Japanese physicists have shown that knots can arise in a realistic particle physics framework, potentially explaining the origin of the universe's matter surplus. By combining two long-studied extensions of the Standard Model, the team found a stable knot configuration that could have formed and dominated in the early universe.
SourceInternational Institute for Sustainability with Knotted Chiral Meta Matter (SKCM2)·JournalPhysical Review Letters·DateOct 22, 2025
Researchers at RHIC's STAR Collaboration searched for evidence of a critical point in the way nuclear matter transforms from one phase to another. The study found fluctuation patterns in triton production that might help locate the critical point, a key to understanding the makeup of our universe.
SourceDOE/Brookhaven National Laboratory·JournalPhysical Review Letters·DateJun 2, 2023
Physicists from Tata Institute of Fundamental Research and The Institute of Mathematical Science have predicted the existence of a deeply bound dibaryon made of two triply bottom Omega baryons. This finding elucidates strong forces in baryon-baryon interactions, potentially explaining nuclear bindings.
SourceTata Institute of Fundamental Research·JournalPhysical Review Letters·DateMar 17, 2023
Scientists successfully synthesized the elusive Λ(1405) particle and measured its complex mass, revealing a temporary bound state of a K- meson and proton. The findings may provide insights into the interior of ultra-dense neutron stars and the early formation of the Universe.
SourceOsaka University·JournalPhysics Letters B·TypeExperimental study·DateJan 26, 2023
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Researchers found that dark matter halos in ultra-diffuse galaxies have lower concentrations than expected, raising questions about their formation and evolution. The study's surprising results indicate these galaxies may be younger and contain more gas than normal galaxies.
SourceUniversity of California - Riverside·JournalThe Astrophysical Journal·TypeObservational study·DateSep 12, 2022
The BESIII experiment has made significant contributions to understanding the internal structure of baryons. By measuring proton and neutron form factors, the team has clarified long-standing tensions between previous experiments. The study also reveals new insights into the interactions and fundamental structure of baryons.
SourceScience China Press·JournalNational Science Review·DateDec 2, 2021
A team of Canadian researchers has successfully simulated baryons on a quantum computer, marking an important step towards more complex simulations. This breakthrough enables scientists to study neutron stars, the earliest moments of the universe, and the revolutionary potential of quantum computers.
SourceUniversity of Waterloo·JournalNature Communications·DateNov 11, 2021
Researchers used cosmic microwave background data to map location and density of missing baryons around galaxy groups. The measurements reveal that these halos extend up to 6 million light-years from their center, challenging previous models.
SourceDOE/Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory·JournalPhysical Review D·DateMar 17, 2021
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Researchers have detected hot gas in cosmic web for the first time, revealing 40% of ordinary matter remains undetected. The discovery confirms earlier analyses and paves the way for more detailed studies on galaxy evolution.
A study published in Nature Astronomy found 19 dwarf galaxies dominated by baryons at radii beyond their half-optical radius, challenging standard galaxy formation models. The results encourage a reevaluation of dark matter's nature.
SourceChinese Academy of Sciences Headquarters·JournalNature Astronomy·DateDec 9, 2019
A Yale-led team of astronomers has simulated a large patch of the intergalactic medium (IGM), revealing how cold, dense gas clouds organize themselves within larger sheets or pancakes of matter. The findings suggest that these gas clouds can be pristine and metal-free, challenging previous assumptions about their formation and composit...
SourceYale University·JournalThe Astrophysical Journal Letters·DateAug 13, 2019
The study reveals the emergence of fractional quantum Hall effect in double-layer graphene, with new states exhibiting excellent agreement with composite fermion model. However, some features remain unexplained, suggesting pairing interaction between composite fermions and potentially hosting non-Abelian wave functions.
SourceColumbia University School of Engineering and Applied Science·JournalNature Physics·DateJun 25, 2019
Tomasz Skwarnicki and his team have analyzed data from the Large Hadron Collider beauty experiment at CERN, discovering three never-before-seen pentaquarks. The findings suggest that pentaquarks are built in a similar way to protons and neutrons, potentially affecting models of matter in other parts of the universe.
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Researchers are searching for an explanation for the imbalance between matter and antimatter in the universe. One theory suggests that this imbalance is a fundamental aspect of the cosmos, existing from the beginning of time. Physicists are investigating possibilities to extend the standard model of physics to include this phenomenon.
