A team of researchers has developed a genetic tracking system that allows them to follow neural crest cells from the embryonic stage to adulthood. The study reveals key players in tooth formation and highlights their contribution to other craniofacial structures.
Chemist John D. Corbett is recognized for his pioneering work in inorganic chemistry, leading to the discovery of novel solid-state compounds with unique structures and properties. His research has enabled the development of products such as cell-phone batteries, catalytic converters, and corrosion-resistant alloys.
Frank Cardulla, a Glenview teacher, has won the James Bryant Conant Award for his innovative approach to teaching high school chemistry. He emphasizes understanding over rote memorization, encouraging students to think critically about chemical processes.
Dr. Mario Molina, Nobel laureate and environmental science professor, will address his experiences as a minority in the sciences at the American Chemical Society meeting. He will also discuss his work on ozone depletion and atmospheric chemistry.
A Canadian Medical Association Journal study found that pushes from behind and impacts with the boards account for most spinal injuries in ice hockey. The study also revealed regional disparities and a disturbingly low median age of injured players, highlighting the need for prevention strategies.
For over 40 years, chemist Ernest Davidson has used computers to simulate and study chemical reactions with precision. Today's computer programs can model complex reactions involving up to 30 atoms, enabling chemists to devise new reactions.
A study found that 54 out of 57 bottled waters had fluoride levels below the recommended range, while all Cleveland tap water samples met or exceeded the optimal level. Bottled water also contained higher bacteria counts than tap water, with some samples having over 4,900 colonies per milliliter.
Hoffman's groundbreaking work led to the discovery of primordial plutonium and seaborgium, with a focus on symmetrical mass division in spontaneous fission. Her ongoing research continues to advance our understanding of nuclear chemistry and its applications.
Researchers have captured the first pictures of neurofilaments moving along nerve fibers using time-lapse photography, providing a rare glimpse into slow axonal transport. The study suggests that neurofilaments move quickly but infrequently, and may hold clues to understanding nerve malfunction in diseases like Lou Gehrig's.
Samuel Danishefsky has developed anti-cancer vaccines that stimulate the immune system to recognize and attack cancer cells. His research also explores laboratory versions of natural products with potential to combat cancer. Several vaccines are entering Phase II and III clinical trials to test their effectiveness.
Researchers create way to 'finger print' and monitor water absorption in clays, which could improve oil well drilling and construction site understanding. The technique uses X-ray scattering to analyze the distance between crystal layers in clay.
Certain long-chain alcohols can reverse ethanol's antiadhesive effects on nerve cells, suggesting potential medications to reduce the damaging effects of alcohol. The findings may lead to a better understanding and prevention of fetal alcohol syndrome and its related neurotoxic effects.
A new polymer-drug combination has inhibited the growth of ovarian cancer cell lines by up to 97% in two previous treatments. Researchers are now investigating the effects of varying metal combinations, hoping to find a more effective treatment for this deadly form of cancer.
Researchers have found extraterrestrial noble gasses encapsulated within fullerene molecules, providing a new tool for tracing extraterrestrial events. The discovery supports the theory that atmospheric gases and organic compounds were delivered to planets via asteroid and comet strikes.
Renowned scientist J. Craig Venter will discuss his work on decoding the human genome at the American Chemical Society meeting. He co-founded Celera Genomics to sequence the entire human genome by 2001 and is this year's honoree for the David Perlman Memorial Lectureship.
The Clinical Advantage program aims to reduce the gap between effective treatments and conventional care for heart attack patients. By implementing evidence-based techniques, hospitals hope to improve assessment, management, and discharge planning, resulting in better patient outcomes.
Dr. F. Ann Walker, a researcher on the kissing bug, will present her award-winning research on heme proteins and Chagas' disease at the American Chemical Society meeting. The study highlights the intersection of entomology, inorganic biochemistry, medicine, and anthropology.
Scientists discover a 1,800-year tidal cycle that matches recent climate change, suggesting a natural warming trend began a hundred years ago. The study suggests strong oceanic tides drive changes in climate by increasing vertical mixing, resulting in cooler climates and drought conditions.
A new study estimates that up to 9,000 community water wells in 31 states may be contaminated with methyl tert-butyl ether (MTBE) due to their proximity to leaking underground storage tanks. This could pose a risk to the approximately 90 million people who obtain drinking water from these wells.
