Researchers from Uppsala University developed new computer-based methods for Bayesian inference in evolutionary biology, enabling analysis of complex problems on ordinary desktop computers. The new methods can be applied to various fields, including species relationship reconstruction and molecular evolution studies.
A new study by Northeastern University finds that Massachusetts has seen an unprecedented increase in unemployment, with the state's rate rising to over 80% in just over a year. College-educated workers are disproportionately affected, with many facing layoffs in high-tech and engineering fields.
Scientists at IBM's Almaden Research Center performed the first demonstration of Shor's historic factoring algorithm, solving a simple version of the mathematical problem at the heart of many data-security systems. The team controlled a billion molecules in a test tube to become a seven-qubit quantum computer.
A study found that cardiac stress tests can identify patients at risk of restenosis after stent implantation, with those showing defects experiencing a higher rate of recurrence. The tests also confirmed the efficacy of angioplasty with stent implantation compared to balloon angioplasty.
Researchers have discovered that a specific cell surface molecule senses runaway inflammation and tissue damage, allowing the body to limit excessive inflammation. The study found that the adenosine receptor plays a central role in controlling inflammation, and its dysfunction may lead to impaired inflammation regulation.
Researchers have determined the three-dimensional structures of Eph and Ephrin proteins, which mediate bidirectional signaling between cells. This discovery holds promise for developing new cancer therapies by inhibiting or altering these protein interactions.
Researchers at HHMI used the threespine stickleback as a model to study genetic changes that define a species. They discovered that different chromosome regions control the development of different parts of the fish skeleton and found correlations between spine lengths and genetic variation.
Researchers from Cornell University and the University of Reading have given a new kind of precision to the timeline of the Bronze and Iron Ages in the Aegean and Near East. The study, published in Science, dates certain artifacts from around 740 B.C., placing an early appearance of the alphabet outside Phoenicia at this time.
Researchers at Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center discovered that single mismatches in DNA typing are well-tolerated by patients, increasing the chances of successful transplantation. This breakthrough enables patients to find suitable donors without a perfect match.
Researchers at Texas A&M University are refining a process using small gold clusters to improve materials, including textiles and antifreeze. This could lead to more efficient and environmentally superior production methods.
A study found that gasoline additives like MTBE can interfere with older breath-alcohol analyzers, but not newer models. This raises concerns about the accuracy of breath tests for people exposed to high levels of MTBE, such as workers in the gas station industry.
A recent study by UF researchers found that only three out of 64 children's books published since 1985 presented grandparents negatively, while at least one grandparent was actively involved with grandchildren in all the books. The study highlights the positive portrayal of grandparents in modern children's literature, showcasing their...
The 'Upwelled Iron Hypothesis' proposes that increased iron in the Southern Ocean during glacial periods came from deep ocean waters, which rose to the surface through upwelling. This input may have contributed to increased phytoplankton growth and subsequently altered the global carbon balance.
Researchers Levitt and Porter studied fatal two-car crashes to determine the percentage of people estimated to be driving drunk. Their findings show that drivers who had been drinking were seven times more likely to cause a fatal crash than sober drivers.
Researchers found that taking ibuprofen daily can reduce the effectiveness of low-dose aspirin in preventing heart attacks. This interaction occurs because ibuprofen blocks aspirin from binding to the COX-1 enzyme, which is essential for platelet clotting and heart protection.
Research suggests that trauma survivors often underestimate their sleep quality and overestimate their sleep time. Studies have found that with proper treatments like progressive muscle relaxation and stimulus control, traumatic memories can be left behind without impacting sleep., Timely treatment of sleep disorders may prevent PTSD o...
Researchers identified a genetic anomaly in mice resistant to the ecotropic murine leukemia virus, a major cancer-causing virus. By analyzing proteins, they found a defective protein that blocks viral entry, potentially leading to new gene therapies for humans.
A new study found that only a third of clothing items offer adequate protection against UV light, with many fabrics lacking even minimal levels of protection. The researchers suggest standardizing UV protection ratings for summer clothing to protect consumers from the damaging effects of UV light.
A recent study by the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill found that boating deaths are more closely tied to alcohol consumption than previously thought. The research, published in the Journal of the American Medical Association, analyzed data from over 3,900 boaters and 221 boat-related deaths between 1990 and 1998.
A study found that alcohol use significantly raises the risk of death for both passengers and operators on recreational boats. Drinking while on a boat impairs an individual's ability to rescue themselves, increasing the chances of drowning and hypothermia.
