Articles tagged with Synchrotron Radiation
Comprehensive exploration of living organisms, biological systems, and life processes across all scales from molecules to ecosystems. Encompasses cutting-edge research in biology, genetics, molecular biology, ecology, biochemistry, microbiology, botany, zoology, evolutionary biology, genomics, and biotechnology. Investigates cellular mechanisms, organism development, genetic inheritance, biodiversity conservation, metabolic processes, protein synthesis, DNA sequencing, CRISPR gene editing, stem cell research, and the fundamental principles governing all forms of life on Earth.
Comprehensive medical research, clinical studies, and healthcare sciences focused on disease prevention, diagnosis, and treatment. Encompasses clinical medicine, public health, pharmacology, epidemiology, medical specialties, disease mechanisms, therapeutic interventions, healthcare innovation, precision medicine, telemedicine, medical devices, drug development, clinical trials, patient care, mental health, nutrition science, health policy, and the application of medical science to improve human health, wellbeing, and quality of life across diverse populations.
Comprehensive investigation of human society, behavior, relationships, and social structures through systematic research and analysis. Encompasses psychology, sociology, anthropology, economics, political science, linguistics, education, demography, communications, and social research methodologies. Examines human cognition, social interactions, cultural phenomena, economic systems, political institutions, language and communication, educational processes, population dynamics, and the complex social, cultural, economic, and political forces shaping human societies, communities, and civilizations throughout history and across the contemporary world.
Fundamental study of the non-living natural world, matter, energy, and physical phenomena governing the universe. Encompasses physics, chemistry, earth sciences, atmospheric sciences, oceanography, materials science, and the investigation of physical laws, chemical reactions, geological processes, climate systems, and planetary dynamics. Explores everything from subatomic particles and quantum mechanics to planetary systems and cosmic phenomena, including energy transformations, molecular interactions, elemental properties, weather patterns, tectonic activity, and the fundamental forces and principles underlying the physical nature of reality.
Practical application of scientific knowledge and engineering principles to solve real-world problems and develop innovative technologies. Encompasses all engineering disciplines, technology development, computer science, artificial intelligence, environmental sciences, agriculture, materials applications, energy systems, and industrial innovation. Bridges theoretical research with tangible solutions for infrastructure, manufacturing, computing, communications, transportation, construction, sustainable development, and emerging technologies that advance human capabilities, improve quality of life, and address societal challenges through scientific innovation and technological progress.
Study of the practice, culture, infrastructure, and social dimensions of science itself. Addresses how science is conducted, organized, communicated, and integrated into society. Encompasses research funding mechanisms, scientific publishing systems, peer review processes, academic ethics, science policy, research institutions, scientific collaboration networks, science education, career development, research programs, scientific methods, science communication, and the sociology of scientific discovery. Examines the human, institutional, and cultural aspects of scientific enterprise, knowledge production, and the translation of research into societal benefit.
Comprehensive study of the universe beyond Earth, encompassing celestial objects, cosmic phenomena, and space exploration. Includes astronomy, astrophysics, planetary science, cosmology, space physics, astrobiology, and space technology. Investigates stars, galaxies, planets, moons, asteroids, comets, black holes, nebulae, exoplanets, dark matter, dark energy, cosmic microwave background, stellar evolution, planetary formation, space weather, solar system dynamics, the search for extraterrestrial life, and humanity's efforts to explore, understand, and unlock the mysteries of the cosmos through observation, theory, and space missions.
Comprehensive examination of tools, techniques, methodologies, and approaches used across scientific disciplines to conduct research, collect data, and analyze results. Encompasses experimental procedures, analytical methods, measurement techniques, instrumentation, imaging technologies, spectroscopic methods, laboratory protocols, observational studies, statistical analysis, computational methods, data visualization, quality control, and methodological innovations. Addresses the practical techniques and theoretical frameworks enabling scientists to investigate phenomena, test hypotheses, gather evidence, ensure reproducibility, and generate reliable knowledge through systematic, rigorous investigation across all areas of scientific inquiry.
Study of abstract structures, patterns, quantities, relationships, and logical reasoning through pure and applied mathematical disciplines. Encompasses algebra, calculus, geometry, topology, number theory, analysis, discrete mathematics, mathematical logic, set theory, probability, statistics, and computational mathematics. Investigates mathematical structures, theorems, proofs, algorithms, functions, equations, and the rigorous logical frameworks underlying quantitative reasoning. Provides the foundational language and tools for all scientific fields, enabling precise description of natural phenomena, modeling of complex systems, and the development of technologies across physics, engineering, computer science, economics, and all quantitative sciences.
