Physical Anthropology
Articles tagged with Physical Anthropology
Peruvian hairless dogs discovered at ancient site
A new study published in the Journal of Anthropological Archaeology provides physical evidence of Peruvian hairless dogs from the Wari Empire site of Castillo de Huarmey. The site, located on the Pacific coast of northern Peru, yielded dog skeletal remains that were analyzed using standard zooarchaeological methods and isotopic analysis.
Elephant meat aplenty for Neanderthals 125,000 years ago
Researchers found evidence of successful Neanderthal hunting of a straight-tusked elephant in Germany, with cut marks preserved on the ribs and vertebrae. The find provides crucial insights into the diet and hunting strategies of Neanderthals, who likely hunted a range of animals using wooden weapons.
Got milk? Mineralized dental plaque from the Iron Age provides insight into the diet of the Scythians
A team of scientists analyzed 2,500 year old dental plaque to find evidence of dairy consumption among the Scythians, revealing a more diverse diet than previously thought. The study provides direct proof of horse milk consumption and highlights the potential for dairy products to provide insight into ancient cultural practices.
A new fossil face sheds light on early migrations of ancient human ancestor
A new fossil face from Gona, Ethiopia, has provided insights into the first hominin species to disperse from Africa. The 1.5-million-year-old fossil, called DAN5, shows a mix of typical Homo erectus characters in its braincase but more ancestral features in its face and teeth.
Humans rank between meerkats and beavers in monogamy ‘league table’
A recent study published by the University of Cambridge ranks species based on their levels of exclusive mating. Humans fall between meerkats and beavers in terms of monogamy rates. The study analyzed proportions of full versus half-siblings across various mammal species, including humans. This approach provides a more direct measure o...
How did Bronze Age plague spread? A sheep might solve the mystery
Researchers discovered Yersinia pestis DNA in a 4,000-year-old domesticated sheep from Arkaim, Russia, providing a missing link for the Bronze Age plague's widespread spread. The findings suggest that people, livestock, and an unidentified natural reservoir played a dynamic role in the disease's evolution.
An archaeological breakthrough will facilitate the mapping of underground spaces - The technology will enable 3D imaging of the subsurface for archaeological excavations.
Archaeologists can now map hidden voids such as tunnels and channels using muon tomography, a method that detects changes in soil penetrability to cosmic radiation particles. The technology was successfully demonstrated at the City of David archaeological site in Jerusalem.
Earliest evidence discovered of interbreeding between Homo sapiens and Neanderthals
A 140,000-year-old child's skeleton from Israel reveals biological ties between Neanderthals and early Homo sapiens through unique morphological traits. The discovery confirms genetic exchanges between the two groups, with up to 6% of modern humans' genome originating from Neanderthals.
Changes in diet drove physical evolution in early humans
A new study found that early humans consumed carbohydrate-rich foods like grains and underground plant tissues before they had the ideal teeth to chew them efficiently. This suggests that behavior played a significant role in their physical evolution, allowing them to adapt to new environments despite physical limitations.
University of Houston archaeologists discover tomb of first king of Caracol
The discovery sheds light on the complex connections between ancient Maya and central Mexican civilizations. Archaeologists found artifacts indicating early contact between the two regions around AD 350.
Different ways of ‘getting a grip’
New research finds that Australopithecus sediba and Homo naledi used their hands for both tool use and climbing, with distinct patterns of finger bone structure indicating different grip types. The study reveals varying levels of dexterity and climbing abilities among ancient human relatives in South Africa.
Study reveals vast Aztec trade networks behind ancient obsidian artifacts
Researchers analyzed 788 obsidian artifacts from the Templo Mayor, finding diverse sources of obsidian used for both ritual and everyday objects. The study suggests a complex economy that relied on conquest and active trade with rival polities.
MSU to create first-of-its-kind database for analyzing human remains
MSU is developing a computer program called MOSAIC to create holistic biological profiles from skeletal remains, making the investigative process clearer and more efficient. The project aims to leverage relationships between various structures to provide estimates without biasing results by focusing on individual components.
Neuroscience beyond boundaries: Dr. Melissa Perreault bridges Indigenous knowledge and brain science
Dr. Melissa Perreault's research combines cutting-edge science with Indigenous knowledge, pioneering sex-specific biomarkers, neuroethics, and psychedelics research in neuropsychiatry. Her work aims to promote inclusive methodologies that consider diverse worldviews and cultural understandings of health.
