Articles tagged with Baryons
Comprehensive exploration of living organisms, biological systems, and life processes across all scales from molecules to ecosystems. Encompasses cutting-edge research in biology, genetics, molecular biology, ecology, biochemistry, microbiology, botany, zoology, evolutionary biology, genomics, and biotechnology. Investigates cellular mechanisms, organism development, genetic inheritance, biodiversity conservation, metabolic processes, protein synthesis, DNA sequencing, CRISPR gene editing, stem cell research, and the fundamental principles governing all forms of life on Earth.
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Fundamental study of the non-living natural world, matter, energy, and physical phenomena governing the universe. Encompasses physics, chemistry, earth sciences, atmospheric sciences, oceanography, materials science, and the investigation of physical laws, chemical reactions, geological processes, climate systems, and planetary dynamics. Explores everything from subatomic particles and quantum mechanics to planetary systems and cosmic phenomena, including energy transformations, molecular interactions, elemental properties, weather patterns, tectonic activity, and the fundamental forces and principles underlying the physical nature of reality.
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Comprehensive study of the universe beyond Earth, encompassing celestial objects, cosmic phenomena, and space exploration. Includes astronomy, astrophysics, planetary science, cosmology, space physics, astrobiology, and space technology. Investigates stars, galaxies, planets, moons, asteroids, comets, black holes, nebulae, exoplanets, dark matter, dark energy, cosmic microwave background, stellar evolution, planetary formation, space weather, solar system dynamics, the search for extraterrestrial life, and humanity's efforts to explore, understand, and unlock the mysteries of the cosmos through observation, theory, and space missions.
Comprehensive examination of tools, techniques, methodologies, and approaches used across scientific disciplines to conduct research, collect data, and analyze results. Encompasses experimental procedures, analytical methods, measurement techniques, instrumentation, imaging technologies, spectroscopic methods, laboratory protocols, observational studies, statistical analysis, computational methods, data visualization, quality control, and methodological innovations. Addresses the practical techniques and theoretical frameworks enabling scientists to investigate phenomena, test hypotheses, gather evidence, ensure reproducibility, and generate reliable knowledge through systematic, rigorous investigation across all areas of scientific inquiry.
Study of abstract structures, patterns, quantities, relationships, and logical reasoning through pure and applied mathematical disciplines. Encompasses algebra, calculus, geometry, topology, number theory, analysis, discrete mathematics, mathematical logic, set theory, probability, statistics, and computational mathematics. Investigates mathematical structures, theorems, proofs, algorithms, functions, equations, and the rigorous logical frameworks underlying quantitative reasoning. Provides the foundational language and tools for all scientific fields, enabling precise description of natural phenomena, modeling of complex systems, and the development of technologies across physics, engineering, computer science, economics, and all quantitative sciences.
Japanese physicists have shown that knots can arise in a realistic particle physics framework, potentially explaining the origin of the universe's matter surplus. By combining two long-studied extensions of the Standard Model, the team found a stable knot configuration that could have formed and dominated in the early universe.
Researchers at RHIC's STAR Collaboration searched for evidence of a critical point in the way nuclear matter transforms from one phase to another. The study found fluctuation patterns in triton production that might help locate the critical point, a key to understanding the makeup of our universe.
Physicists from Tata Institute of Fundamental Research and The Institute of Mathematical Science have predicted the existence of a deeply bound dibaryon made of two triply bottom Omega baryons. This finding elucidates strong forces in baryon-baryon interactions, potentially explaining nuclear bindings.
Scientists successfully synthesized the elusive Λ(1405) particle and measured its complex mass, revealing a temporary bound state of a K- meson and proton. The findings may provide insights into the interior of ultra-dense neutron stars and the early formation of the Universe.
Researchers found that dark matter halos in ultra-diffuse galaxies have lower concentrations than expected, raising questions about their formation and evolution. The study's surprising results indicate these galaxies may be younger and contain more gas than normal galaxies.