The study compared paroxetine, fluoxetine, and sertaline, the most commonly prescribed antidepressants in the US, finding they have similar effects on health-related quality of life measures. The medications, known as SSRIs, work similarly on neurotransmitter pathways to decrease depression symptoms.
Physicists at RHIC are investigating how gluons contribute to proton spin by colliding polarized protons. The experiment aims to tease apart the individual contributions of quarks and gluons to the proton's spin.
A study of nearly 10,000 participants aged 51-62 found that problem drinkers were 33% more likely to report limitations in work or home functions. Heavy drinking was also associated with increased disability incidence, especially among those without a prior problem drinking history.
The U.S. Navy is seeking non-toxic solutions to combat barnacle infestations, which cost billions of dollars annually due to drag on ship hulls. Researchers are exploring flexible and textured coatings that may repel or deter barnacles without harming marine organisms.
The article highlights three articles addressing hypertension control: managing diabetes, blood pressure-lowering drugs, and the DASH diet. Additionally, a study reveals gaps in newspaper articles on mammography, which often oversimplify or misrepresent scientific evidence.
Researchers will study the functions of beta-glucosidase and beta-galactosidase gene families in Arabidopsis, a small but useful model for understanding genetic processes. The goal is to determine the functions of approximately 25,000 genes, which can be extrapolated to other plants like wheat and soybeans.
A study published in Archives of Ophthalmology found that glaucoma affects approximately 0.5% of people aged 41-49 and up to 12% of those aged 80+, with women being disproportionately affected. The high prevalence among Mexican-Americans may be attributed to barriers such as cost of care and distrust of majority culture.
Scientists discovered a receptor tyrosine kinase in single-celled choanoflagellates, a group of protists with characteristics similar to those of multicellular animals. The finding provides strong support for the hypothesis that choanoflagellates are closely related to metazoans and may represent modern examples of animal ancestors.
Researchers have discovered a key cell communication gene in modern choanoflagellates, revealing that the genetic tools needed for multicellular animals were already present in single-celled microbes. This finding supports the idea that genes came before their exploitation by organisms.
Scientists create detailed computer simulations of brain neurons and their assemblies to understand how the brain computes. They're building VLSI chips that accurately model retinas and can produce output spikes matching real retinae, with potential applications in retinal implants.
Researchers have discovered a promising new target for cancer chemotherapy by blocking cell uptake of polyamines with a heparan sulfate inhibitor. This approach, combined with a well-known anti-parasitic drug, shows great promise in reducing tumor formation.
A survey of intensive care units found that many strategies to prevent deep vein thrombosis (DVT) were not being used, including support stockings and low molecular weight heparin. Physicians need more education on latest techniques to reduce DVT incidence, and fundamental research is needed to understand the condition.
A large-scale study shows that levalbuterol is more effective and produces fewer side effects than racemic albuterol in children. The new formulation contains only the biologically active right isomer of albuterol, making it a valuable alternative for pediatric patients.
A Virginia Tech researcher is working on a project to reduce the use of toxic solvents in polymers processing, replacing them with carbon dioxide. The goal is to decrease environmental contamination by 36 billion pounds of solvents used annually, offering cost and environmental benefits.
A study by Dr. Kathryn Moss and colleagues found that the EEOC has never been funded to thoroughly investigate discrimination complaints, resulting in inconsistent outcomes. The commission's limited resources lead to prioritization issues and variability in benefits among different offices.
Researchers studied the 1883 Krakatau eruption's tsunamis, identifying distinctive pumice deposits that provide clues to the source of volcanic material. The analysis helps scientists interpret coastal deposits in areas of active explosive volcanism and assess volcanic hazards.
Golden eagles colonized Santa Cruz Island due to an abundance of feral piglets, preying on island foxes and decimating their population. Skunk populations are booming as a result, thanks to reduced competition from foxes.
A global white paper on bacterial resistance in respiratory tract infections calls for concerted international action to tackle the growing threat of antibiotic-resistant bacteria. The initiative aims to implement robust surveillance, education, and patient involvement to control resistance.
Scientists at Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center have discovered a potential new treatment for cancer and sickle-cell anemia by inhibiting gene silencing. The compound, splitomicin, effectively blocks the silencing of genes critical for healthy growth and may also be effective against certain cancers.
Researchers are studying the small hairs on lobsters' antennules to capture odors at high resolution. By understanding how these hairs process information, scientists hope to create more efficient chemical-sensing systems for the Navy.