A kinder, gentler social life: How Kinda baboons redefine primate friendships
Kinda baboons exhibit a unique social structure where males actively cultivate long-term bonds with females, persisting across reproductive states. This behavior challenges traditional classifications of baboon social structures and may offer insights into primate evolution.
Biodiversity change amidst disappearing human traditions
Dr. Gergana Daskalova's research explores biodiversity change amidst disappearing human traditions and changing socio-economics, shedding light on interactions between humans and nature. Her five-year fellowship project investigates the ecological and human fingerprints of land abandonment, focusing on Bulgaria's depopulating trend.
Mizzou scientists create geochemical fingerprints
Scientists use modern technology to analyze ancient ochre samples, revealing the material's origin and history. This helps them understand how human cognition and social networks developed alongside early technological innovations.
Professor awarded NEH grant to advance anthropology research collections at Texas A&M
The National Endowment for the Humanities has awarded a Preservation Assistance Grant to Texas A&M University's Anthropology Research Collections. The grant will help protect and improve access to the university's anthropological and archaeological materials, while also providing new learning opportunities for graduate students.
Microscopic study of milk teeth reveals mystery of death of Iberian culture newborns buried inside homes
A microscopic study of milk teeth reveals that newborn Iberian infants died mainly from natural causes like birth complications or premature births. Researchers applied innovative methodology to analyze the neonatal line in baby teeth, identifying moments of birth and death with precision.
Risky play in childhood exercises an ancestral need to push limits
Dartmouth anthropologists argue that jungle gyms and monkey bars are essential for childhood development, allowing children to build resilience and confidence through risk-taking play. The research cites fossil evidence showing early humans spent extensive time in trees, and modern nonhuman primates exhibit similar climbing skills.
Study on architecture of heart offers new understanding of human evolution
Researchers compared human hearts with those of great apes, discovering a more compact muscle structure in humans, related to greater cardiac function. This finding supports the hypothesis that human heart evolved to meet higher demands of human physiology, such as larger brain size and physical activity.
Interspecies competition led to even more forms of ancient human – defying evolutionary trends in vertebrates
A new study reveals that competition between species played a major role in the rise and fall of hominins. The research found that the Homo lineage experienced an unprecedented number of new species emerging, contradicting traditional views on evolutionary patterns. Technology, such as stone tools and fire, may have driven this process.
Researchers create method to detect cases of anemia in archaeological remains
Anemia affects about 2 billion people worldwide and has been a significant health concern since its recognition as a blood condition in the 1800s. The new method uses microscopic gaps between bone layers to diagnose anemia in both living and dead subjects.
Get off on the right foot: Shedding light on the complex evolution of our “support structures” as bipedal creatures
Scientists studied medial longitudinal arch of the foot, a key adaptation for efficient bipedal walking. They found variation in navicular bone morphology among flat-footed individuals and those with well-developed arches, suggesting inborn flat feet may be a normal variant.
‘Woman the hunter’: Studies aim to correct history
Recent studies by Cara Ocobock and Sarah Lacy found that prehistoric women engaged in hunting, with their female anatomy providing advantages such as endurance and fat metabolism. The research corrects the historical erasure of women from the narrative of human evolution.
Chimpanzees use high ground to gather information about rival groups
In a groundbreaking study, researchers found that chimpanzees climb hills near territory borders to gather information about rival groups and reduce the risk of encounters. This behavior suggests complex cognitive abilities and tactical use of landscape features in conflict with neighbors.
Unveiling Japan's ancient practice of cranial modification: The case of the Hirota people in Tanegashima
Researchers from Kyushu University discovered intentional cranial modification among the Hirota people on Tanegashima island, characterized by a flattened back of the skull. The practice, which predates written history, was likely used to signify group affiliation and preserve social status.
Interdisciplinary team studies decomposition effects on soil
A multidisciplinary team analyzed soil samples from underneath decomposing human bodies to understand the release of elements such as sulfur, phosphorus, and calcium. The study found unexpected concentrations of these elements in the soils, which could aid investigators in locating missing persons and estimating time of death.
