Theoretical Astrophysics
Articles tagged with Theoretical Astrophysics
Announcing the 2026 Laureates of the Blavatnik Awards for Young Scientists in Israel
Three young scientists in Israel have been awarded the prestigious Blavatnik Awards for their innovative research in chemistry, cancer biology, and astrophysics. Sergey Semenov, Uri Ben-David, and Paz Beniamini will each receive US$100,000 to advance their projects on complex materials, cancer treatments, and extreme cosmic events.
Little red dots: New clues from the early universe
Astronomers used TACC supercomputers to develop models of Little Red Dot formation, finding better agreement with Direct Collapse Black Hole theories. Researchers also analyzed JWST data using a 'genetic technique' to understand the history of these enigmatic cosmic objects.
Starquakes and the archaeology of stellar magnetism
Researchers at ISTA team present theoretical evidence that magnetic fields in stars can persist through all stages of evolution, emerging as 'fossil fields' at the surfaces of older remnants. This discovery sheds new light on our understanding of stellar magnetism and its relation to starquakes.
Study: New explanation for unique ‘negative superhump’ features of deep-space binary star systems
A team of astrophysicists offers a new explanation for negative superhumps in cataclysmic variable star systems, proposing an eccentric accretion disk model. This theory explains the prevalence of negative superhumps across a wide range of binary star masses and may also explain positive superhumps in high mass ratio systems.
Three women named Britain’s Brightest Young Scientists, each winning ‘unrestricted’ £100,000 Blavatnik Awards prize
The Blavatnik Awards recognize exceptional early-career achievements in Life Sciences, Chemical Sciences, and Physical Sciences & Engineering. The 2026 Laureates are Maxie M. Roessler, Thi Hoang Duong Nguyen, and Paola Pinilla.
Young scientists from across the UK shortlisted for largest unrestricted science prize
Three UK researchers will receive the top prize of £100,000 each, while six finalists will receive £30,000. The winners have developed groundbreaking techniques to study protein aggregates, detect fleeting electrons, and develop safer treatments for snakebites.
Did we just see a black hole explode? Physicists at UMass Amherst think so—and it could explain (almost) everything
A team of physicists at UMass Amherst has proposed a new model for black holes, the 'dark charge' model, which explains high-energy neutrinos and solves cosmic mysteries. The model suggests that quasi-extremal primordial black holes, with a 'dark charge,' could be the missing link in explaining the universe's fundamental nature.
Astronomers reveal new details about dark matter’s influence on Universe
Researchers created the highest resolution map of dark matter, showing its interaction with normal matter through gravity. The new data from NASA's James Webb Space Telescope confirms previous research and provides new details about dark matter's influence on the Universe.
Researchers publish new guide to measuring spacetime fluctuations
Researchers developed a unified framework to measure spacetime fluctuations, enabling clear targets for experiments. The study provides measurable signatures for different categories of fluctuations, expanding the possibilities for testing quantum-gravity predictions.
Groundbreaking mapping: how many ghost particles all the Milky Way’s stars send towards Earth
A new study has created a comprehensive model of neutrino mapping, revealing that most stars in the Milky Way generate and emit these ghost particles. The research provides valuable insights into the universe, offering a unique way to explore cosmic phenomena.
Endings and beginnings: ACT releases its final data, shaping the future of cosmology
The Atacama Cosmology Telescope's sixth and final data release confirms the 'Hubble tension' and rules out extended cosmological models, providing new insights into the Universe's evolution and current state. ACT's observations offer a cleaner starting point for future research.
A sparkling ‘Diamond Ring’ in space: Astronomers in Cologne unravel the mystery of a cosmic ring
The team discovered a flat, spherical gas and dust structure resembling a diamond ring, formed by a massive star's radiation and winds. The 'Diamond Ring' is around 20 light years in diameter and shines strongly in infrared light.
The simulated Milky Way: 100 billion stars using 7 million CPU cores
Researchers at RIKEN successfully simulated the Milky Way Galaxy with over 100 billion individual stars, far surpassing previous state-of-the-art models. This achievement demonstrates the power of AI-accelerated simulations in tackling complex multi-scale problems in astrophysics and beyond.
