Researchers found upper airway sensory impairment in snorers and OSA patients, increasing the risk of obstructive breathing episodes. The study also showed partial reversibility of sensory changes with continuous positive airway pressure treatment.
The National Science Foundation has funded a study that sheds light on the soft tissue biology of dinosaurs, specifically their nasal structures. The research, led by Lawrence Witmer, provides clues to how air flowed and affected olfaction and heat exchange in these prehistoric creatures.
Researchers have designed and synthesized highly potent inhibitor compounds that could lead to an effective treatment for Alzheimer’s disease. The new inhibitors are substantially smaller, comparable in size to HIV protease inhibitor drugs, and still potent.
Researchers pinpointed the gene on chromosome 3 that causes myotonic muscular dystrophy Type 2 (DM2), a complex disease affecting multiple systems. The discovery allows for the immediate development of a genetic test and paves the way for a more complete understanding and treatment of this form of muscular dystrophy.
A prospective study reveals coeliac disease patients experience a substantial excess of deaths, particularly within the first three years after diagnosis and those with malabsorption symptoms. Early diagnosis is crucial to prevent mortality, as delay in diagnosis and poor treatment adherence can significantly worsen outcomes.
Scientists have found that between 700,000 to 2.7 million people die annually from malaria, with African children being the hardest hit. The disease also has significant economic implications, as countries with severe transmission experience slower growth rates than those with fewer infections.
Research by Lawrence Witmer reveals that many dinosaurs had large nasal passages, contrary to previous depictions. The study suggests that these passages were positioned closer to the mouths and farther from the eyes, which could have been important for heat exchange and other physiological processes.
Researchers propose integrating highly-active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) into existing tuberculosis-control infrastructure in less-developed countries. Directly-observed therapy has shown effectiveness in resource-poor settings with sustained commitment to uninterrupted care that is free to the patient.
Hyperion successfully navigated through rough terrain, including scree slopes and mud flats, covering a distance of 9.1 kilometers in an extended experiment. The technology has proven fundamental ideas for robotic explorers to operate at the poles of the moon or in polar regions of Mars.
Researchers have identified a gene that confers high levels of resistance in the tobacco budworm moth to genetically engineered crops with built-in insecticides. This discovery will enable farmers and government officials to take early steps to prevent uncontrollable outbreaks by detecting the early signs of pests evolving resistance.
Researchers at NYU Langone Health successfully immunized mice against Alzheimer's disease using a new vaccine that reduces amyloid plaque and soluble beta levels. The vaccine, modeled on a modified peptide, appears to be non-toxic and shows great promise for the treatment of Alzheimer's disease.
Researchers at the University of Maryland Biotechnology Institute have engineered rats to contain the genome of HIV-1, making them a valuable model for studying AIDS-related diseases. The rats develop clinical signs similar to those of AIDS in humans, including neurological abnormalities and organ damage.
A large-scale population study found that low cholesterol concentrations were associated with higher death rates among elderly people. The study, which analyzed data from over 3,500 men aged 71-93, suggested that long-term persistence of low cholesterol concentration increases the risk of death.
A new study reveals that dinosaurs' noses were positioned closer to the mouth than previously thought, offering insights into their respiratory system and evolutionary advantages.
A qualitative study of 32 people with HIV-1 or AIDS found that disintegration and loss of community are key factors driving desire for euthanasia and assisted suicide. The study suggests that clinicians must consider the complexity of patients' experiences when evaluating requests for physician-assisted suicide.
A new study in the journal Science found that dinosaurs' fleshy nostrils were typically positioned forward of their bony nose openings. This finding has implications for how dinosaurs breathed, smelled, and regulated body temperature and water loss, potentially providing clues to their adaptations to different environments.
A study found that a specific mutation in the human MDR1 gene affects P-glycoprotein expression, leading to decreased effectiveness of HIV-1 protease inhibitors in West Africans and African Americans compared to Caucasians. This could have significant implications for drug treatment in these populations.
Young adults experiencing nontraumatic chest pains may have cocaine use, researchers say. Effective treatments include nitroglycerin or calcium blockers for constricted blood vessels.
Researchers have developed a non-invasive optical technique to measure blood flow and oxygen consumption in the brain, allowing for simultaneous detection of both blood profusion and neural activity. This breakthrough could lead to new diagnostic, prognostic, and clinical applications.
A new nationwide study found that children of divorced parents showed more academic, psychological and behavioral problems a year before the divorce. The study also revealed that family dysfunction existed long before the marriage ended, with parents who would later divorce showing lower well-being in their children.