New research shows genetic mutation known for Alzheimer’s disease is associated with higher fertility in women
A new study found that Tsimane women with the APOE-ε4 allele had an increase of 0.5 births and shorter interbirth intervals, allowing them to have about half an additional child. This advantageous effect on fertility could help explain why the allele persists despite negative effects in later life.
Consumers more likely to use virtual apparel try-on software if interactive
A University of Missouri study found that consumers are more likely to use virtual apparel try-on software if it is interactive and easy to use. The research suggests that making the technology versatile can reduce privacy concerns, with qualities like interactivity having a direct impact on users' willingness to shop virtually.
Humans’ evolutionary relatives butchered one another 1.45 million years ago
Researchers have identified cut marks on a fossil leg bone that suggest butchery and likely cannibalism by humans' close evolutionary relatives around 1.45 million years ago. The analysis of 3D models revealed nine clear matches for stone tool damage, which was found to be located in areas suitable for removing flesh.
Genetics as conservation tool for endangered chimpanzees
A genetic census has been used to estimate the number and population structure of critically endangered western chimpanzees in West Africa. The analysis identified a total of 136 chimpanzees living in four different communities, with high levels of shared ancestry and genetic diversity.
Parasitic infections common in kids in low-resource US communities, study finds
A study found 38% of children in a rural Mississippi Delta community had parasitic worms or protist infections. This is a neglected health issue in low-resource areas, linked to poor sanitation and climate change. The researcher emphasizes the need for direct community engagement and investment in infrastructure to address these issues.
2.9-million-year-old butchery site reopens case of who made first stone tools
The discovery of stone tools and cut-marked animal bones at the Nyayanga site in Kenya offers new insights into the dawn of stone technology. The artifacts, dating back 2.9 million years, include hammerstones, cores, and flakes, which were used to process a wide range of materials and foods.
Biosensors change the way water contamination is detected
Researchers from Northwestern University have developed a new biosensor device that accurately detects toxic levels of fluoride in water, allowing for easy use outside of a lab. The device has been field-tested in rural Kenya, showing excellent accuracy and usability results.
Jawbone may represent earliest presence of humans in Europe
A new analysis of a 45,000-65,000 year old fossil mandible from Spain suggests it may be the earliest documented presence of Homo sapiens in Europe, rather than a Neandertal. The study used CT scanning and 3D modeling to analyze the fossil's shape and features, finding that it shared characteristics with both humans and Neandertals.
Study of ancient skulls sheds light on human interbreeding with Neandertals
Researchers assessed facial structure of prehistoric skulls to determine extent of interbreeding between humans and Neandertals. The study found that the Near East was an important crossroads for human migration and interaction, supporting the hypothesis that much of this interbreeding took place in the region.
New Mexico mammoths among best evidence for early humans in North America
The New Mexico site provides conclusive evidence for early human settlement in North America, dating back to 36,250-38,900 years ago. The site's fossil record includes blunt-force fractures, bone flake knives, and signs of controlled fire, which were not typical of earlier archaeological sites.
Researchers use skull CT scans to estimate assigned sex at birth
A new study proposes a 'population-inclusive' method for estimating assigned sex at birth from 3D volume-rendered computed tomography (CT) scans of skulls, without relying on ancestry or population affinity. This approach shows statistically similar results to existing methods and can be used in cases where population affinity is unknown.
Tooth study prompts rethink of human evolution
A recent study of wild Japanese macaques has found atypical tooth wear patterns that challenge our understanding of human evolution. The research suggests that the 'toothpick' grooves and large uniform scratches observed in fossil humans may have been caused by eating shellfish and accidentally chewing grit and sand, rather than tool use.
Post-mortem interval of human skeletal remains accurately determined by means of non-destructive techniques
A new model using Raman spectroscopy and chemometrics has been developed to accurately determine the post-mortem interval (PMI) in human skeletal remains. This non-destructive technique provides valuable information for forensic medicine and anthropology, improving reliability and accuracy.
Forensic researchers call for proactive efforts to address racism
The article highlights the importance of addressing systemic racism in forensic sciences by engaging with descendant communities and institutions. Forensic researchers advocate for repatriation and interment of remains collected without consent, emphasizing the need for uncomfortable conversations and criticism on issues related to race.
Larger conservation areas didn’t protect animals in central Africa
A new study suggests that larger conservation areas are ineffective in protecting threatened species in central Africa, citing a lack of funding and resource management issues. The research found that broader conservation efforts often led to decreased populations due to the lands being too large to manage effectively.