The BESIII experiment has made significant contributions to understanding the internal structure of baryons. By measuring proton and neutron form factors, the team has clarified long-standing tensions between previous experiments. The study also reveals new insights into the interactions and fundamental structure of baryons.
A team of Canadian researchers has successfully simulated baryons on a quantum computer, marking an important step towards more complex simulations. This breakthrough enables scientists to study neutron stars, the earliest moments of the universe, and the revolutionary potential of quantum computers.
Researchers used cosmic microwave background data to map location and density of missing baryons around galaxy groups. The measurements reveal that these halos extend up to 6 million light-years from their center, challenging previous models.
Researchers have detected hot gas in cosmic web for the first time, revealing 40% of ordinary matter remains undetected. The discovery confirms earlier analyses and paves the way for more detailed studies on galaxy evolution.
A study published in Nature Astronomy found 19 dwarf galaxies dominated by baryons at radii beyond their half-optical radius, challenging standard galaxy formation models. The results encourage a reevaluation of dark matter's nature.
A Yale-led team of astronomers has simulated a large patch of the intergalactic medium (IGM), revealing how cold, dense gas clouds organize themselves within larger sheets or pancakes of matter. The findings suggest that these gas clouds can be pristine and metal-free, challenging previous assumptions about their formation and composit...
The study reveals the emergence of fractional quantum Hall effect in double-layer graphene, with new states exhibiting excellent agreement with composite fermion model. However, some features remain unexplained, suggesting pairing interaction between composite fermions and potentially hosting non-Abelian wave functions.
Tomasz Skwarnicki and his team have analyzed data from the Large Hadron Collider beauty experiment at CERN, discovering three never-before-seen pentaquarks. The findings suggest that pentaquarks are built in a similar way to protons and neutrons, potentially affecting models of matter in other parts of the universe.
Researchers are searching for an explanation for the imbalance between matter and antimatter in the universe. One theory suggests that this imbalance is a fundamental aspect of the cosmos, existing from the beginning of time. Physicists are investigating possibilities to extend the standard model of physics to include this phenomenon.
Researchers from the Institute of Nuclear Physics found no anomalies in a rare decay of charmed baryons, potentially indicating 'new physics' is not present. They improved an upper limit on frequency by up to 100 times, but are still far from detecting any inconsistencies with predictions.
A team of researchers has discovered the last reservoir of ordinary matter hiding in the universe, located in the space between galaxies. The finding is significant as it fills in the gap of about 30% of missing baryons predicted by theorists.
Researchers have predicted a new type of dibaryon, called di-Omega, composed of six quarks, using advanced simulations on the K computer. The prediction could help scientists understand extreme environments and interactions among elementary particles.
Physicists used lattice QCD and computational resources to predict quantum numbers of omega-c-zero baryons, which were later discovered by an experiment at the Large Hadron Collider. This work helps understand the nature of strong interactions, a crucial aspect of the Universe's behavior.
Scientists have observed a tiny difference in the decay patterns of beauty baryons, suggesting that antibaryons may not be identical to their matter counterparts. This finding is significant because it could provide insight into why matter survived the Big Bang while antimatter did not.
Researchers discovered the majority of missing ordinary matter in the universe, found in hot gas associated with intergalactic filaments. The study validates models of galaxy formation and could lead to a better understanding of heavy elements formed by stars since the beginning of the universe.
Researchers have discovered indirect evidence of higher-mass strange baryons in heavy-ion collisions, which lower the temperature at which other particles 'freeze out' from quark-gluon plasma. This finding provides crucial insights into nuclear physics and the formation of matter.
Researchers at Kyoto University found that the universe's radiation S reaches its maximum around the observed Higgs expectation value of 246 GeV. The study suggests that this could be evidence of the Big Fix, where Standard Model parameters are naturally fixed to achieve optimal results.
The BOSS study uses quasars to map density variations in intergalactic gas, tracing the structure of the young universe and illuminating the nature of dark energy. The latest results establish the expansion rate at 68 km/s/Mly at redshift 2.34 with unprecedented accuracy of 2.2 percent.
