Articles tagged with Dna Fingerprinting
Comprehensive exploration of living organisms, biological systems, and life processes across all scales from molecules to ecosystems. Encompasses cutting-edge research in biology, genetics, molecular biology, ecology, biochemistry, microbiology, botany, zoology, evolutionary biology, genomics, and biotechnology. Investigates cellular mechanisms, organism development, genetic inheritance, biodiversity conservation, metabolic processes, protein synthesis, DNA sequencing, CRISPR gene editing, stem cell research, and the fundamental principles governing all forms of life on Earth.
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Comprehensive investigation of human society, behavior, relationships, and social structures through systematic research and analysis. Encompasses psychology, sociology, anthropology, economics, political science, linguistics, education, demography, communications, and social research methodologies. Examines human cognition, social interactions, cultural phenomena, economic systems, political institutions, language and communication, educational processes, population dynamics, and the complex social, cultural, economic, and political forces shaping human societies, communities, and civilizations throughout history and across the contemporary world.
Fundamental study of the non-living natural world, matter, energy, and physical phenomena governing the universe. Encompasses physics, chemistry, earth sciences, atmospheric sciences, oceanography, materials science, and the investigation of physical laws, chemical reactions, geological processes, climate systems, and planetary dynamics. Explores everything from subatomic particles and quantum mechanics to planetary systems and cosmic phenomena, including energy transformations, molecular interactions, elemental properties, weather patterns, tectonic activity, and the fundamental forces and principles underlying the physical nature of reality.
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Study of the practice, culture, infrastructure, and social dimensions of science itself. Addresses how science is conducted, organized, communicated, and integrated into society. Encompasses research funding mechanisms, scientific publishing systems, peer review processes, academic ethics, science policy, research institutions, scientific collaboration networks, science education, career development, research programs, scientific methods, science communication, and the sociology of scientific discovery. Examines the human, institutional, and cultural aspects of scientific enterprise, knowledge production, and the translation of research into societal benefit.
Comprehensive study of the universe beyond Earth, encompassing celestial objects, cosmic phenomena, and space exploration. Includes astronomy, astrophysics, planetary science, cosmology, space physics, astrobiology, and space technology. Investigates stars, galaxies, planets, moons, asteroids, comets, black holes, nebulae, exoplanets, dark matter, dark energy, cosmic microwave background, stellar evolution, planetary formation, space weather, solar system dynamics, the search for extraterrestrial life, and humanity's efforts to explore, understand, and unlock the mysteries of the cosmos through observation, theory, and space missions.
Comprehensive examination of tools, techniques, methodologies, and approaches used across scientific disciplines to conduct research, collect data, and analyze results. Encompasses experimental procedures, analytical methods, measurement techniques, instrumentation, imaging technologies, spectroscopic methods, laboratory protocols, observational studies, statistical analysis, computational methods, data visualization, quality control, and methodological innovations. Addresses the practical techniques and theoretical frameworks enabling scientists to investigate phenomena, test hypotheses, gather evidence, ensure reproducibility, and generate reliable knowledge through systematic, rigorous investigation across all areas of scientific inquiry.
Study of abstract structures, patterns, quantities, relationships, and logical reasoning through pure and applied mathematical disciplines. Encompasses algebra, calculus, geometry, topology, number theory, analysis, discrete mathematics, mathematical logic, set theory, probability, statistics, and computational mathematics. Investigates mathematical structures, theorems, proofs, algorithms, functions, equations, and the rigorous logical frameworks underlying quantitative reasoning. Provides the foundational language and tools for all scientific fields, enabling precise description of natural phenomena, modeling of complex systems, and the development of technologies across physics, engineering, computer science, economics, and all quantitative sciences.
Experiments found DNA accumulates differently depending on involvement in the process, aiding identification. The study also discovered DNA from capsules can be transferred to ziplock bags, providing a complete profile with minimal contact.
A recent study found that childhood maltreatment is associated with specific epigenetic patterns in sperm, which may mediate effects on offspring brain development. The study also reveals changes in sperm DNA methylation and small non-coding RNA molecules in men with high levels of maltreatment.
A new AI tool uses microbial communities as a 'microscopic fingerprint' to determine geographical source, opening up possibilities in medicine, epidemiology and forensics. The mGPS system achieves impressive precision, pinning down city sources for 92% of samples and distinguishing between handrails and kiosks in NYC.
A new law change proposal aims to provide families of missing persons with an opportunity for closure through burial, rather than cremation. The proposal, backed by expert research, would require DNA sampling before burial to confirm identity and enable family members to make decisions about the body.
A pioneering new DNA forensics technique measures a suspect's individual level of natural shedding of skin and cell DNA. The study found that males shed more cells than females, regardless of hand use.
Researchers from Flinders University and international experts have found a link between COVID-19 vaccine complications and a rare blood disease related to adenovirus infections. The study identified identical molecular fingerprints in both vaccine-induced immune thrombocytopenia and thrombosis (VITT) and classic adenoviral vectored VITT.
