Sunlight
Articles tagged with Sunlight
Satellite launch pollution rapidly accumulating in the upper atmosphere
Beyond 1000 nm low-energy sunlight-driven photocatalysis
Scientists have developed a new system enabling unprecedented large-volume photocatalysis driven by low-energy sunlight with wavelengths beyond 1000 nm. The hybrid QDs/Th-DPP NIR-II photosensitizers achieved a record upconversion efficiency of 3.9%, overcoming spectral limitations of visible-light technologies.
Second primary invasive melanoma rate in Queensland reaches plateau after decades-long rise
A landmark study of 100,000 Queensland residents found that the incidence of second primary invasive cutaneous melanomas has plateaued after a decades-long rise. The stabilization is attributed to the cumulative impact of long-running sun safety campaigns and increased skin cancer surveillance.
Shrinking the carbon footprint of chemical manufacturing with lasers, solar radiation
Researchers at University of Illinois have developed a new method using solar energy to power a key chemical reaction in the textile, plastic, chemical, and pharmaceutical industries. This method can significantly reduce the industry's carbon footprint by eliminating harsh oxidizing byproducts and minimizing carbon emissions.
Explaining next-generation solar cells
Researchers at ISTA discover perovskites' unique photovoltaic properties rely on structural defects, enabling long-range charge transport. This finding accelerates the transition of next-gen perovskite solar cells to real-world applications.
Kissing the sun: Unraveling mysteries of the solar wind
A University of Arizona-led research team has measured the dynamics and ever-changing hot gas shell from where the solar wind originates. The study helps scientists answer fundamental questions about energy and matter moving through the heliosphere, affecting space weather events and planetary orbits.
Sunlight-activated nanospray enables painless, antibiotic-free therapy for infected diabetic wounds
A novel photodynamic platform combines antibacterial action, hemostasis and pain relief under natural sunlight, enabling painless, antibiotic-free therapy for infected diabetic wounds. The treatment demonstrates rapid hemostatic capability and a pronounced analgesic effect.
Autumn clock change linked to reduction in certain health conditions
A study found that the week after the autumn clock change is associated with a reduction in demand for NHS services for anxiety, cardiovascular disease, depression, and psychiatric conditions. However, there is little evidence to suggest that the spring clock change has any short-term effect on health conditions.
Indoor tanning makes youthful skin much older on a genetic level
Researchers found that indoor tanning users in their 30s and 40s have more skin mutations than people twice their age, particularly in areas exposed to tanning beds. This can lead to an increased risk of skin cancer, including melanoma.
Intense light therapy may lower risk of myocardial injuries after non-cardiac surgery
A study published in Annals of Translational Medicine found that intense light therapy can lower troponin levels and increase ANGPTL4 protein, protecting heart tissue. The treatment may reduce the risk of myocardial injuries after non-cardiac surgery, which affects 20% of patients and increases one-year mortality rates.
The NSF Inouye Solar Telescope delivers record-breaking images of solar flare, coronal loops
Astronomers captured dark coronal loop strands with unprecedented clarity during an X1.3-class flare, measuring 48.2 km in width, the smallest ever imaged. The team's high-resolution images offer a potential breakthrough in resolving the fundamental scale of solar coronal loops and improving space weather forecasting.
Cicadas sing in perfect sync with pre-dawn light
Researchers have found that cicadas begin their loud choruses when the sun is precisely 3.8 degrees below the horizon, corresponding to civil twilight. The team analyzed field recordings and developed a mathematical model inspired by magnetic materials to explain this precision.
Why the sun is so good at evaporating water
Researchers discovered that sunlight's oscillating electric field plays a crucial role in enhancing interfacial water evaporation. The stronger the electric field, the faster water evaporates. This finding has implications for engineering more efficient water-evaporation technologies.
Is the ocean getting darker?
The global ocean has experienced a significant reduction in the depth of its photic zones, home to 90% of all marine life, leading to widespread ocean darkening. This change could have profound implications for the planet's marine species and ecosystem services.
NRL’s Narrow Field Imager captures first light
The NRL's Narrow Field Imager (NFI) has captured its first light images, primarily focused on calibrating the instrument and confirming pointing accuracy. The NFI will enable scientists to study the Sun's corona in unprecedented detail, helping to understand and predict coronal mass ejections.