Researchers found that a soil pathogen in temperate forests kills most black cherry seedlings within a few meters of their parent tree. This allows other species to take root and increase forest diversity. The study suggests microbial pathogens play a crucial role in shaping forest communities.
A recent study suggests that environmental factors play a significant role in the development of psychiatric disorders, alongside genetic factors. Research findings indicate that adversity and social determinants can contribute to the onset of conditions like post-traumatic stress disorder, depression, and antisocial personality disorder.
A recent Purdue University study discovered that parents' influence on their children's religious beliefs is largely shaped by verbal communication rather than actual practice. The research found that students who had open discussions with their parents about religious beliefs were more likely to accurately perceive their parents' views.
A systematic analysis of clinical trials on glucosamine and chondroitin sulfate for treating osteoarthritis has shown mixed results, with potential benefits for symptom relief but methodological flaws and biases. The study recommends additional rigorous independent studies to determine true efficacy and usefulness.
Researchers found that women caregivers experience significant emotional distress, which accumulates over time, but adapt physically to caregiving responsibilities, and physical limitations often stabilize after initial increases
Glaucoma is now understood as a neurodegenerative disease affecting the entire visual system, including brain cells. Researchers found that forty percent of nerve cells in both eye and brain are destroyed by the disease.
A team of researchers has discovered that hazelnuts contain the potent anticancer agent paclitaxel, which could reduce the cost of the commercial drug Taxol. The finding may also stimulate competition among drug manufacturers, leading to cheaper prices for cancer patients.
Historian Alan J. Rocke presents a symposium on the history of futurism in chemistry, exploring divergent visions of science in the year 2000. The event highlights the accuracy of 19th-century predictions about the 20th century and showcases the evolution of chemistry.
The American Physical Society's largest physics meeting will feature over 5000 speakers presenting on topics including nanotechnology, MEMS innovations, cancer detection, and cardiac disorders. Researchers will also discuss pseudoscience and superstition in science.
This special issue of the American Sociological Review explores broad social trends over the past century, discussing topics such as modernization, globalization, industrialization, and secularization. The article also delves into the sociology of the Black working class and the impact of Western society on religion.
The Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center will establish a new prostate cancer center with a $1.5 million grant from the Department of Defense. The center aims to investigate signals promoting and inhibiting cell growth in prostate cancer.
Researchers at UCSF Center for AIDS Prevention Studies are conducting a quality-of-life study to understand challenges faced by HIV-positive individuals. The Unity Project aims to examine the effects of one-on-one interventions on managing healthcare, disclosing status, and dealing with sexuality.
The IDEATel project aims to improve health and access to care for rural and inner-city residents with diabetes. The four-year grant will study the efficacy of telemedicine in enhancing patient quality-of-life and reducing healthcare costs.
Researchers have identified a new family of genes that encode proteins functioning as bitter taste receptors, providing crucial insight into the organization of the taste system. The study reveals that these receptors are expressed in cells that also express gustducin, a coupling protein critical for sending bitter signals to the brain.
A study published in the Journal of Applied Physiology reveals that a specific pathway controls the breakdown of proteins regulating muscle type. The ubiquitin/proteasome pathway determines which proteins are degraded, allowing for the switching of muscle type during exercise training or constant contraction.
Researchers found that a short-term drug regimen can reverse working memory loss in monkeys treated with antipsychotic medications. The study suggests improved treatment strategies for people with schizophrenia, Parkinson's disease, or age-related memory loss.
Scientists at Johns Hopkins have developed a novel approach for detecting cancer based on genetic mutations in mitochondrial DNA. The new test uses bodily fluids such as urine, saliva, and sputum to identify cancer-specific mutations.
Prof Hugh Possingham, a renowned population ecologist, has been awarded the inaugural Fenner Medal for his groundbreaking work in applied and pure theoretical ecology. His research has significantly impacted environmental conservation efforts in Australia and globally.
A UCSF study found that offering a small cash incentive to homeless adults improved their adherence rates for TB prevention therapy, compared to traditional methods. The research involved over 100 participants and found that those who received the monetary incentive completed treatment at nearly double the rate of others.
Scientists have discovered a new family of bitter taste receptors that can detect different forms of bitter and are found in the cells of taste buds. These receptors were found to be highly discriminative and appear to play a crucial role in an animal's survival.
Scientists have discovered a new fossil snake species, Haasiophis terrasanctus, with advanced anatomy similar to modern boas and pythons. The findings suggest that the evolution of limbs in snakes was more complex than previously thought, possibly representing an evolutionary reversal where advanced snakes regained hindlimbs.