Our solar system is moving faster than expected
A study from Bielefeld University reveals that the solar system is moving more than three times faster than predicted by current models. This deviation was detected using data from radio galaxies, which emit strong radio waves and can penetrate dust and gas.
Are there different types of black holes? New method puts Einstein to the test
Physicists compare black hole shadow images to alternative theories of gravity, showing differences in extreme cosmic objects. High-resolution measurements could test Einstein's theory and confirm or refute exotic possibilities.
How black holes produce powerful relativistic jets
Researchers at Goethe University Frankfurt used complex simulations to study the origin of powerful jets emitted by black holes. They discovered that magnetic reconnection is involved in extracting rotational energy and powering these jets.
Astronomy breakthrough: The mystery of dark matter can be unraveled using radio telescopes
Researchers from Tel Aviv University predict that detecting radio waves from the cosmic dark ages can help resolve the nature of dark matter. The study uses computer simulations to show that dense clumps of dark matter formed throughout the Universe, pulling in hydrogen gas and causing it to emit intense radio waves.
Kyushu University launches Quantum and Spacetime Research Institute
The institute aims to advance fundamental and applied science through interdisciplinary collaboration, with a focus on the unification of gravity and quantum theory. By pursuing the quantum-gravity crossover, researchers hope to develop new technologies and shape humanity's future.
Ten years later, LIGO is a black-hole hunting machine
The Laser Interferometer Gravitational-Wave Observatory (LIGO) has made a significant milestone in its 10-year history, detecting over 300 black hole mergers and surpassing previous records. The improved sensitivity of LIGO's detectors allows for the detection of fainter sources, enabling scientists to test fundamental laws of physics.
UZH device searches for light dark matter
Scientists have developed a new device to probe the existence of dark matter particles across a wide mass range below one mega electron volt. The QROCODILE experiment uses an improved superconducting nanowire single-photon detector to detect changes in direction, which can help filter out non-dark-matter events.
Intergalactic experiment: Researchers hunt for mysterious dark matter particle with clever new trick
Physicists from the University of Copenhagen have discovered a step-like signature that resembles the signature of an elusive axion particle using galaxy clusters. This method has greatly increased what we know about axions, allowing researchers to narrow down the space where it can be found.
Early galaxies — or something else? Mizzou scientists uncover mysterious objects in the universe
Researchers used infrared images to spot bright objects, then applied the 'dropout' technique to confirm their nature. The study could challenge current ideas about galaxy formation in the early universe if confirmed.
Astronomical breakthrough reveals star that survived destructive encounter with black hole
Researchers observed a flare caused by a star falling onto a black hole and surviving the encounter. The discovery suggests that these flares may be part of a longer, more complex story about supermassive black holes.
The dark side of time
Researchers propose a novel method for detecting dark matter using thorium-229 nucleus properties, with potential to detect forces 10 trillion times weaker than gravity. The new approach aims to identify minute deviations in the absorption spectrum of thorium-229 to reveal dark matter's influence.
LIGO-Virgo-KAGRA detect most massive black hole merger to date
The LIGO-Virgo-KAGRA Collaboration has detected the merger of two massive black holes, producing a final black hole approximately 225 times the mass of our Sun. The signal presents a challenge to current astrophysical models and requires advanced theoretical tools to interpret.
Scientific breakthrough uses cold atoms to unlock cosmic mysteries
Researchers successfully demonstrate Fermi acceleration mechanism with ultracold atoms, unlocking new understanding of cosmic rays behavior. The technology has the potential for high-precision control over particle acceleration and opens new possibilities for investigating phenomena relevant to high-energy astrophysics.
AI vs supercomputers round 1: galaxy simulation goes to AI
Researchers used machine learning to simulate galaxy evolution and supernova explosions, achieving speeds four times faster than supercomputers. This breakthrough enables the study of galaxy origins, including the creation of the Milky Way's elements essential for life.
Dark matter formed when fast particles slowed down and got heavy, new theory says
Researchers at Dartmouth College propose a new theory on the origin of dark matter, suggesting it could have formed from high-energy massless particles that rapidly condensed into cold, heavy particles. The theory can be tested using existing observational data, including the Cosmic Microwave Background radiation.