Researchers develop a technique to conjugate peptides to virus-like particles, generating high-titer antibodies that inhibit disease-causing cytokines. This approach shows promise in blocking or delaying onset of autoimmune diseases such as arthritis.
Researchers at University of Illinois dispute extensive trade theory for prehistoric society Cahokia, citing new evidence that local red flint clay was used instead of catlinite. The study uses a new mineral analyzer technique to identify the stone's mineral composition and find no connection between catlinite and the culture.
The discovery of 70 prehistoric stone ax heads at the Grossmann site near O’Fallon, Illinois, sheds new light on Cahokian society. The pristine ax heads, made from St. François basalt, suggest a possible connection to social status and wealth.
Scientists at the University of Illinois have devised a process called nanoparticle haloing that imparts stability to complex fluids, enabling control over phase behavior and structure. This approach allows for the creation of designer colloidal fluids with tailored properties.
A Mayo Clinic study found that overweight or obese patients had their first heart attacks at a younger age, with obese patients experiencing an average of 8.2-year gap compared to normal-weight patients. The study also revealed similar in-hospital outcomes among the three groups.
A new study published in Annals of Behavioral Medicine found that following a low-fat, high-fiber diet can lead to increased confidence and awareness of health and nutrition. Participants who adopted the eating plan reported no detrimental effects on taste, cost, or overall well-being.
A new therapy has been found to be effective in helping women overcome their concerns about gaining weight when quitting smoking. The study, published in Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, found that 21% of women who received therapy had completely quit smoking with no relapses.
Researchers applied game theory to assess the feasibility of a proposed national missile defense (NMD) system. They found that protection may be a placebo if widely believed to be effective, prompting a cautious approach to deployment. The study suggests focusing on research and development and exploring alternative credible alternatives.
Scientists propose sCD14 as a protective mechanism against LPS-mediated inflammation. Studies show that increasing sCD14 levels can neutralize LPS and reduce inflammatory cytokine secretion. The protein's role in sepsis treatment is still uncertain, but its discovery offers new hope for managing systemic effects of bacterial infections.
Researchers in London have found that high levels of neighborhood problems such as noise, unsafe areas, smells, fumes, and litter contribute significantly to levels of daily stress. These chronic stressors in urban neighborhoods can have important health effects, particularly for those living in lower socioeconomic status communities.
A recent study found that diabetes markedly raises the long-term death rate of people with heart attacks, especially women. The study followed 1,935 men and women hospitalized for a heart attack for an average of 3.7 years after their initial hospitalization.
A study of Southern law enforcement agents found that 44% store their loaded guns unlocked at home. Agents with children are more likely to use safer storage practices. The findings highlight the need for better firearm safety devices and emergency response measures for officers.
A recent study found that community activism has a positive impact on the lives of mentally ill homeless individuals. The research, which tracked over 2,500 participants in 18 US towns and cities, revealed that those living in areas with high levels of community engagement were more likely to achieve stable housing.
A new study found that positive screening questions forecasted future violence in nearly nine times more likely to be victims of domestic violence. Women at highest risk were those who screened positive and recently separated from their spouse.
Scientists have successfully observed an optical coronal line from iron ions in a star called CN Leonis, located 8 light-years away. This achievement marks the first time such a detection has been made outside of our solar system and opens up new avenues for studying stellar cycles.
A five-year research project investigates the quality of life of older adult long-term cancer survivors, revealing that while cancer can affect their identity and relationships, it does not fundamentally change who they are. Many survivors report positive family dynamics and hope for the future after treatment.
A large clinical trial found exercise improves emotional health in frail elderly adults by increasing self-efficacy and sense of mastery. However, improvements were modest in size and did not affect physical health parameters such as gait speed.
Researchers at University of Illinois developed a new microchannel heat exchanger design to improve ammonia refrigerant efficiency. The new system significantly reduces refrigerant charge while increasing heat transfer capability.
A program called Operation Stop Cough reduced illness rates by 45% among Navy recruits who were ordered to wash their hands frequently. Handwashing may be especially valuable during the respiratory disease season, as it can prevent less virulent illnesses and mitigate outbreaks.
A new study published in the Journal of Animal Science reveals that early weaning and high-energy diets can produce higher-quality beef with increased marbling and reduced waste fat. This approach may help cattle producers achieve consumer demand for leaner beef while reducing feed costs.