The Baryon Oscillation Spectroscopic Survey (BOSS) has made the most precise calibration yet of the universe's 'standard ruler', measuring its scale to an accuracy of one percent. This precision is crucial for determining the nature of dark energy and understanding the expansion history of the universe.
The study reveals a massive halo of hot gas extending hundreds of thousands of light-years around the Milky Way, with an estimated mass of over 10 billion suns. The discovery may solve the long-standing 'missing baryon' problem in galaxy research.
Physicists from the University of Zurich detected a baryon with one light and two heavy quarks, Xi_b^*, in proton collisions at CERN's LHC. The discovery confirms the theory of quark binding and helps understand the strong interaction.
The Baryon Oscillation Spectroscopic Survey (BOSS) has made precision measurements of the large-scale structure of the universe five to seven billion years ago. By using a technique called baryon acoustic oscillation, BOSS can determine the distances to faraway galaxies with unprecedented accuracy.
Researchers have used a three-dimensional color map of the universe to create the most accurate calculation yet of how matter clumps together. By analyzing the brightness of 900,000 galaxies, they found that dark energy accounts for 73% of the universe's density, providing new insights into the cosmos.
The CDF collaboration observed a new neutral particle, Xi-sub-b, composed of strange, up and bottom quarks, in high-energy collisions. This discovery strengthens the understanding of how quarks form matter.
The STAR experiment has produced 18 examples of the nucleus of antihelium-4, making it the heaviest antiparticle ever detected. The discovery sheds light on the universe's matter-antimatter imbalance and could lead to breakthroughs in searching for antimatter in space.
The study provides the first direct evidence that million-degree gas clouds are tightly gathered in the cluster's outskirts. The Suzaku images reveal that the outer parts of the Perseus cluster contain too many baryons, contradicting earlier studies and galaxy surveys.
BOSS is the largest survey in SDSS-III, measuring 1.4 million galaxies and 160,000 quasars to trace the details of the Universe's expansion history. The observation program will take five years and provide rich insights into cosmic structure and the contents of the Universe.
The CDF collaboration observes the Omega-sub-b baryon with two strange quarks and a bottom quark, confirming theoretical expectations but conflicting with a previous DZero result. The discovery strengthens physicists' confidence in their understanding of quark matter formation and opens a new window for investigating this rare object.
The survey uses baryon acoustic oscillations to measure the expansion of the universe. It will double the volume of space in which red luminous galaxies are studied, observing 10,000 square degrees of sky out to redshifts of z = 0.7.
University of Michigan physicists played a key role in detecting the Omega b baryon, an exotic relative of the proton. This discovery provides insight into the strong force and matter's formation in the universe.
Physicists at Fermilab have discovered a new particle called the Omega-sub-b baryon, composed of two strange quarks and a bottom quark, with a mass of 6.165 GeV/c2. The discovery brings scientists closer to understanding quark formation and completing the periodic table of baryons.
A new CU-Boulder-led supercomputer simulation models a region of the universe spanning 1.5 billion light-years, aiming to uncover hidden gas clouds containing missing baryons. The study may enable detection of these 'filaments' using future telescopes like the South Pole Telescope and Cornell-Caltech Atacama Telescope.
A Johns Hopkins University-led team has discovered two new subatomic particles, called Sigma-sub-b particles, which are members of the 'baryonic' family. The particles contain the second-heaviest quark and are unstable, decaying within a tiny fraction of a second.
Scientists at Ohio State University and colleagues have discovered a sizeable chunk of the universe's missing baryons, estimated to match the amount that went missing 10 billion years ago. The finding suggests dark matter may be responsible for the gas's presence in super-hot rivers surrounding galaxies.
A team of researchers has discovered a web-like system of gas clouds containing the missing baryons, which are thought to make up half of the universe's mass. The clouds, detected using X-ray telescope data, have temperatures of around 1 million degrees Celsius and are spread over vast distances.
Physicists have calculated a property known as Cooper instability that produces superconductivity in electrons, suggesting composite fermions can achieve quantum superconductivity. The research, published in Nature, provides convincing evidence for the formation of magically mobile Cooper pairs.