Amount of sunlight reaching Earth’s surface varies over decades, researchers report
A research team found that stages of 'dimming' and 'brightening' correspond with increased air pollution and implementation of clean energy solutions. The study suggests that reducing air pollution can lead to more sunlight reaching the Earth's surface, which could have compounding benefits for solar power production.
Potable water happy byproduct of low-cost green hydrogen technology
A Cornell University-led collaboration has developed a low-cost method to produce carbon-free 'green' hydrogen via solar-powered electrolysis of seawater. The process produces 200 milliliters of hydrogen per hour with 12.6% energy efficiency directly from seawater under natural sunlight.
Traditional breeding falls short in boosting soybean photosynthesis
A team from the University of Illinois found that traditional breeding methods are unlikely to improve soybean light-harvesting efficiency. Gene editing is likely needed to unlock soybean potential. The researchers gathered detailed measurements throughout an entire growing season to understand photoprotection relaxation in soybeans.
NRL's narrow field imager launches on NASA's PUNCH mission
The NRL-developed Narrow Field Imager is a compact coronagraph that will image the transition of the Sun's atmosphere to the solar wind, gaining insights into space plasma environments. The PUNCH mission aims to improve prediction and mitigation of space weather events like coronal mass ejections.
The changing sky that plants see
Researchers developed a numerical tool to quantify sunlight intensity and its influence on plant growth, enabling accurate predictions of sunlight patterns. The model can help farmers optimize greenhouse conditions and planting schedules, leading to improved crop yields.
Artificial photosynthesis: Researchers mimic plants
Researchers have successfully imitated one of the first steps of natural photosynthesis by creating a stack of dyes that absorbs light energy and transfers charge carriers. This breakthrough has significant implications for artificial photosynthesis, which could potentially produce hydrogen and remove carbon dioxide from the atmosphere.
Turning waste organic compound into useful pharmaceuticals and energy using a technique inspired by photosynthesis
Researchers at Nagoya University have developed a method of artificial photosynthesis that uses sunlight and water to produce energy and valuable organic compounds from waste organic compounds. The technique, called APOS, represents a significant step toward sustainable energy and chemical production.
Politecnico di Milano and Georgia Tech unveil new scenarios for asteroid deflection
Researchers from Politecnico di Milano and Georgia Tech analyzed NASA's DART mission to asteroid Dimorphos, revealing a viable mechanism for ejecta evolution and understanding the impact of an asteroid's shape on deflection. The studies suggest that sending multiple smaller impactors can increase the asteroid push while reducing costs.
Hybrid transparent electrodes enhance efficiency and longevity of perovskite solar cells
Researchers from Indian Institute of Technology developed bifacial perovskite solar cells with a novel NiO/Ag/NiO transparent electrode, achieving high efficiency, durability, and infrared transparency. The cells demonstrated impressive power conversion efficiencies and high bifaciality factors.
SwRI-led PUNCH spacecraft make final pit stop before launch
The PUNCH mission will integrate understanding of the Sun's corona and solar wind. The constellation will deploy in polar orbit, enabling scientists to routinely see and understand the solar wind.
Mizzou scientists harness the power of ‘layered’ crystals for energy innovation
Researchers are exploring halide perovskites, a material that converts sunlight into energy efficiently. The team created distinct properties using ultra-cool methods, enabling mass production of solar cells.
Biophotovoltaics: A step forward in sustainable energy technology
Researchers have developed biophotovoltaic systems that convert sunlight into electricity, providing a clean and efficient source of energy. The study reveals the molecular mechanisms driving this technology, including extracellular electron transfer and electron transport chain optimization.
Shade plants in the spotlight
Researchers discovered that plants in shaded conditions receive a larger proportion of green and far-red light, which contributes to photosynthesis. This finding may help growers develop new methods for supplementing natural sunlight with colored light.
Research explores wildfire smoke’s effect on solar power generation across US
New research from Colorado State University finds that wildfire smoke has a modest impact on long-term solar power generation activity in the US. The study, published in Nature Communications, shows that power generated from photovoltaics remained relatively stable even in extreme fire seasons, with losses averaging around 5%.
