A study found that teachers who used color-coded labels to organize students were more likely to create stereotypes among students. However, when teachers ignored these labels, children developed fewer intergroup biases, suggesting that social environment plays a crucial role in shaping prejudice.
A study by Dr. Keith Berend found that fly fishermen experience lower back pain, hand and wrist pain, shoulder and knee pain, and elbow pain due to repetitive arm motions and standing for long periods. Improper casting techniques and carrying heavy gear can exacerbate these issues.
Campers receive controlled dietary intake of calcium, allowing researchers to track bone density changes and determine optimal levels. The goal is to establish guidelines that will help slow bone density decline after middle age.
The Institute for Genomic Research (TIGR) has completed the genome sequence of Streptococcus pneumoniae, a bacterium that causes serious infections such as pneumonia, meningitis, and otitis media. The study provides valuable insights into the bacterium's virulence factors and potential drug targets.
The book examines key issues in dietary supplements, including shelf life testing, regulatory implications, and standardizing botanical extracts. Experts address the need for critical pre-purchase research to protect consumers from potentially dangerous or ineffective products.
A team of Rutgers astronomers has detected a galaxy without a supermassive black hole at its center, marking the first such discovery. The team used Hubble's high-resolution instruments to observe the galaxy M33 and concluded that only a black hole smaller than 3,000 solar masses could be present.
Researchers have discovered a way to link specific microbes to the oxidation of methane in anoxic marine sediments using molecular and stable isotope techniques. This partnership between archaea and sulfate-reducing bacteria extracts energy from methane, removing nearly 80% of the methane in marine sediments.
Researchers at University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill School of Medicine believe they have solved a key part of the cystic fibrosis puzzle by finding that there's too little salt in patients' lungs. Long-lasting treatments may be needed to reverse the disease and improve symptoms.
Researchers used voxel-compression mapping to identify early structural brain changes in individuals with preclinical Alzheimer's disease. The study found that progressive atrophy began 3 years or more before symptom onset, suggesting a presymptomatic phase of increased tissue loss.
A new case of resistance to the antibiotic linezolid has been reported in a patient with MRSA infection, highlighting the need for clinical laboratories to perform susceptibility tests. The finding is rare and has occurred after limited use of the drug, emphasizing the importance of monitoring its effectiveness.
Researchers developed a highly sensitive immunoblot method to detect PrPSc in vCJD tissues, revealing its presence in lymphoid tissues and high concentrations in tonsil. The findings suggest new models for risk-management and highlight the need for further investigation into peripheral tissue transmission.
New estimates suggest that Earth's temperature could rise between 1.7 and 4.9 degrees Celsius over the next 100 years, with a 90% likelihood of warming within this range. The likelihood of more extreme warming scenarios is low, but still poses significant risks to society if not addressed through climate control measures.
Research by Mrs Philippa Hankinson of the University of Surrey Roehampton finds that charity branding is crucial for attracting voluntary donations. High brand-orientated fundraisers generate more income than their low-brand peers, while medium and high-branded fundraisers exert more influence in their organisations.
The complete genome of pneumococcus has been sequenced, revealing its genetic makeup and potential applications in treating the bacterium. The newly released genome contains 2,326 sequenced genes, providing a comprehensive model for researchers to study its virulence and develop new therapies.
A study found that miniature chest radiography is the most effective way to detect active tuberculosis in jails due to its efficiency and low radiation dose. This method can identify 200 cases per 100,000 inmates or higher, significantly higher than the general U.S. population rate of 6.8 cases per 100,000 persons.
A research team at Penn State discovered that consortia of bacteria and archaeobacteria consume up to 80% of marine methane, a potent greenhouse gas. The findings indicate that these microorganisms play a crucial role in regulating the Earth's climate.
HIV-infected individuals taking antiretroviral therapy experience changes in fat distribution, cholesterol, and glucose metabolism, leading to anxiety-provoking body shape changes. Dr. Kingsley's proposed definition guides diagnosis and monitoring of HIV-associated lipodystrophy syndrome.
A UK government road safety programme could actually increase the number of teenagers who die on roads in the UK. Driver education programmes in schools and colleges may lead to earlier licensing and more drivers on the road, increasing road deaths.
Researchers found that minor mutations can significantly impair the immune system's ability to recognize and attack the virus. This means that vaccines targeting these regions may be less effective due to evolving strains of the virus.
A three-year comparative case study found that UK banks stayed away from the market, while others like Citibank entered with enthusiasm. The British absence can be attributed to a lack of cultural ties with CEE and insufficient capital strength.
Researchers have developed a new HIV vaccine that provides full protection against vaginal transmission of an HIV-like virus. The vaccine combines elements of the successful Sabin oral poliovirus vaccine with genetic fragments of the AIDS virus, triggering a robust immune response.
The study found that the cost of trichiasis surgery is a significant barrier for patients in The Gambia. Offering surgery at local health centers instead of regional clinics can significantly increase patient willingness to undergo treatment.
Researchers identified imperfections' preferred location on twin grain boundaries, leading to new strategies to control material properties. Grain size plays a role only when plastic deformation begins, with little effect afterwards.
