Articles tagged with History Of Mathematics
Comprehensive exploration of living organisms, biological systems, and life processes across all scales from molecules to ecosystems. Encompasses cutting-edge research in biology, genetics, molecular biology, ecology, biochemistry, microbiology, botany, zoology, evolutionary biology, genomics, and biotechnology. Investigates cellular mechanisms, organism development, genetic inheritance, biodiversity conservation, metabolic processes, protein synthesis, DNA sequencing, CRISPR gene editing, stem cell research, and the fundamental principles governing all forms of life on Earth.
Comprehensive medical research, clinical studies, and healthcare sciences focused on disease prevention, diagnosis, and treatment. Encompasses clinical medicine, public health, pharmacology, epidemiology, medical specialties, disease mechanisms, therapeutic interventions, healthcare innovation, precision medicine, telemedicine, medical devices, drug development, clinical trials, patient care, mental health, nutrition science, health policy, and the application of medical science to improve human health, wellbeing, and quality of life across diverse populations.
Comprehensive investigation of human society, behavior, relationships, and social structures through systematic research and analysis. Encompasses psychology, sociology, anthropology, economics, political science, linguistics, education, demography, communications, and social research methodologies. Examines human cognition, social interactions, cultural phenomena, economic systems, political institutions, language and communication, educational processes, population dynamics, and the complex social, cultural, economic, and political forces shaping human societies, communities, and civilizations throughout history and across the contemporary world.
Fundamental study of the non-living natural world, matter, energy, and physical phenomena governing the universe. Encompasses physics, chemistry, earth sciences, atmospheric sciences, oceanography, materials science, and the investigation of physical laws, chemical reactions, geological processes, climate systems, and planetary dynamics. Explores everything from subatomic particles and quantum mechanics to planetary systems and cosmic phenomena, including energy transformations, molecular interactions, elemental properties, weather patterns, tectonic activity, and the fundamental forces and principles underlying the physical nature of reality.
Practical application of scientific knowledge and engineering principles to solve real-world problems and develop innovative technologies. Encompasses all engineering disciplines, technology development, computer science, artificial intelligence, environmental sciences, agriculture, materials applications, energy systems, and industrial innovation. Bridges theoretical research with tangible solutions for infrastructure, manufacturing, computing, communications, transportation, construction, sustainable development, and emerging technologies that advance human capabilities, improve quality of life, and address societal challenges through scientific innovation and technological progress.
Study of the practice, culture, infrastructure, and social dimensions of science itself. Addresses how science is conducted, organized, communicated, and integrated into society. Encompasses research funding mechanisms, scientific publishing systems, peer review processes, academic ethics, science policy, research institutions, scientific collaboration networks, science education, career development, research programs, scientific methods, science communication, and the sociology of scientific discovery. Examines the human, institutional, and cultural aspects of scientific enterprise, knowledge production, and the translation of research into societal benefit.
Comprehensive study of the universe beyond Earth, encompassing celestial objects, cosmic phenomena, and space exploration. Includes astronomy, astrophysics, planetary science, cosmology, space physics, astrobiology, and space technology. Investigates stars, galaxies, planets, moons, asteroids, comets, black holes, nebulae, exoplanets, dark matter, dark energy, cosmic microwave background, stellar evolution, planetary formation, space weather, solar system dynamics, the search for extraterrestrial life, and humanity's efforts to explore, understand, and unlock the mysteries of the cosmos through observation, theory, and space missions.
Comprehensive examination of tools, techniques, methodologies, and approaches used across scientific disciplines to conduct research, collect data, and analyze results. Encompasses experimental procedures, analytical methods, measurement techniques, instrumentation, imaging technologies, spectroscopic methods, laboratory protocols, observational studies, statistical analysis, computational methods, data visualization, quality control, and methodological innovations. Addresses the practical techniques and theoretical frameworks enabling scientists to investigate phenomena, test hypotheses, gather evidence, ensure reproducibility, and generate reliable knowledge through systematic, rigorous investigation across all areas of scientific inquiry.
Study of abstract structures, patterns, quantities, relationships, and logical reasoning through pure and applied mathematical disciplines. Encompasses algebra, calculus, geometry, topology, number theory, analysis, discrete mathematics, mathematical logic, set theory, probability, statistics, and computational mathematics. Investigates mathematical structures, theorems, proofs, algorithms, functions, equations, and the rigorous logical frameworks underlying quantitative reasoning. Provides the foundational language and tools for all scientific fields, enabling precise description of natural phenomena, modeling of complex systems, and the development of technologies across physics, engineering, computer science, economics, and all quantitative sciences.
Researchers at the University of Missouri are developing AI models to accurately detect melanoma by analyzing images of skin abnormalities. The technology can help dermatologists identify cases that may require closer attention, leading to earlier treatment and improved health outcomes.
Two new books will be published by Quanta Books: Six Math Essentials by Terence Tao and Everything Is Fields by David Tong. The books invite readers on a tour of transformational ideas that have shaped our modern understanding of the universe, covering topics such as numbers, algebra, geometry, probability, analysis, and dynamics.