Research Spotlight: Study shows males spend approximately 52 percent more time in bright light than females
A study found that males spend approximately 52% more time in bright light than females, with this difference beginning in childhood and widening during adulthood. The average first daily timing for bright light exposure was also later for females.
Same plant, different tactic: Habitat determines response to climate
Research found that plants adapted to colder temperatures have a higher rate of photoinhibition repair when exposed to cold conditions. This adaptation allows them to survive in colder regions. The study used Arabidopsis thaliana ecotypes from around the world to demonstrate this phenomenon.
Using sunlight to recycle black plastics
Researchers have developed a method to convert black polystyrene waste into reusable starting materials using sunlight or white LEDs. The technique involves adding carbon black and exposing the mixture to high-intensity light, resulting in efficient breakdown of polymer bonds.
Down to seven: collaborative team reports breakthrough research toward global food challenge
Researchers at Utah State University and Polytechnic University of Madrid report a simpler pathway for nitrogen fixation in plants, involving just seven genes. This discovery could alleviate hunger in less-developed areas and reduce the carbon footprint of fertilizer production.
A smart insect screen for sun protection and cool comfort
Researchers at Pohang University of Science & Technology (POSTECH) developed a smart insect screen-inspired film that regulates solar heat and lowers interior temperatures. The breakthrough, published in Advanced Functional Materials, achieves both transparency and radiative cooling performance.
Quality control in artificial photosynthesis: validating natural antenna mimicry
Osaka Metropolitan University researchers developed a new approach to analyze the 3D structure of lab-made photosynthetic antenna protein complex LHCII. Their findings validated natural antenna mimicry in artificial photosynthesis, showing only minor differences between lab-created and natural LHCII.
How vitamin D deficiency can lead to autoimmune diseases
A McGill University study reveals that vitamin D deficiency early in life can lead to a higher risk of autoimmune diseases like Type 1 diabetes. The research found that an aging thymus causes the immune system to become less effective, increasing the risk of misdirected immune cells attacking healthy tissues.
The new fashion: clothes that help combat rising temperatures
Researchers have developed a natural fabric that reflects sunlight and allows heat to escape, while blocking the sun's rays and lowering temperature. The fabric leverages radiative cooling, with three layers designed to optimize cooling, promising relief to city dwellers experiencing warmer temperatures.
Mexican jumping beans jump to safety in a dynamic world, new research reveals
New research from Binghamton University reveals that Mexican jumping bean larvae respond differently to various lighting conditions, with red light stimulating the most vigorous jumps. However, damage to their 'bean' hosts hinders their ability to jump away from stressors.
Solar-powered desalination system requires no extra batteries
The system removes salt from water at a pace that closely follows changes in solar energy, maximizing the utility of solar power. It produces large quantities of clean water despite variations in sunlight throughout the day, making it an attractive solution for communities with limited access to seawater and grid power.
New cooling system works on gravity instead of electricity
Researchers at KAUST have developed a new cooling system that extracts water from the air using gravity, eliminating the need for electricity. The system can double the rate of water collection compared to alternative technologies and offers significant energy savings.
Digital biomarkers shedding light on seasonality in mood disorders
A new study published in PLOS Mental Health found a relationship between daily sunlight exposure, physical activity, and depressed state. The research used wrist-based activity sensors to collect data from individuals with depression and those without, revealing that more depressed states were associated with lower daytime activity.
Under-plant mirrors improve endangered plant survival and growth
The University of Guam study found that under-plant mirrors can increase available ambient light in shaded areas, leading to improved seedling survival and growth. The innovative protocol uses mirrors instead of colored plastic mulch, resulting in a significant boost in plant performance with minimal costs.
Using sunlight to turn two greenhouse gases into valuable chemicals
The McGill team's light-driven chemical process transforms methane and carbon dioxide into green methanol and carbon monoxide, producing highly valued products. The discovery offers a promising path towards Canada's net-zero emissions target by 2050 and provides a sustainable way to produce industrial products.
GIST researchers develop new defect passivation strategy for perovskite solar cells
A team of GIST researchers developed a new defect passivation strategy for polycrystalline perovskites, leading to improved power conversion efficiency and long-term operational stability. The strategy uses a chemically identical polytype of perovskite to suppress defects in the crystal structure.