Synchrotron radiation sources provide a toolkit for characterizing quantum materials and devices, enabling precise control over quantum systems. Key methods include non-destructive imaging and X-ray diffraction.
Scientists discovered a new electronic state, the 'nodal metal,' which enables room-temperature superconductivity. This breakthrough reveals how electrons behave at high temperatures and provides insights into high-temperature cuprate superconductivity.
Scientists have characterized lipid nanoparticles' internal shape and structure, which correlates with how well they deliver therapeutic cargo. The research provides a blueprint for engineering more effective RNA therapies by matching LNP designs to specific therapies and tissues.
Researchers at Yonsei University have successfully measured the full quantum metric tensors of Bloch electrons in solids, a breakthrough that could lead to advanced semiconductor technologies and higher transition-temperature superconductors. The study used black phosphorus as a representative material for photoemission measurements.
A team of researchers has successfully observed the distribution of elements in a lithium button cell during 10,000 charge cycles using non-destructive X-ray methods. The study reveals that manganese dissolves from the NMC cathode and migrates to the carbon anode, leading to further reactions and processes.
The University of Malaga will coordinate an international consortium, 'X-SeeO2', aiming to hasten the use of cements as carbon dioxide sinks. The €4 million project aims to reduce CO2 emissions and promote the circular economy by upcycling waste.
HEPS achieved a world-class electron beam emittance of 93 pm·rad in its storage ring, producing brighter synchrotron radiation. The facility successfully demonstrated a swap-out injection scheme, reducing infrastructure costs and enhancing environmental sustainability.
Scientists at the Max Planck Institute and Helmholtz-Zentrum Berlin successfully measure the largest magnetic anisotropy of a single molecule using THz electron paramagnetic resonance spectroscopy. This breakthrough has significant implications for energy-efficient data storage, with potential applications in various fields.
Shiva Shirani, a postdoctoral researcher at the University of Malaga, has won the Innovandi NanoCem PhD Prize 2024 for her research on low-carbon cement alternatives. Her work uses advanced synchrotron imaging techniques to optimize cement micro- and meso-structures.
A team of scientists used synchrotron light to explore low-valent uranium compounds, accurately identifying the three-valent oxidation state in uranium. The findings shed new light on actinide bonding and demonstrate how uranium's 5f electrons respond to changes in their environment.
Researchers use high-energy synchrotron X-ray to study spatter dynamics during LPBF, revealing links between vapour depression shape and spatter interactions. The study proposes strategies to minimize defects, improving the surface quality of LPBF-manufactured parts.
Researchers used synchrotron X-ray tomography to image growth rings in fossilized tooth roots, estimating lifespans and growth rates of early mammals. The study found that the modern mammal growth pattern emerged around 130 million years ago, with earlier animals growing more slowly and living longer.
Researchers at Helmholtz-Zentrum Berlin have successfully generated coherent, high-power light using ultrafast electrons in storage rings. By reducing the electron bunch length below the wavelength, they created a source with outputs of several kilowatts.
A new study at BESSY II has provided deeper insights into the ordering processes and diffusion phenomena in High-Entropy Alloys. The team analysed samples of a Cantor alloy, revealing local atomic structures using element-specific EXAFS and Reverse Monte Carlo analysis.
Researchers developed a new surface coating technology that significantly increases electron emission in materials, improving production of high-efficiency electron sources. This breakthrough is expected to enhance performances in electron microscopes and synchrotron radiation facilities.
A team led by Professor Yoshihiro Yamazaki from Kyushu University discovered the chemical innerworkings of a perovskite-based electrolyte developed for solid oxide fuel cells. By combining synchrotron radiation analysis, large-scale simulations, machine learning, and thermogravimetric analysis, they found that protons are introduced at...
A team of researchers identified a rare lead compound, lead(II) formate, in various areas of Rembrandt's The Night Watch using micro and macro X-ray analysis. This discovery provides clues about the artist's pictorial practices and the reactivity of lead driers in historical paintings.
Researchers at Helmholtz-Zentrum Berlin used Auger photo-electron coincidence spectroscopy to study the occupation of outer d-orbital shells in copper, nickel, and cobalt. The results confirm known findings for copper and nickel, but reveal highly delocalized d electrons in cobalt.
Scientists at SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory have seen the critical interaction between SARS-CoV-2 protein Mpro and human immune system protein NEMO. The study reveals that Mpro can cut NEMO, slowing down the immune response and allowing the virus to evade the body.
Researchers discovered that irregularities between grains in the battery's electrolyte can accelerate failure by moving ions at varying speeds. Adjusting material processing techniques may help solve reliability problems with solid-state batteries.