SourceNorwegian University of Science and Technology·JournalPhysical Review Letters·DateFeb 1, 2019
Researchers from the Institute of Nuclear Physics found no anomalies in a rare decay of charmed baryons, potentially indicating 'new physics' is not present. They improved an upper limit on frequency by up to 100 times, but are still far from detecting any inconsistencies with predictions.
SourceThe Henryk Niewodniczanski Institute of Nuclear Physics Polish Academy of Sciences·JournalPhysical Review D·DateAug 2, 2018
A team of researchers has discovered the last reservoir of ordinary matter hiding in the universe, located in the space between galaxies. The finding is significant as it fills in the gap of about 30% of missing baryons predicted by theorists.
SourceUniversity of Colorado at Boulder·JournalNature·DateJun 20, 2018
Researchers have predicted a new type of dibaryon, called di-Omega, composed of six quarks, using advanced simulations on the K computer. The prediction could help scientists understand extreme environments and interactions among elementary particles.
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Meta Quest 3 512GB enables immersive mission planning, terrain rehearsal, and interactive STEM demos with high-resolution mixed-reality experiences.
Physicists used lattice QCD and computational resources to predict quantum numbers of omega-c-zero baryons, which were later discovered by an experiment at the Large Hadron Collider. This work helps understand the nature of strong interactions, a crucial aspect of the Universe's behavior.
SourceTata Institute of Fundamental Research·JournalPhysical Review Letters·DateJul 29, 2017
Scientists have observed a tiny difference in the decay patterns of beauty baryons, suggesting that antibaryons may not be identical to their matter counterparts. This finding is significant because it could provide insight into why matter survived the Big Bang while antimatter did not.
SourceThe Henryk Niewodniczanski Institute of Nuclear Physics Polish Academy of Sciences·JournalNature Physics·DateFeb 22, 2017
Researchers discovered the majority of missing ordinary matter in the universe, found in hot gas associated with intergalactic filaments. The study validates models of galaxy formation and could lead to a better understanding of heavy elements formed by stars since the beginning of the universe.
SourceUniversité de Genève·JournalNature·DateDec 2, 2015
Researchers have discovered indirect evidence of higher-mass strange baryons in heavy-ion collisions, which lower the temperature at which other particles 'freeze out' from quark-gluon plasma. This finding provides crucial insights into nuclear physics and the formation of matter.
SourceDOE/Brookhaven National Laboratory·JournalPhysical Review Letters·DateAug 19, 2014
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Researchers at Kyoto University found that the universe's radiation S reaches its maximum around the observed Higgs expectation value of 246 GeV. The study suggests that this could be evidence of the Big Fix, where Standard Model parameters are naturally fixed to achieve optimal results.
SourceWorld Scientific·JournalInternational Journal of Modern Physics A·DateJun 25, 2014
The BOSS study uses quasars to map density variations in intergalactic gas, tracing the structure of the young universe and illuminating the nature of dark energy. The latest results establish the expansion rate at 68 km/s/Mly at redshift 2.34 with unprecedented accuracy of 2.2 percent.
SourceDOE/Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory·DateApr 7, 2014
The Baryon Oscillation Spectroscopic Survey (BOSS) has made the most precise calibration yet of the universe's 'standard ruler', measuring its scale to an accuracy of one percent. This precision is crucial for determining the nature of dark energy and understanding the expansion history of the universe.
SourceDOE/Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory·JournalMonthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society·DateJan 8, 2014
The study reveals a massive halo of hot gas extending hundreds of thousands of light-years around the Milky Way, with an estimated mass of over 10 billion suns. The discovery may solve the long-standing 'missing baryon' problem in galaxy research.
SourceChandra X-ray Center·JournalThe Astrophysical Journal Letters·DateSep 24, 2012
Physicists from the University of Zurich detected a baryon with one light and two heavy quarks, Xi_b^*, in proton collisions at CERN's LHC. The discovery confirms the theory of quark binding and helps understand the strong interaction.
SourceUniversity of Zurich·JournalPhysical Review Letters·DateApr 27, 2012
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Anker Laptop Power Bank 25,000mAh (Triple 100W USB-C) keeps Macs, tablets, and meters powered during extended observing runs and remote surveys.
