid brines on Mars, concluding that current evidence is insufficient. They suggest that while brines are promising for finding life on Mars, they remain highly un-habitable by terrestrial standards.
A recent study found that atmospheric rivers contribute to over 36% of the increase in Arctic summer water vapor trends since 1979. This contribution is significant in areas where AR activity has increased, such as western Greenland and eastern Siberia.
A new study published by Texas A&M University researchers found that the Hunga Tonga volcano eruption did not contribute to global warming as initially thought. Instead, the eruption resulted in more energy leaving the climate system than entering it, leading to a slight cooling effect.
A team of astronomers has successfully detected evidence of water vapor in the atmosphere of a scorching hot Saturn, HD 149026 b. This finding is significant because it challenges the conventional wisdom that such extreme environments should not support liquid water.
Researchers developed compact devices with absorbent-coated fins that trap moisture and generate potable water when heated. The prototype can produce up to 1.3 liters of water per day in dry air, outperforming previous systems.
A global rise in Legionnaires' disease since 2000 has puzzled experts. The study suggests that a decline in sulfur dioxide air pollution may be contributing to the increase, as airborne water droplets carrying Legionella bacteria become more acidic and inhospitable to the bacteria.
Researchers make important breakthroughs in understanding water vapor transport and heavy precipitation around the Grand Canyon, shedding light on its impact on the Tibetan Plateau. The study reveals a dry bias in satellite data and highlights the need for calibration.
A new study found that atmospheric moisture has not increased as expected over arid and semi-arid regions despite climate warming. This could exacerbate future wildfires and ecosystem stress in these areas.
Researchers at Binghamton University have used environmental transmission electron microscopy to study the atomic-level mechanisms of water vapor-induced surface passivation. They discovered a second amorphous layer that diffuses oxygen into the substrate, indicating a transport mechanism that slows down corrosion.
Research by Dominik Stolzenburg reveals that aerosols from volatile organic substances can cluster together to form condensation nuclei for water vapor. This process affects cloud density and global warming, potentially offsetting the effect of CO2 increases on climate change.
A recent study by Professor Amri Wandel reveals that subglacial liquid water can extend the Habitable Zone for tidally locked planets and even broaden its limits. This discovery presents opportunities for searching for extraterrestrial life on a diverse range of exoplanets.
Researchers have reconstructed a global history of water over the past 2,000 years, showing that the global water cycle has changed during periods of higher and lower temperatures. The study found that when global temperature is higher, rain and other environmental waters become more isotopically heavy.
A University of Oklahoma-led study highlights newly measured extremes in stratospheric water vapor recorded during the DCOTSS field project. High-level thunderstorms enhance water vapor in the stratosphere at levels higher than previously understood.
International scientists discovered that cloud aggregation impacts water vapor distribution and greenhouse gas emissions. In aggregated clouds, the atmosphere tends to be drier with more enriched deuterium, while unaggregated clouds are moister with depleted deuterium.
A new solar-powered desalination system can produce drinking water at a lower cost and rate than traditional tap water. The system, developed by MIT engineers and their Chinese collaborators, uses natural sunlight to evaporate seawater, leaving salt behind, and has a higher production rate and rejection rate than previous designs.
The team's study found consistent wet biases in upper troposphere water vapor depiction across six reanalysis datasets, with the most significant bias over the Tibetan Plateau. The findings highlight the need for improved water vapor simulation in reanalysis data to enhance climate modeling and forecasting accuracy.
The James Webb Space Telescope has detected water vapor in the inner disk of PDS 70, a star with both an inner and outer disk of gas and dust. This discovery suggests that rocky planets may form with water available to them from the beginning.
Researchers at MIT have developed a superabsorbent material that can soak up record amounts of moisture from the air, even in dry conditions. The material is made by infusing hydrogel with lithium chloride and has shown to absorb and retain unprecedented amounts of water vapor.