Scientists precisely simulate turbulence in the Galaxy — it doesn’t behave like they thought
Researchers used massive simulations to study galactic-type turbulence, finding that magnetic fields alter energy cascades and suppress small-scale motions. The findings could reshape our understanding of the Galaxy's turbulent structure and its impact on space weather.
Black holes: Beyond the singularity
Researchers explore alternative models of black holes without singularities, which could be distinguishable from standard black holes through subtle deviations in predictions. Observational tests using sophisticated instruments and different channels may reveal clues about internal structure.
FAST detected 90% circular polarization in a repeating fast radio burst
Scientists use FAST to analyze FRB 20201124A and discover 90% circular polarization, a record high. The findings contradict theoretical models, suggesting pulsar-like mechanisms may be more plausible.
Black holes: not endings, but beginnings? New research could revolutionize our understanding of the universe
Researchers propose a revolutionary link between time and dark energy, suggesting that the mysterious force driving the universe's expansion may be used to measure time. The study could pave the way for groundbreaking new fundamental theories and breakthroughs in our understanding of the universe.
Tuning forks in space: A final pure "tone" may reveal interior of neutron stars
Researchers have discovered a strong connection between the long ringdown phase of post-merger gravitational waves and the properties of dense regions in neutron-star cores. Analyzing this phase can significantly reduce uncertainties in the equation of state at very high densities, shedding light on what neutron stars are made of.
The black hole M87*: What has changed in one year
The EHT Collaboration unveils a new analysis of the supermassive black hole at the heart of galaxy M87, combining observations from 2017 and 2018. The study confirms the presence of a luminous ring with a shifted brightest region, indicating turbulent accretion disk dynamics.
NTU Singapore-led discovery poised to help detect dark matter and pave the way to unravel the universe’s secrets
Researchers from NTU Singapore have developed a new crystal structure that shows naturally existing particles can behave like axions, promising to detect dark matter. The findings could lay the groundwork for understanding cosmic phenomena and uncovering the universe's greatest mysteries.
Physicists explain a stellar stream’s distinctive features
Researchers found a core-collapsing self-interacting dark matter subhalo is responsible for the peculiar spur and gap features observed in the GD-1 stellar stream. This discovery provides insights into the nature of dark matter itself and offers a new explanation for the observed perturbations.
Survey of 26,000 dead stars confirms key details of extreme stellar behavior
A study of over 26,000 white dwarf stars confirmed that hotter stars are slightly larger due to higher temperatures. This finding brings scientists closer to understanding the effects of extreme gravity and potentially detecting dark matter particles.
Falsifying anthropics
A new paper in JCAP proposes a way to test the anthropic principle, which suggests the universe is fine-tuned for life. The proposal involves confirming three conditions: cosmic inflation, axion existence, and dark matter not being made of axions.
New idea may crack enigma of the Crab Nebula’s ‘zebra’ pattern
The Crab Pulsar features a unique zebra pattern due to diffraction in the electromagnetic pulses caused by its dense plasma. Researchers have proposed various emission mechanisms, but none have convincingly explained the observed patterns until now.
"islands" of regularity discovered in the famously chaotic three-body problem
Astronomers have discovered patterns of regularity within the chaotic three-body problem, which is a fundamental challenge in physics. The researcher's findings suggest that certain configurations of three massive objects can lead to predictable outcomes, offering new insights into astrophysics and the behavior of black holes.
New detectable gravitational wave source from collapsing stars predicted from simulations
Simulations predict that the violent deaths of rapidly rotating stars can create detectable gravitational waves, which could aid understanding of collapsars and black holes. The signals from these events are strong enough to be picked up by LIGO and may already exist in datasets.
Nanohertz gravitational waves are cool but not supercool
A new study published in Physical Review Letters suggests that nanohertz gravitational waves may not originate from supercool first-order phase transitions. Researchers found that such transitions would struggle to complete, shifting the frequency of the waves away from nanohertz frequencies.
Dark matter seen through a forest
Researchers used hydrogen to track dark matter's presence in the universe, revealing a tension between observations and theoretical predictions. The findings suggest that an unknown particle or new physics may be responsible for this discrepancy.
High-precision measurements challenge our understanding of Cepheids
A new dataset from the VELOCE project has collected over 18,000 high-precision measurements of Cepheid radial velocities, providing insights into the structure and evolution of these stars. The data reveal complex patterns in pulsations that cannot be explained by traditional models, suggesting intricate processes within the stars.