A new imaging method developed at Ohio State University uses computerized analysis of magnetic resonance images to detect blurred regions that may indicate cancer. This method could significantly reduce the number of painful biopsies women undergo, with a recent study showing nearly 100% accuracy in detecting these regions.
A recent study by Dr. Tamera Coyne-Beasley found that 59% of surveyed law enforcement officers stored firearms unlocked, while 68% kept their guns loaded. The researchers called for mandatory safety training and stricter firearm storage laws to address the issue.
A new study finds that a behavioral intervention program significantly reduces the incidence of risky sex behavior and transmission of HIV among HIV-positive men and women. The program, which included lessons on coping with HIV-related stress and promoting safer sex practices, led to increased condom use and reduced transmission rates.
Researchers found GLUT4 inserted into plasma membranes at regions of membrane ruffling. High insulin and glucose levels impede this process, suggesting a novel explanation for muscle glucose homeostasis loss in diabetes. This study provides insight into the role of membrane-cytoskeletal interactions in regulating glucose uptake.
A UB study found that Mexican Americans who primarily speak Spanish and are less 'Americanized' are significantly less active during leisure time. This disparity is associated with acculturation, which affects physical activity habits.
A nearly complete long-necked sauropod dinosaur was recently unearthed in Madagascar, providing the first comprehensive view of a titanosaur skull. The discovery, announced by NSF-funded scientists, confirms a close relationship between titanosaurs and brachiosaurs, revolutionizing our understanding of Mesozoic reptiles.
A new study found that patients with public health insurance are more likely to die from a heart attack than those with private insurance, highlighting an inequity in medical care delivery. The study also suggests that patients with inferior insurance status may have more advanced disease and experience poorer outcomes.
A study of 44 North Carolina farmworkers found that 65 occurrences of green tobacco sickness, including nausea and dizziness, were reported over a 10-week period. The researchers believe the actual prevalence may be higher due to non-participating workers.
A brief non-confrontational intervention program significantly reduced alcohol-related problems among high-risk college-age drinkers, with 43% of participants dropping out of the high-risk category. The program showed long-lasting effects over four years.
Researchers discovered a link between plant hormone auxin and stress response, mediated by the BIG protein. The study also found that IP3 acts as a second messenger in plant cell signaling.
The Southern Highlands region of Tanzania is facing significant biodiversity loss due to widespread harvesting of African orchids. The Wildlife Conservation Society is working to establish a national park in the region to protect the area's floral significance and prevent further depletion of the species.
Researchers at the University of Florida found that undercharged air conditioners use more electricity, leading to increased energy bills. They estimate that consumers can recover the cost of charging their systems in three months by simply topping off the charge.
Research found that heavy rainfall precedes most waterborne disease outbreaks in the US, with extreme precipitation levels increasing outbreak risk. The study analyzed data from 1948-1994 and found a significant association between precipitation and waterborne disease outbreaks.
Researchers have developed a mouse model that can be infected with the hepatitis C virus, allowing them to test new therapies and study viral replication. This breakthrough could lead to the development of a cure for the disease, which affects an estimated 175 million people worldwide.
A new movie from NASA's Near Earth Asteroid Rendezvous (NEAR) mission showcases the final moments of the NEAR Shoemaker spacecraft's yearlong orbit at asteroid 433 Eros. The minute-long video, produced by imaging team member Mark Robinson, offers a close-up view of the asteroid's varied terrain and features.
A clinical study of 800 people with Long QT Syndrome found that an individual's own characteristics and electrocardiogram findings are the major determinants of risk for sudden death. This challenges the long-held assumption that family history plays a role in determining the risk.
Researchers used genetic tools to create mouse models of gliomas, revealing that the timing of PDGF expression can determine glioma characteristics. These findings suggest that drugs promoting glial cell differentiation may be effective for low-grade gliomas.
A UCSF study of 1219 women found that 44.3% opposed mandatory reporting of domestic violence, with those who were young, non-white, and non-English speakers more likely to oppose it. The study suggests policy makers consider developing IPV reporting policies that balance patient autonomy with protection from abuse.
A longitudinal study of Bosnian refugees found that those who experienced mass violence and torture continue to suffer from depression and posttraumatic stress disorder. The study highlights the importance of long-term mental health initiatives for recovery efforts, especially for elderly and disabled individuals.
Researchers examine how personality, culture, and group dynamics influence behavior and health outcomes in isolated environments. They also investigate the risks of space radiation exposure on astronauts' bodies, aiming to identify traits that maximize crew functioning and reduce individual and group problems.