A team of researchers from China and the UK has developed new ways to optimise the production of solar fuels by creating novel photocatalysts. These photocatalysts, such as titanium dioxide with boron nitride, can absorb more wavelengths of light and produce more hydrogen compared to traditional methods.
Researchers used the NIRISS instrument on the James Webb Space Telescope to create a temperature map of the exoplanet WASP-18 b, revealing a huge temperature change from day to night sides. Water vapor was also detected in the atmosphere at various elevations.
A new Dartmouth study projects a 52% increase in extreme precipitation events in the Northeast by the end of the century. The region is expected to experience more frequent heavy rainfall events, with winter and spring contributing most to this projected increase.
A team of researchers used JWST to observe GJ 1214b's atmosphere, discovering water vapor and a reflective haze. The findings suggest the planet is too hot to be habitable but likely contains significant amounts of water.
The Zhurong rover found evidence of liquid water on dune surfaces at low Martian latitudes, contradicting the widely held assumption that water can only exist in solid or gaseous forms. The discovery provides key observational proof and sheds light on the evolutionary history of Mars' climate.
A team led by Associate Professor Jonathan Boreyko has discovered that ice can quench heat more effectively than water, especially at high temperatures. The study found that ice absorbs heat as it melts, reducing the amount of heat available for vapor bubbles to form.
A study published in Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics found that phytoplankton productivity in the Southern Ocean contributes to dense clouds that reflect sunlight. The high density of water droplets in these clouds helps regulate global temperatures and precipitation patterns.
Researchers found a molecular pathway that plants use to direct their carbon dioxide intake, allowing for more efficient water use and increased crop resilience. This breakthrough could lead to new tools for crop breeders and farmers to produce crops robust enough for the changing environment.
A German-Chinese research team has created a more precise understanding of the behavior of tiny droplets and vapor bubbles using computer simulation. The findings have the potential to improve cooling systems for microprocessors and enhance the efficiency of green hydrogen production, as well as aid in the development of new materials.
The researchers developed an extreme wettability surface that enables controlled evaporation, directional bouncing, and transport of droplets on it. The surface can be used to study biochemistry, microfluidic systems, cell culture, and energy harvesting and utilization.
A University of California, Davis study reveals that air temperature and cloud cover are influenced by the buoyancy effect of water vapor, which is currently neglected in some leading global climate models. This effect can lead to an error of up to 50% in low cloud cover predictions, impacting the planet's energy balance.
Researchers found a way for peptide-forming reactions to occur in water, solving a decades-long puzzle about early Earth chemistry. The process requires rapid reactions on the margins of water droplets, where amino acids can transform into life's building blocks.
Researchers developed the first model of Mars' early atmosphere, linking high temperatures to ocean formation and showing water vapor condensed in the lower atmosphere, while molecular hydrogen escaped. This model supports findings from spacecraft data, indicating Mars was wet and had warm-to-hot oceans for millions of years.
A new open-path mid-infrared spectrometer can precisely measure isotopologue ratios in atmospheric water vapor in under 15 minutes, offering improved accuracy for climate change modeling and air quality monitoring. The instrument's dual-comb technique enables spatially resolved studies of water vapor transport over natural ecosystems.
Researchers have discovered that sand dunes in deserts can 'breathe' humid air, allowing microbes to persist deep inside hyper-arid sand dunes. This finding has significant applications in fields such as agriculture, food processing, and pharmaceutical research.
The new database provides access to almost all observational data on water masers since 1989, enabling quick analysis and prediction of maser locations. With its technological solutions, researchers can now study the early stages of star formation more efficiently.
Scientists in Saudi Arabia developed a solar-driven system that uses hydrogel to condense water from air while generating electricity. The system successfully grew spinach in a hot climate, producing over 2 liters of water and 1,519 watt-hours of electricity.
Researchers at the University of New Hampshire have made a groundbreaking discovery about the origin of lightning using radio telescopes. They found that the sources of lightning are indeed the streamers, or tiny spark-like discharges, supporting one of two competing theories on how lightning begins.