Researchers have made significant advancements in understanding the electronic structure of graphite, a crucial component in battery production. The study's findings highlight the importance of surface effects in bulk intrinsic electronic state measurements, revealing new insights into the material's electrical properties.
Scientists successfully controlled and manipulated ultrafast electronic motion using a tandem undulator in a synchrotron light source. The technique enables researchers to study ultrafast phenomena in atomic and molecular processes on natural time scales.
Researchers use machine learning to automatically analyze Reflection High-Energy Electron Diffraction (RHEED) data, enabling faster and more efficient discovery of new materials. The study focused on surface superstructures in thin-film silicon surfaces and identified optimal synthesis conditions using non-negative matrix factorization.
Researchers at Princeton University have discovered that electrons in a crystal exhibit linked and knotted quantum twists, raising questions about the quantum properties of electronic systems. The study brings together ideas in condensed matter physics, topology, and knot theory to create a new understanding of quantum mechanics.
Electronic nematicity, a key feature of iron-based superconductors, is primarily driven by spin excitations in FeSe. The study uses RIXS to reveal the spin anisotropies underlying this phenomenon, shedding light on its origin and potential impact on high-temperature superconductivity.
A research team from the University of Bayreuth has successfully generated and analyzed materials under compression pressures of over 1 terapascal, a breakthrough that could deepen our understanding of matter. The study reveals the synthesis and structural analysis of novel rhenium compounds in the terapascal range.
After several dozen charging cycles, the focus shifts from individual electrode particle properties to their interactions. The study identified key attributes contributing to particle breakdown, including particle-particle distance and shape variability.
A new study examines how individual electrode particles contribute to battery decay and identifies key factors, including particle properties and interactions. The research aims to develop techniques to control these properties and design more efficient, long-lasting batteries.
Researchers used room-temperature crystallography to study photosynthetic bacteria's proteins, discovering they are 'remarkably robust' and more efficient than previously thought. The study sheds new insight into the mechanism of electron transfer early in photosynthesis.
A new instrument at the Advanced Light Source enables simultaneous measurement of crystal structure and optical properties during perovskite synthesis. This allows for real-time monitoring of material quality and performance, leading to potentially more efficient solar cells.
Researchers have developed a new X-ray imaging method utilizing hackmanite's colouring abilities, revealing its potential for non-expensive and reusable imaging applications. The study found that adding different atoms to the material impacts its colouring properties, and the mechanism of colour changing occurs through X-ray excitation.
Researchers from IFJ PAN studied the changes in titanium dioxide's surface layers under different temperatures and atmospheres, shedding light on its electronic structure and physico-chemical properties. They also recreated the process of forming the rutile phase at lower temperatures than previously thought.
Researchers at Tohoku University have increased the speed of 4D-CT imaging by a thousand-fold, enabling real-time observation of rubber failure in tires. This breakthrough accelerates the development of new tire materials with improved wear resistance, environmental friendliness, and service life.
Researchers have successfully tracked the ultrafast motion of electrons inside a Xenon atom using synchrotron radiation. By interfering with the coherent light waves, they observed the electron movement at a time scale of femtoseconds, significantly faster than previously thought.
An international team has shown that a pattern of pulses can be generated in a synchrotron radiation source that combines the advantages of both systems, producing laser-like radiation with high repetition rates. This novel approach could facilitate advances in fields such as materials research and quantum physics.
Researchers at Tohoku University and Toshiba Corporation developed a new analytical technology for hard disk drives, enabling precise analysis of write head operations. The method achieves high spatial and temporal resolutions, potentially leading to further increases in HDD capacity and higher data transfer rates.
Researchers have developed a lightweight molecule-based magnet with unprecedented magnetic properties, exhibiting a 'memory effect' at elevated temperatures. The compound contains abundant metal chromium and inexpensive organic molecules, making it a promising alternative to current inorganic commercial magnets.
Researchers found previously unknown lead compounds in ancient Egyptian red and black inks, suggesting they were used as a drying agent. The discovery challenges previous understanding of ancient lead-based pigments and may indicate widespread use of similar techniques earlier than thought.
Scientists from Osaka University have reduced X-ray free-electron laser beam diameter to 6 nanometers, enabling precise imaging of single virus particles and ultrafast chemical processes. This advancement improves the accuracy of measurements closer to the atomic level than previously possible.
A research team at Tohoku University has developed a new method for high-speed, high-resolution X-ray computed tomography (CT) using intense synchrotron radiation. This allows for imaging of samples within milliseconds without the need for extreme rotation, making it possible to control temperature and atmosphere conditions.