Aalto University researcher Mikhail Ganzhinov established three new lower bounds for the kissing number: at least 510 in dimension 10 and at least 1,932 in dimension 14. AI was only able to find one new bound, in dimension 11, with a score of 593.
Researchers used existing data from 72 women's international basketball games to analyze and classify ball movements. The study found that fast breaks, especially changes in direction of ball movement, contributed to higher scoring rates.
A 3700-year-old clay tablet, discovered in central Iraq, is the oldest known example of applied geometry. The UNSW scientist's analysis reveals a human story of land surveying and geometric understanding, with Pythagorean triples used to make accurate right angles.
A recent study analyzing nearly 250,000 mathematicians found that the Fields Medal has elevated marginalized nationalities, but also perpetuates self-reinforcing behavior through mentoring relationships. The research highlights the need for the prize to return to its roots and achieve its original goal of promoting inclusivity in math.
A FAU professor suggests using history to make mathematics education more exciting and meaningful, by highlighting famous mathematicians' mistakes and the evolution of standards. This approach aims to encourage deeper learning and build confidence among students.
A new study found substantial variation in how languages conceptualize emotions across thousands of languages, with patterns emerging from colexification. Language families in close geographic proximity share more similar views on emotion than distant ones, highlighting the importance of culture and common ancestry.
Researchers at Virginia Tech use drones and AI to complement human searchers, analyzing historical data from over 50,000 lost person scenarios. The system aims to provide large-scale data for better decision-making, addressing niche problems in the search process.
A team of historians refutes Oxford's findings on the Bakhshali manuscript, dating its zero to a later period. The manuscript contains 'true' zero with calculations and proves early Sanskrit author thought about zero numerically.
The discovery of Plimpton 322 reveals the ancient Babylonians' use of a novel kind of trigonometry based on ratios, not angles and circles, to calculate shapes of right-angle triangles. The tablet predates Hipparchus' trigonometric table by over 1000 years, offering new possibilities for modern mathematics research and education.
The Leopoldina Annual Assembly brings together 400 participants from around the world to discuss international dialogue in science. Key findings include recognition of outstanding research into present-day Chinese culture, with Freiburg sinologist Lena Henningsen receiving the Leopoldina Early Career Award 2016.
Umberto Bottazzini, a professor at the University of Milan, received the 2015 AMS Whiteman Prize for his works on modern mathematics in Italy and complex analysis. His publications have greatly advanced understanding of the development of modern mathematics.
A mathematical model accurately matches the historical record on the emergence of complex states in ancient societies. Simulated warfare drives the formation of large-scale complex societies.
The American Mathematical Society has awarded several major prizes, including the AMS Steele Prize for Lifetime Achievement and the AMS-SIAM George David Birkhoff Prize in Applied Mathematics. The winners include IVO M. Babuska, Michael Aschbacher, William P. Thurston, and Dana McKenzie, among others.
A new mathematical model explores the emergence and collapse of complex societies via warfare, revealing that stability is strongly promoted by wealth, power, and well-defined succession mechanisms. The model also predicts 'chiefly cycles' of rapid growth and collapse due to warfare, which can occur without environmental disturbances.
Ngô Bao Châu received the Fields Medal for his proof of the fundamental lemma in automorphic forms through new algebro-geometric methods. His work has relevance to high-energy physics, computer science, and cryptography, building on decades of mathematicians' contributions.
Radha Charan Gupta will be the first Indian to receive the prize for his contributions to the history of mathematics, specifically work on trigonometry in India.
Dr Jay Kennedy discovers a regular pattern of symbols in Plato's books, linked to Pythagoras' harmony of the spheres, revealing his philosophy on nature and God. This breakthrough challenges conventional wisdom and opens up new ways to unite science and religion.
Kathy Clark's project aims to give math a human face by exploring the lives of women who contributed to mathematics. The program will focus on four women's contributions, including Mary Everest Boole, Sophie Germain, Grace Chisholm Young, and Florence Nightingale.
The Clay Mathematics Institute awards Dr. Perelman the Millennium Prize for resolving the Poincaré conjecture, a century-long quest in mathematics. Perelman's breakthrough proof uses the Ricci flow method and introduces new ideas and techniques.
The American Mathematical Society presented several prestigious prizes to recognize exceptional contributions in mathematics. The winners include Luis Caffarelli, Richard Hamilton, and Maryam Mirzakhani, who were honored for their groundbreaking research and achievements.
New computer tools based on formal proof can provide nearly infallible proofs of important mathematical results. Formal proof assistants have become powerful enough to handle difficult proofs and explore mathematics independently.
Alberto Bressan has been selected to receive the Antonio Feltrinelli Prize for his groundbreaking research on hyperbolic conservation laws. The prize is awarded annually in the area of physical and mathematical sciences, recognizing achievements that contribute to the development of new mathematics.
Research by Iris Van Gulik found that pupils who learned proofs in plane geometry through the history of non-Euclidean geometry gained a deeper understanding. The method also led to higher motivation among pupils. In contrast, teaching methods focused on historical development were less successful.