Researchers found nanoparticles from human activities rapidly grow in atmosphere and influence cloud formation, affecting raindrop formation and changing rainfall regime. The study provides new insights into the impact of small aerosols on precipitation and improves climate change studies based on mathematical models.
Researchers developed a method to directly bond gold electrodes onto separate ultra-thin polymer films without adhesives or high temperatures. The new technique, called water-vapor plasma-assisted bonding, creates stable bonds between gold electrodes printed into ultra-thin polymer sheets.
In a new study, desert shrubs in the Southwest have increased their water use efficiency at unprecedented rates to survive a decades-long megadrought. The study found that despite this heroic increase, shrubs may not be adapting quickly enough to long-term drying trends in the West.
A new meteorological phenomenon dubbed 'atmospheric lakes' has been identified drifting slowly over the western Indian Ocean. These compact pools of moisture bring water to dry lowlands along East Africa's coastline, with the potential to create significant precipitation for millions of people.
A new study suggests that clay minerals like smectite could store the missing water on Mars. Researchers found that iron-rich smectite can form at depths of up to 30 km, making it a potential reservoir for the planet's lost water.
Physicists developed an electrical technique to study the Leidenfrost effect, revealing the temperature at which vapor layers form and collapse. The results show that stable vapor layers can be sustained at 240 degrees Celsius, with a minimum heat of 140 degrees Celsius required for their existence.
Researchers discover that micron-sized water droplets can spontaneously form hydrogen peroxide, regardless of surface type or temperature conditions. This finding has implications for environment-friendly disinfection technology and atmospheric sciences.
Researchers found that Martian water vapor is transported to high altitudes during warmer seasons, where it's easily destroyed by electrically charged gas particles. The phenomenon contributes to Mars' loss of a global ocean of water over billions of years.
NASA's Aqua satellite gathered water vapor data on Hurricane Delta, revealing highest concentrations of water vapor and coldest cloud top temperatures around the center of circulation. The storm is expected to produce heavy rainfall and flash flooding in the northern Yucatan Peninsula.
A study published in Nature Communications found that climate models differ largely because of varying projections regarding polar ice loss and atmospheric water vapor. Climate scientists are working to improve the accuracy of their models by reconciling these discrepancies.
The team discovered two massive young stars shrouded by gaseous disks containing sodium chloride and heated water vapor. The disks are counter-rotating, indicating the pair may not be twins, but rather strangers formed in separate clouds.
NASA's Aqua satellite found structural changes and the strongest side of Hurricane Paulette as it moved away from Bermuda. The storm is expected to undergo extratropical transition, weakening rapidly on Wednesday.
Hurricane Sally is expected to produce 10-20 inches of rainfall with isolated amounts of 30 inches along the central Gulf Coast. The storm's slow movement increases the risk of historic flooding and extreme life-threatening flash flooding, particularly in Florida and the southeastern United States.
Tropical Storm Karina is being affected by strong northeasterly wind shear, pushing clouds and rain to the southwest. This analysis reveals coldest cloud top temperatures as cold as -70 degrees Fahrenheit, indicating potential for heavy rainfall.
Typhoon Haishen strengthened rapidly after forming as Tropical Depression 11W on August 31. NASA's Terra satellite gathered data on the storm's water vapor content and temperature, revealing high concentrations of water vapor and cold cloud top temperatures.
Researchers at the University of Tsukuba have developed a new crystalline material that reversibly changes color from yellow to red when absorbing water, indicating the presence of water. This work could lead to the creation of highly sensitive vapochromic sensors that can detect gases or water vapor without external power.
NASA's Terra satellite observed the remnants of Tropical Depression 10E, providing water vapor content data that sheds light on the storm's potential to develop. The analysis revealed a small area of coldest cloud top temperature, indicating the storm's strength and temperature.