Researchers at SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory used computer vision and X-ray tomography data to understand how nickel-manganese-cobalt cathodes degrade over time. They found that particles detaching from the carbon matrix contribute significantly to battery decline, contradicting previous assumptions about making smaller particle...
The new method uses a combination of undulators and TRIBs to switch the helicity of X-ray pulses, enabling faster XMCD experiments with intervals as short as 1 microsecond. This breakthrough could lead to improved imaging techniques for magnetic data storage devices.
Scientists successfully manipulate helium atom's electron cloud using coherent control technique and synchrotron radiation. This breakthrough enables the study of ultrafast phenomena and opens new avenues for functional materials and electronic devices development.
Researchers from Japan demonstrate that synchrotron radiation can be used for coherent control, enabling control over individual excited states in atoms. This breakthrough could lead to new applications at shorter wavelengths, where lasers are limited.
Researchers at Tohoku University have successfully observed the microscopic chemical bonding state of ultrathin MgO using AR-HAXPES. This breakthrough could lead to improved MgO quality and accelerated development of STT-MRAM, a non-volatile memory with high-performance and low power consumption.
A study by Virginia Tech researchers reveals that lithium-ion battery electrode failure is caused by the heterogeneity of individual particles, leading to inefficiencies in charging. The team used a synchrotron X-ray method to produce results and identified problems with batteries today, including uneven charging rates.
Researchers from the University of Science and Technology of China have developed an advanced characterization technique to study the realistic structure of catalysts in water electrolysis. The team used operando synchrotron radiation XAFS technology to identify the atomic-level structure and dynamic evolution of active sites in cobalt...
Researchers discovered fossil parasites inside their hosts, describing four extinct wasp species that were unknown until now. The study provides major information on the evolution of parasitism and its impact on ecosystems.
A team of Japanese scientists has demonstrated a method to produce novel light beams from synchrotron radiation, enabling the generation of X-ray vector beams. This breakthrough could pave the way for new applications in X-ray diffraction, scattering, and absorption/emission spectroscopy.
Researchers used synchrotron radiations to study the formation mechanism of an aromatic polyimide precursor. They found that a Pd catalyst converted into an active intermediate, which then formed the product through disproportionation and reductive elimination.
A new extinct insect species, †Caputoraptor elegans, has been discovered with a novel body structure likely used for mating. The species features a unique cephalo-thoracic scissor device on females, which may be used to cling to males during copulation.
A recent study published in Scientific Reports has revealed that ancient Egyptian scribes used carbon-based inks containing copper, a previously unidentified element. The analysis of 2,000-year-old papyri fragments found consistent composition across different geographical regions and time periods.
Researchers used robotic telescope MASTER-IAC to observe gamma ray burst GRB160625B, revealing that a strong magnetic field controls the jets at first, then matter takes control. The study suggests that both factors play a basic role in the formation of black holes and gamma ray bursts.
A team led by University of Maryland astronomers has constructed one of the most detailed descriptions of a gamma-ray burst to date, shedding light on the initial 'prompt' phase and the evolution of large jets of matter and energy. The data suggest that both magnetic fields and matter play key roles in shaping the jets.
Researchers at IMS have shown theoretically and experimentally that high-energy electrons in circular/spiral motion radiate vortex photons across a broad wavelength range. This discovery indicates that vortex photons are ubiquitous in the universe, paving the way for a new research field.
A new facility at Diamond Light Source allows for long-term experiments (weeks to years) in parallel, detecting phase evolution and structural changes. This addresses the need for studying slow processes like material hydration and metal-organic framework stability.
Scientists improve understanding of actinium, a key element in creating new anticancer drugs. The study reveals actinium's behavior in solution, providing crucial chemical information for designing chelators and developing targeted alpha therapy.
A new study confirms the existence of polymorphs in nanomaterials, revealing two unique structures for gold nanocluster Au144(SR)60. This discovery opens up new avenues for designing nanoparticles with desired properties, paving the way for more efficient materials and applications.
Researchers at New York University and Stanford University have discovered a magnetic wave, known as a soliton, which can maintain its shape as it moves and potentially be harnessed for more energy-efficient computing. The discovery was made using an ultrafast x-ray microscope that enables high spatial resolution and temporal resolution.
Scientists at Helmholtz-Zentrum Berlin have discovered a surprising high-spin ground state in the cationic cousin of dichromium, Cr2+, using x-ray magnetic circular dichroism. The team found complete localization of all ten valence electrons and maximum spin coupling, transforming an antiferromagnet into ferromagnetic.