Researchers created a new database of acoustic measurements to help engineers build customized sound systems. The database aims to improve human-computer interaction by enabling spatial sound with accurate location and depth perception.
Researchers found that certain cancer drugs induce features of cellular aging, which can help stop the growth of cancer cells. The study suggests that some cancer treatments may have an unexpected side effect: causing premature aging in tumor cells.
Researchers developed a fast laboratory test to study and design new compounds blocking HIV molecular components before infection. The test accelerates the discovery process, allowing pharmaceutical companies to target the entire preintegration complex, a critical step in HIV replication.
A study led by Suppes is investigating whether supplementing bipolar patients' medications with acupuncture can help reduce medication use. The research aims to explore the potential benefits of acupuncture in treating depressive symptoms associated with bipolar disorder.
A recent NHLBI study found that the DASH diet and reducing dietary sodium can lower blood pressure in diverse populations, including those with hypertension, older adults, and younger individuals. The study's findings suggest that these lifestyle changes can benefit Americans of all ages, backgrounds, and health statuses.
The University of Pittsburgh will conduct a long-term study on the impact of alcohol use and abuse on aging veterans with and without HIV. The study, VACS 5, aims to identify health and quality of life effects of alcohol consumption among this population.
A study by Dr. Jan Storek found that long-term bone-marrow and stem-cell transplant survivors can live normal lives without frequent infections, with immunity recovering to normal within 20 years. The researchers also discovered that transplanted hematopoietic cells remain functional for at least 20-30 years.
Researchers at NIAID have successfully produced a malaria vaccine using transgenic mice that secrete the vaccine protein in their milk. The vaccine has shown promising results, with only one out of five immunized monkeys contracting the disease.
A recent study found that blood pressure-lowering drugs have varying effects on heart attacks and strokes. Researchers argue that existing testing methods may not accurately reflect a drug's true effectiveness.
Research suggests a link between genetic variation in the ADH2 gene and Fetal Alcohol Syndrome (FAS) prevalence. The study found that individuals with the ADH2*2 allele had a lower risk of FAS, suggesting potential protection against fetal alcohol exposure.
Golf putting study reveals that over-attending to well-learned skills can hinder performance, especially under pressure. The experiment shows that adapting to an environment where individuals focus on performance from the start of learning may provide immunity against 'choking'.
Research found moderate alcohol intake reduces risk of cognitive impairment in elderly individuals, particularly those consuming less than 40g daily. Conversely, high levels of alcohol consumption increase the risk of cognitive dysfunction.
Visuospatial abilities and working memory are strongly correlated with executive function, a central cognitive command and control. This finding ties these skills to general intelligence, suggesting that traditional IQ tests may overlook important aspects of human cognition. The study aims to contribute to more fair and comprehensive t...
Researchers used Longitudinal Data Analysis (LCA) to identify subgroups of adolescents with common patterns of symptoms, improving the accuracy of DSM-IV AUD diagnoses. The study found a one-year decrease in severity of alcohol-related problems after substance-abuse treatment.
A study published in Alcoholism: Clinical & Experimental Research found that the ADH2*3 allele may be associated with a lowered risk for developing alcoholism in young African American adults. The allele, which is prevalent among people of African descent, has been linked to faster and more efficient alcohol metabolism.
Researchers at Georgia Institute of Technology have developed the first storage ring to confine and guide ultra-cold neutral atoms in a circular path. The Nevatron ring marks a step toward creating atom fiber optics that could improve aircraft guidance systems and open new areas of study in basic physics.
Researchers at Thomas Jefferson University identified a possible link between APC gene mutation and colon cancer, suggesting survivin's role in preventing programmed cell death. The study found that abnormal regulation of survivin may contribute to the development of colon cancer by allowing stem cells to overpopulate.
A new extraction process, known as Universal Extractant (UNEX), has been developed to remove multiple radioactive elements from high-level nuclear waste in a single step. This process reduces the volume of waste by at least twentyfold, making it cheaper and safer to store.
The International Collaborative Genetics Research Training Program aims to reduce health disparities through genetic sciences. The program provides Ph.D. and Master's level education, addressing ethics, social, and legal implications of genetics research in low- & middle-income countries.
Recent research from San Francisco Veterans Affairs Medical Center suggests a closer connection between HIV and Alzheimer's disease. The study found that immune cell markers of AIDS dementia remain even after treatment with anti-retroviral drug cocktails, similar to those elevated in patients with Alzheimer's disease.