Breaking the trend: Skin cancer incidence in young adults declines
A new study found that skin cancer incidence in young adults declined in Sweden around 2015. The decrease in incidence and mortality is attributed to increased awareness of sun protection, reduced access to sunbeds, and changes in lifestyle habits such as spending more time indoors. The study suggests that continued emphasis on sun pro...
How bright is the universe’s glow? Study offers best measurement yet
A new study uses observations from NASA's New Horizons spacecraft to measure the cosmic optical background, a phenomenon known as the universe's glow. The results suggest that the glow is roughly 100 billion times fainter than sunlight and provides valuable insights into the history of the universe since the Big Bang.
Leaf-like solar concentrators promise major boost in solar efficiency
Researchers propose a leaf-inspired luminescent solar concentrator (LSC) design to overcome scalability limitations. The innovative setup enhances photon collection and transfer, improving efficiency and reducing self-absorption issues.
UV rays may boost health in low-sunlight countries, study finds
A study suggests that higher levels of UV radiation in areas with limited sunshine are associated with a drop in deaths due to cardiovascular disease and cancer. Sunbed use was also found to be linked to a reduced risk of these deaths, but further research is needed to confirm the findings.
Smartwatch measures of outdoor exposure and nearsightedness in children
A 1-year study found that continuous outdoor exposure with high sunlight intensity was associated with less myopic shift in children. Effective outdoor exposure patterns should be prioritized to prevent myopia in children.
Stacking molecules like plates improves organic solar device performance
The team discovered that the exciton-binding energy of solid materials is affected by how their molecules stack together, known as aggregation. By manipulating molecular aggregation, they found a way to decrease the exciton-binding energy and improve device performance.
Plucking water from the air
Researchers developed a system that passively alternates between capturing and generating water, eliminating manual labor requirements. The system uses mass transport bridges to optimize efficiency and effectiveness, producing 2-3 liters of water per square meter daily.
YALE video and news release: Giant clams may hold the answers to making solar energy more efficient
Researchers at Yale University have discovered a simple mechanism for optimal light-use efficiency of photosynthesis inspired by giant clams. This discovery could lead to the development of more efficient solar cells and renewable energy systems.
Large wildfires create weather that favors more fire
A UC Riverside study found that large fires in California create a self-sustaining cycle of heat and dryness, making it easier for new fires to start. The extra heat reduces humidity, allowing conditions to become favorable for more fire.
Giant deep-sea vent tubeworm symbionts use two carbon fixation pathways to grow at record speeds
Researchers at Harvard University discovered that giant deep-sea vent tubeworms possess two functional carbon fixation pathways, the Calvin-Benson–Bassham (CBB) and reductive tricarboxylic acid (rTCA) cycles. These pathways are coordinated to enable symbionts to thrive in dynamic and harsh environments.
Turning carbon dioxide into useful chemicals
A German junior research group at the University of Oldenburg is developing precious-metal-free catalysts to convert carbon dioxide into methanol, formaldehyde, and ethylene. The team aims to create inexpensive and durable materials for large-scale industrial applications.
How light can vaporize water without the need for heat
MIT researchers demonstrate that light can break water molecules away from the surface and float them into the air, causing evaporation in the absence of heat. This phenomenon has significant implications for understanding cloud formation and precipitation, as well as designing new industrial processes such as solar-powered desalination.
Cloud engineering could be more effective ‘painkiller’ for global warming than previously thought - study
Researchers at the University of Birmingham found that marine cloud brightening can account for 60-90% of the cooling effect, increasing cloud cover by up to 50%. The study suggests MCB could be a more effective 'painkiller' than previously thought.
New four-terminal tandem organic solar cell achieves 16,94% power conversion efficiency
Researchers at ICFO have fabricated a new four-terminal tandem organic solar cell with a high power conversion efficiency of 16.94%, achieving a significant improvement over previous records for four-terminal tandem devices. The device features an ultrathin transparent silver electrode, enabling efficient light transmission and operation.
Uppsala University sets new world record for CIGS solar cells
Researchers at Uppsala University and First Solar European Technology Center have achieved a world record of 23.64 per cent efficiency in CIGS solar cells, surpassing the previous record of 23.35 per cent. The study demonstrates that CIGS thin-film technology is a competitive alternative as a stand-alone solar cell.