Scientists discover new way to extract cosmological information from galaxy surveys
Scientists have developed a new method to efficiently extract information from galaxy surveys, enabling the use of high-order information in future studies. This breakthrough has significant implications for understanding dark energy, dark matter, and gravity.
Drawing a line back to the origin of life
The study suggests that graphitisation could provide simplicity and a clean environment required for life, theorising that an object roughly the size of the moon hit early Earth around 4.3 billion years ago, depositing iron and other metals that reacted with water to form useful nitrogen-containing compounds.
Plasma oscillations propel breakthroughs in fusion energy
Researchers discovered a new class of plasma oscillations that can exhibit extraordinary features, enabling innovative advancements in particle acceleration and fusion. This finding has significant implications for achieving clean-burning commercial fusion energy.
Migration solves exoplanet puzzle
Research suggests that planetary migration is the key to explaining the mysterious gap in the size distribution of super-Earths. Simulations show that sub-Neptunes' evolution contributes to the observed radius valley, while rocky planets 'shrink' by losing their atmosphere.
New astrophysics model sheds light on additional source of long gamma-ray bursts
A new unified model confirms that some long-lasting gamma-ray bursts are created in the aftermath of cosmic mergers that spawn an infant black hole surrounded by a giant disk of natal material. The findings explain recently observed long GRBs that astronomers couldn't link to collapsing stars.
Grasping the three-dimensional morphology of kilonovae
Researchers have created a three-dimensional computer simulation of the light emitted following a neutron star merger, producing results similar to an observed kilonova. The simulation takes into account various processes and material interactions, enabling predictions for any viewing direction.
Pulsars may make dark matter glow
Scientists propose that pulsars could detect dark matter by observing a subtle additional glow. If axions are produced in strong electromagnetic fields around pulsars, they could convert into observable light.
The universal sound of black holes
Researchers predict that two black holes producing chirp signals preferentially occur in two universal frequency ranges, providing insights into black hole formation and stellar explosion mechanisms.
James Webb Telescope catches glimpse of possible first-ever ‘dark stars’
Astrophysicists analyze James Webb Space Telescope images to find three bright objects that might be 'dark stars,' powering themselves with annihilating particles of dark matter. The discovery could reveal the nature of dark matter and solve the puzzle of galaxy formation.
Dark order in the universe
A team of scientists from Kyoto University has confirmed that galaxy alignments can be a powerful probe for dark matter and dark energy. The analysis of 1.2 million galaxy observations verified general theory of relativity at vast spatial scales, providing strong evidence for gravity's role in shaping the universe.
Four classes of planetary systems
The study reveals that 'similar' planetary systems are the most common type, followed by 'ordered' and then 'anti-ordered' systems. The researchers found that factors such as gas and dust disk mass and star abundance play a crucial role in determining system architecture.
Study suggests a paradigm shift in our understanding of a well-known astrophysical phenomenon
Researchers from Bar-Ilan University have re-examined data on jet velocities and discovered that lower initial jet speed can explain perpetual emission, filling the gap between velocities. This finding changes the paradigm and proves that jets are formed in nature at all speeds.
Ready for its close-up: New technology sharpens images of black holes
A team of researchers used advanced imaging algorithms to sharpen the image of the M87* black hole, revealing new insights into its behavior. The study found a thin, bright ring of light created by photons flung around the back of the black hole by its intense gravity.
The photon ring: A black hole ready for its close-up
A team of researchers used sophisticated imaging algorithms to reveal a thin, bright ring of light created by photons flung around the back of a supermassive black hole. The photon ring, comprising increasingly sharp sub-rings, confirms theoretical predictions and offers new ways to explore these mysterious objects.
HKU Laboratory for Space Research put a positive spin on the Buckyball ‘C60’: Its potential for high level ionisation and as the origin for some of the Mysterious Unidentified Infrared Emission Bands seen in the Universe
A team led by Dr SeyedAbdolreza Sadjadi and Professor Quentin Parker from HKU's Laboratory for Space Research identified highly ionised species of C60 fullerene as plausible carriers of some prominent UIE bands. Theoretical mid-infrared signatures of these ionised forms match well with astronomical UIE features, providing a promising d...