Researchers at Binghamton University have developed a new technique to extract usable DNA from bones of fire victims, allowing identification through dental records or DNA testing. The method uses two different techniques to extract DNA, one suitable for temperatures below 350 degrees and the other for hotter fires.
Researchers from Flinders University have found that dust contains distinct chemical and biological signatures that can be used to link a crime scene. The study, published in Forensic Science International Genetics, suggests that dust could be a valuable tool in forensic intelligence gathering.
Forensic scientists at West Virginia University have developed a systematic approach to compare pieces of trace evidence, including duct tape, using a novel method. The technique evaluates fracture edges and demonstrates physical fit, providing a foundation for evaluating error rates and improving accuracy in crime scene investigations.
Researchers have clarified the mechanism behind activating genes in drosophila fly sex cells, which may hold clues to understanding diseases. The study's findings suggest that DNA packaging plays a crucial role in regulating gene expression, with abnormal packaging potentially leading to misregulation and disease.
A new blood test developed at Hebrew University of Jerusalem detects immune and inflammatory activity in tissues by monitoring circulating DNA fragments. This method provides accurate information about immune processes in remote tissues, removing the need for invasive measures.
Researchers used next-generation DNA sequencing to detect residual disease in patients treated with CAR-T therapy for acute lymphoblastic leukemia. The study found that DNA sequencing was more sensitive and accurate than flow cytometry in predicting relapse, enabling earlier intervention.
Researchers found that as icebergs melted, vegetation became scarce, making it difficult for the giant animals to survive. The team analyzed ancient environmental DNA and sequenced plant remains to draw globally significant conclusions.
Studies of cell-free DNA (cfDNA) shed into the blood reveal that modifications, such as methyl groups, can identify specific cell types. This allows for non-invasive assessment of tissue damage and origin, enabling researchers to evaluate treatment effectiveness and detect adverse effects.
Researchers developed a fluorescent polymer that binds to blood in fingerprints without damaging DNA, creating high-contrast images on various surfaces. This technology enhances the detection of invisible bloody prints, critical for forensic evidence analysis.
A machine learning-based analysis of San Francisco Police Department DNA samples found that selective sampling increases DNA match yields by 45.4% while minimizing costs. Processing all samples in a kit doubles positive matches but is only slightly less efficient.
Researchers propose genetic barcodes to guarantee DNA samples' authenticity before reaching the lab, mitigating cyberbiosecurity threats. The system introduces non-harmful material into samples as they're collected, which acts as a password ensuring their genuineness upon processing.
Scientists have developed a new method called CIDER-Seq to sequence circular DNA, providing insight into its function in bacterial and viral genomes. The tool also sheds light on extrachromosomal circular DNA in human and plant cells, which has been difficult to study due to the lack of effective methods.
A new Duke study reveals that mock jurors' confidence in guilt increases with the severity of the alleged crime, regardless of evidence. The study found that DNA and non-DNA physical evidence have a significant impact on jurors' decisions, while prior convictions have less effect.
The National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) has developed a statistical foundation for calculating match statistics when using Next Generation Sequencing in forensic DNA profiling. This new data enables labs to generate reliable match statistics, even with partial DNA profiles or mixtures from multiple individuals.
Researchers developed a new blood test that uses Raman spectroscopy to estimate the age of victims and suspects. The test was able to distinguish between different age groups with high accuracy, making it a potentially useful addition to current forensic science techniques.
Researchers have identified a unique set of protein markers in human hair that could be used to distinguish individuals. The findings demonstrate the robustness of these proteins and estimate that they would be sufficient to provide a unique pattern for an individual among a population of one million.
Two studies on yeast reveal that gene expression among tandem DNA repeats varies substantially depending on position within the array. These findings provide key information about DNA architecture in cells, highlighting the central role of chromosome architecture in regulating these sequences.
Researchers at the University of Huddersfield have developed a solution to distinguish between the DNA of identical twins using high-resolution melt curve analysis (HRMA). The technique exploits differences in DNA methylation patterns caused by environmental factors, enabling forensic investigators to accurately identify guilty parties.
A new study identifies a DNA biomarker that can detect β cell death and predict type 1 diabetes risk. Unmethylated insulin DNA levels correlate with reduced β cell function and increased risk of clinical onset.
The university's forensic geneticist will use the grant to develop and improve 'DNA intelligence' tools that can predict eye, hair, or skin color from genetic material. This technology will aid investigators in identifying unknown suspects and solving cold cases.
Scientists have developed a new type of molecular motor made of DNA that can transport nanoparticles along the length of a carbon nanotube. The motor uses energy from RNA molecules to fuel its movement, which is controllable and adaptable to changes in the local environment.
A Minnesota high school dance team banquet led to a strep throat outbreak among 18 people who consumed cooked pasta. DNA fingerprinting revealed the bacteria isolated from throats matched those found in the pasta.
Scientists analyzed DNA from a New Zealand museum specimen to determine if it represents a new type of killer whale. The study found that the specimen separated from other killer whales approximately 390,000 years ago, suggesting it may be a separate subspecies or species.