The device uses tiny polymer and electrode films to control light transmission, protecting military equipment from disabling laser attacks. It also has potential consumer applications, such as programmable sunglasses and improved cameras.
A clinical trial of Enbrel in children with polyarticular juvenile rheumatoid arthritis found significant improvement in joint pain, stiffness, and inflammation. The drug was well-tolerated, with a 74% response rate among treated patients.
A new study reveals that North America does not absorb as much carbon dioxide as it emits, contradicting long-held assumptions. The research found that natural processes can only account for a small fraction of the released carbon dioxide, highlighting the complexity of climate change.
A new study found that lack of physical fitness is a significant factor in sports injuries among women, with female trainees experiencing twice as many injuries as men. The research also showed that women can improve their fitness levels rapidly and reduce injury risk through modified training programs.
Researchers aim to uncover molecular signatures of cancer initiation using gene expression profiles. They will compare genes in hereditary colon, breast, and kidney cancers with normal tissues to identify altered genes and target potential chemopreventive agents.
A study found that nearly 40% of people with access to walking trails used them, and over 55% of trail walkers increased their walking since beginning. Women were more than twice as likely as men to report increased activity due to trail use, while lower-income groups also saw a significant increase in physical activity.
The study found that public walking trails can increase exercise levels among adults, particularly women and those from lower socioeconomic groups. More than half of users reported increased walking since starting to use the trails.
A recent study of Army recruits revealed that smokers were 1.5 times more likely than nonsmokers to suffer fractures, sprains, and other physical injuries during an eight-week basic training program. The researchers also found that risk of injury increased for both women and men who smoked.
New research refutes claims that U.S. forests and vegetation are 'sequestering' enough carbon to offset fossil fuel emissions, suggesting at least 70-90% of emissions stay in atmosphere or be sequestered elsewhere. The study's findings have important implications for the role of the U.S. in combating global warming.
Researchers develop a new method for labeling cell surfaces with azide markers, which can target cancer therapy, medical implants, and viral-mediated gene transfer. The Staudinger ligation technique uses an electron-hungry carbohydrate trap to prevent instability in water, enabling stable amide bonds.
Researchers found that treated sleep apnea patients experienced no auto accidents over two years. A new biochemical marker for acute lung injury has been discovered, correlating with damage to epithelial cells in the lungs. This discovery may lead to future blood tests for the deadly condition.
Researchers have discovered retinal stem cells in adult mice, cows, and humans, which can proliferate and differentiate into new neurons when removed from the eye. The study suggests that these cells may be harnessed to regenerate and restore vision in damaged eyes.
A survey of 95 individuals with a parent or sibling diagnosed with colon cancer found strong interest in genetic testing for susceptibility to the disease. However, many fail to follow recommended screening guidelines, highlighting the need for targeted educational efforts and interventions.
Researchers found a strong link between westerly winds in the Pacific and hurricane formation in the Gulf of Mexico. The Madden-Julian Oscillation repeats every 30 to 60 days and correlates with increased hurricane activity four times more likely, giving officials advance warning.
A study found that volunteers' community activities, such as bingo nights and promotions, significantly increased mammography use among rural residents. The approach also led to increases in mammography among uninsured women and those without female physicians.
Research analyzing births in Malta and Western Europe from 1890 to 1995 found a strong association between lower birth rates for boys and colder climates. The study suggests that warmer climates favor the birth of boys, possibly due to temperature affecting fertility and sex ratios at birth.
Researchers found that biodiesel fuel reduced carbon monoxide and particulate matter emissions by 12-14% and 25%, respectively. The lower oxygen content of biodiesel also helped reduce hydrocarbon emissions.
Young women in Scotland are four times more likely to have a heart attack than those in the South of England, but survive at almost twice the rate. Ambulance response time may play a significant role in differences in mortality rates across UK regions.
A large US-based study found a distinct association between low-frequency electromagnetic field (EMF) exposure and increased suicide risk among electric utility workers. The study, published in Occupational and Environmental Medicine, suggests that EMF exposure may contribute to depression and suicidal behavior, particularly among youn...
A Saint Louis University School of Medicine Center for Vaccine Development study will focus on the effectiveness of diluted doses of Dryvax, a smallpox vaccine. The goal is to increase the available stock by up to 100 fold, which could improve the nation's ability to protect citizens in the event of a bioterrorism attack.