The Baryon Oscillation Spectroscopic Survey (BOSS) has made precision measurements of the large-scale structure of the universe five to seven billion years ago. By using a technique called baryon acoustic oscillation, BOSS can determine the distances to faraway galaxies with unprecedented accuracy.
SourceDOE/Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory·JournalMonthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society·DateMar 30, 2012
Researchers have used a three-dimensional color map of the universe to create the most accurate calculation yet of how matter clumps together. By analyzing the brightness of 900,000 galaxies, they found that dark energy accounts for 73% of the universe's density, providing new insights into the cosmos.
SourceDOE/Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory·DateJan 11, 2012
The CDF collaboration observed a new neutral particle, Xi-sub-b, composed of strange, up and bottom quarks, in high-energy collisions. This discovery strengthens the understanding of how quarks form matter.
SourceDOE/Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory·JournalPhysical Review Letters·DateJul 20, 2011
The STAR experiment has produced 18 examples of the nucleus of antihelium-4, making it the heaviest antiparticle ever detected. The discovery sheds light on the universe's matter-antimatter imbalance and could lead to breakthroughs in searching for antimatter in space.
SourceDOE/Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory·JournalNature·DateApr 24, 2011
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The study provides the first direct evidence that million-degree gas clouds are tightly gathered in the cluster's outskirts. The Suzaku images reveal that the outer parts of the Perseus cluster contain too many baryons, contradicting earlier studies and galaxy surveys.
SourceNASA/Goddard Space Flight Center·JournalScience·DateMar 24, 2011
BOSS is the largest survey in SDSS-III, measuring 1.4 million galaxies and 160,000 quasars to trace the details of the Universe's expansion history. The observation program will take five years and provide rich insights into cosmic structure and the contents of the Universe.
SourceDOE/Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory·DateOct 1, 2009
The CDF collaboration observes the Omega-sub-b baryon with two strange quarks and a bottom quark, confirming theoretical expectations but conflicting with a previous DZero result. The discovery strengthens physicists' confidence in their understanding of quark matter formation and opens a new window for investigating this rare object.
SourceDOE/Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory·JournalPhysical Review D·DateJun 29, 2009
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The survey uses baryon acoustic oscillations to measure the expansion of the universe. It will double the volume of space in which red luminous galaxies are studied, observing 10,000 square degrees of sky out to redshifts of z = 0.7.
SourceDOE/Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory·DateSep 18, 2008
University of Michigan physicists played a key role in detecting the Omega b baryon, an exotic relative of the proton. This discovery provides insight into the strong force and matter's formation in the universe.
SourceUniversity of Michigan·JournalPhysical Review Letters·DateSep 10, 2008
Physicists at Fermilab have discovered a new particle called the Omega-sub-b baryon, composed of two strange quarks and a bottom quark, with a mass of 6.165 GeV/c2. The discovery brings scientists closer to understanding quark formation and completing the periodic table of baryons.
SourceDOE/Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory·DateSep 3, 2008
A new CU-Boulder-led supercomputer simulation models a region of the universe spanning 1.5 billion light-years, aiming to uncover hidden gas clouds containing missing baryons. The study may enable detection of these 'filaments' using future telescopes like the South Pole Telescope and Cornell-Caltech Atacama Telescope.
SourceUniversity of Colorado at Boulder·DateDec 6, 2007
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A Johns Hopkins University-led team has discovered two new subatomic particles, called Sigma-sub-b particles, which are members of the 'baryonic' family. The particles contain the second-heaviest quark and are unstable, decaying within a tiny fraction of a second.
A team of researchers has discovered a web-like system of gas clouds containing the missing baryons, which are thought to make up half of the universe's mass. The clouds, detected using X-ray telescope data, have temperatures of around 1 million degrees Celsius and are spread over vast distances.
SourceChandra X-ray Center·JournalNature·DateFeb 2, 2005
Scientists at Ohio State University and colleagues have discovered a sizeable chunk of the universe's missing baryons, estimated to match the amount that went missing 10 billion years ago. The finding suggests dark matter may be responsible for the gas's presence in super-hot rivers surrounding galaxies.
SourceOhio State University·JournalNature·DateFeb 2, 2005
Physicists have calculated a property known as Cooper instability that produces superconductivity in electrons, suggesting composite fermions can achieve quantum superconductivity. The research, published in Nature, provides convincing evidence for the formation of magically mobile Cooper pairs.
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