Researchers have identified 10 new gene regions associated with type 2 diabetes, providing a fuller picture of the disease's genetic underpinnings. The study reveals patterns in genes involved in cell growth, insulin production, and fat cell communication.
The lobSTR algorithm accelerates DNA profiling by accurately analyzing over 100,000 short tandem repeats in a single day. This innovation opens up new research opportunities in medical genetics, population genetics, and forensics.
Researchers have identified the 'speed gene' in modern Thoroughbred racehorses as originating from a single British mare around 300 years ago. This finding was made by analyzing DNA from hundreds of horses and is significant for understanding the evolution of racing strategies.
Researchers obtained full DNA profiles from eight backpacks containing pipe bombs and matched them with volunteers who handled the bags for a week. This method, called consensus profiling, can help rule out DNA traces from others.
Researchers have cultured and identified a new type of fungus, Archaeorhizomycetes finlayi, found in soil for millions of years. The fungus, which is slow-growing and produces spores only in soil, may play a role in breaking down dead plants.
A novel DNA-sensing mechanism plays a role in the innate immune response to Plasmodium falciparum, the parasite that causes malaria. The study identifies an unknown receptor coupling to molecules linked with DNA-mediated type I interferon production, suggesting a broader impact on infectious diseases.
A newly developed DNA test can quickly analyze crime scene DNA and compare it to suspects' DNA, potentially keeping high-risk individuals incarcerated longer. The test, which takes four hours to produce results, is an improvement over current methods that take 24-72 hours.
A study by University of Exeter biologists uses digital video technology, tagging, and DNA fingerprinting to examine the behavior and ancestry of field crickets in their natural environment. The research reveals that dominant males don't always have more mates or offspring, and females can benefit from having multiple partners.
Researchers have confirmed the identities of the two missing Romanov children murdered in 1918 using DNA analysis. The study used mitochondrial and nuclear DNA to link the remains to Empress Alexandra and Crown Prince Alexei, resolving a 90-year-old mystery. Genetic connections were established through maternal and paternal lineages.
A new study published in PLOS ONE successfully extracted and analyzed authentic DNA from ancient Viking skeletons, avoiding contamination issues. The analysis revealed that the Vikings were genetically diverse and showed no evidence of extraneous DNA.
A recent study by the University of Alberta reveals that some Arctic foxes engage in polyandry, where females have multiple male mates, and multiple paternity, leading to increased genetic variation. This finding challenges previous notions of monogamous mating habits in canid species.
A study using DNA chips has identified four genes associated with type 2 diabetes, accounting for up to 70% of the genetic risk. The genes include TCF7L2, HHEX, EXT2, and SLC30A8, which play major roles in insulin production and pancreatic function.
A new DNA technique, known as plant-fingerprinting, can identify poisonous plants from animal remains by analyzing DNA sequences in the rumen. This method uses plant material extracted from animals within 24 hours of death to create a unique template for amplifying specific DNA sequences.
A new DNA 'fingerprinting' technique separates hemp from marijuana by analyzing genetic markers. This method has the potential to distinguish marijuana varieties and aid in establishing origins of seized drugs, with implications for drug distribution networks and criminal defenses.
Researchers found paternal discrepancy rates range from less than 1% to as much as 30%, with genetic testing potentially boosting these rates. Around one in 25 families could be affected, highlighting the need for support services and guidance on disclosure.
Researchers have identified a novel imprinting mechanism in yeast that controls sexual switching by marking genomic DNA with a simple single-strand break. This breakthrough discovery has general implications for how DNA can be marked for asymmetric inheritance affecting cell destiny.
Eric Simone, a Johns Hopkins undergraduate, has developed a microchip that can isolate and move DNA and protein molecules. The innovative circular electrode design allows for more effective analysis in certain bio-analytical applications, holding promise for disease diagnosis and monitoring.
The use of DNA fingerprinting in criminal cases is a growing concern due to its potential for misidentification. In New York City, the DNA itself will be charged with an offense, ignoring the statute of limitations and raising questions about fairness and accuracy.
The new test uses PAP smears to isolate and genetically identify foetal cells, allowing for non-invasive prenatal diagnosis of chromosomal and single gene disorders. This reduces the risk of miscarriage associated with invasive tests and increases accessibility to prenatal testing for all pregnant women.
A study by Cornell University researchers found that listeriosis cases are more likely to occur in clusters, which can help identify the source of contamination. This new understanding has the potential to prevent outbreaks and save lives.
A UC Riverside graduate student has won the Best Poster award at an international conference for his research on clustering binary fingerprint vectors with missing values. His work aims to improve DNA microarray data analysis, which can help classify microorganisms and detect diseases.
Researchers are creating a genetic database for ornamental trees by analyzing the DNA of George Washington's trees. The project, led by Virginia Tech and the USDA Forest Service, aims to understand the genetics of specific tree species.
Researchers discovered identical DNA fingerprints in bacterial cultures from two TB patients who were bronchoscoped at the same hospital. The study emphasizes the importance of maintaining TB DNA fingerprint registries to identify unsuspected transmission modes.