What big teeth you have: Tooth root surface area can determine primate size
Researchers at North Carolina State University developed formulas to calculate primate body size based on tooth root surface area. This discovery can be applied to partial and incomplete fossils, allowing scientists to determine the diet of ancient primates.
A study of skull growth and tooth emergence reveals that timing is everything
A study by Arizona State University researchers reveals that the coordination between facial growth and chewing muscle mechanics determines when adult molars emerge. The study found that human molars come in at a later age due to slow jaw growth and short faces, which creates a mechanically safe space for molar emergence.
Research 'final nail in the coffin' of Paranthropus as hard object feeders
Researchers from the University of Otago debunked a long-held belief about Paranthropus' eating habits, finding no evidence to support regular consumption of hard foods. Instead, they found similar tooth fracture patterns in fossil humans and living primates that eat soft fruits or leaves.
Ancestry estimation perpetuates racism, white supremacy
A new paper argues that ancestry estimation, used in forensic anthropology, is rooted in racist 'race science' and perpetuates white supremacy. The practice relies on flawed methods that have been debunked for decades.
Following African elephant trails to approach conservation differently
African forest elephants' trail networks benefit humans and local communities. Biological anthropology plays a crucial role in conservation by considering human knowledge and needs alongside species protection.
Revamping science: Making room for more voices
The article discusses the importance of diversity in science, highlighting how underrepresented groups' voices are enriching scientific knowledge. Scientists from diverse backgrounds challenge existing perspectives on race, sex, and gender, promoting a more complete understanding of human and nonhuman diversity.
Three previously unknown ancient primates identified
Biological anthropologists from the University of Texas at Austin have discovered three previously unknown ancient primates in San Diego County. The fossils date back 42 million to 46 million years, with estimated weights ranging from 113 to 796 grams.
How infighting turns toxic for chimpanzees
A recent study analyzed the social networks of 19 male chimpanzees, revealing how power struggles and competition for mates led to the division of the chimp community. The findings suggest that internal conflicts can have far-reaching consequences in primate societies.
Dartmouth-led study of chimpanzees explores the early origins of human hand dexterity
A Dartmouth-led study reveals that chimpanzees use advanced manual prehension to evaluate and select figs, demonstrating a significant foraging advantage over other primates. The findings provide new insight into the evolution of skilled forelimb movements and the ecological origins of human hands with fine motor control.
Forensic research on modern child abuse can shed light on past cultures
Biological anthropologists use skeletal remains to understand how earlier peoples lived, while forensic experts decipher skeletal evidence to solve crimes. Researchers at North Carolina State University have published guidance on analyzing child-abuse victims to shed light on past cultures' treatment of children.
Do no harm: Examining the impact of medical students' short-term international study
A new article by Melissa Melby and colleagues highlights the need for cultural humility and specialized cross-cultural training in short-term global health programs. The authors propose four core principles to guide program development and participant evaluation, aiming to improve outcomes for both students and communities.
Team reports on abuse of students doing anthropological fieldwork
A new report documents harassment, abuse, or assaults of young researchers in biological anthropology fieldwork. Larger research sites tend to have fewer incidents than smaller ones.
Modern humans emerged far earlier than previously thought
A team of researchers has uncovered well-dated human fossils in southern China, pushing back the known emergence of modern humans by at least 60,000 years. The discovery indicates that early modern humans co-existed with late archaic humans for tens of millennia across Eurasia.
It was brawn over beauty in human mating competition
Research suggests that physical prowess was the key factor in human mate competition, with men competing for dominance and access to mates. Men are stronger than 99.9% of women, despite average differences in size, due to increased muscle mass.
Kent State University Professor C. Owen Lovejoy helps unveil oldest hominid skeleton
The discovery of Ardipithecus ramidus provides new information on human evolution, suggesting that humans did not evolve from apes but rather that apes evolved from humans. The 4.4 million-year-old skeleton is more informative than the famous 'Lucy' fossil and sheds light on human behavior and anatomy.
Human ancestors more primitive that once thought
A team of researchers has determined that human ancestors outside of Africa were more primitive than previously thought, based on analysis of 1.8 million-year-old fossils found in Dmanisi, Georgia. The species had a small stature and brain size similar to earlier African species, with some modern aspects of lower limb morphology.