Digital organisms created using Avida software are used to study the effect of high mutation rates on evolution. The researchers found that a trade-off exists between producing offspring quickly and making them more robust to mutations, suggesting that slower reproduction may be beneficial for survival in highly turbulent environments.
A recent court decision requiring all North Carolina speech-language pathologists to hold a master's degree may lead to a 13% workforce loss in the state's public school system. The shortage could exacerbate caseloads, particularly for students with autism and growing demands for early intervention services.
A recent study found that heating fluorinated polymers in a frying pan releases toxic chemicals, including ozone-destroying chlorofluorocarbons. The long-term environmental impact of these persistent compounds is still unknown.
Researchers studied Naples Yellow samples from historical paintings and identified differences in physical structures using X-ray and synchrotron diffraction studies. This technique can help narrow down the origins of unidentified artworks and potentially verify their pedigrees.
Researchers have identified a rare human disorder linked to aquaporin-1 protein deficiency, which affects the ability to concentrate urine and maintain healthy water levels. The finding may help doctors develop new treatments for diseases like diabetes insipidus, which causes frequent urination and emaciation.
Patients with lung cancer who undergo lung resection surgery at high-volume hospitals experience significantly better outcomes, including higher five-year survival rates (44%) compared to low-volume hospitals (33%). Complication rates are also reduced in high-volume facilities.
Researchers propose individualized risk-benefit assessment to determine treatment for illicit drug-using patients. They argue that withholding treatment is unfair and ineffective, citing success stories from AIDS treatment.
STI rates have soared since the 1990s, with HIV infection remaining high. In contrast, the 1980s saw significant declines in HIV transmission and bacterial infections when targeted awareness campaigns were implemented, highlighting the need for new campaigns to tackle these trends.
Researchers discover a new form of matter, called BEC, which can collapse and explode when cooled to near absolute zero. The new phenomenon, dubbed a Bosenova, involves the sudden transition from repulsive to attractive interactions between atoms.
Researchers tested four viruses to transport genetic material into defective eyes of 18-day-old rats. Adenovirus proved the most effective vector, targeting specific tissues and preventing disordered blood vessel growth. Early-stage research suggests a potential breakthrough in treating retinopathy of prematurity with gene therapy.
A study found that high polyunsaturated fat consumption increases the risk of asthma in pre-school children, with a diet rich in omega-6 fatty acids promoting inflammation. Conversely, breastfeeding and having older siblings may offer protection against asthma.
Dr. Ingo Potrykus is being recognized for his research on genetic engineering technology and its applications to crop plants like rice, wheat, sorghum, and cassava. His work has the potential to address Vitamin A deficiencies in developing nations and improve food security.
A study reformulates a common anti-depressive medication of the nineteenth century, revealing that it would have delivered a daily dose of mercury exceeding current safety standards. Mercury poisoning may have explained Lincoln's neurological symptoms, including insomnia and rage attacks, but also contributed to his famous composure.
Rutgers is launching a National Program of Excellence in Biomedical Computing to study the biology of transcription and gene expression. The program aims to understand the molecular mechanisms that govern gene expression, which is crucial for solving pressing human health problems such as cancer and infectious diseases.
CSIRO scientists have discovered a long line of viruses emerging from the Hendra virus family, including 15 new paramyxoviruses in animal hosts worldwide. The Australian Animal Health Laboratory holds a collection of all major newly discovered paramyxoviruses.
A public-private partnership has been launched to combat osteoarthritis, a chronic disease affecting millions of Americans. The Osteoarthritis Initiative will provide critical funding and resources for clinical research centers to establish natural history databases and biospecimen repositories.
Dr Vute Sirivivatnanon has won the Mohan Malhotra Award for his work in turning industrial waste into a useful component of concrete. His research resulted in the development of High Slag cement concrete, High Volume Fly Ash concrete and Silica Fume concrete being used in high-profile construction projects.
The Scripps Institution of Oceanography has developed a groundbreaking wildfire forecast for the western United States, using statistical methods to predict fire seasons and fuel availability. The 2001 forecast suggests a much milder wildfire season compared to 2000, which burned over 7 million acres and caused $1.6 billion in damage.
The Texas General Land Office and Texas A extM University are loaning the Navy two state-of-the-art buoys to monitor ocean currents and temperatures during the Ehime Maru salvage effort in the Pacific Ocean. The buoys will provide real-time data to support decision-making on how work should progress.
Researchers at Texas A&M University are developing instruments to measure aerosol pollution's impact on climate. The devices will study aerosols' interaction with light, absorption of sunlight, and their effect on cloud formation.
A recent study found significant discrepancies between spouses' reports on birth control methods. The research analyzed data from 23 countries and revealed that couples who had discussed family planning or where the wife had higher education levels were more likely to concur on the contraceptive method. However, concurrence was lower a...
Researchers found that ACE inhibitors slowed kidney disease progression, especially for patients with proteinuria. The medications were beneficial for kidney patients and should be given to most patients with kidney disease.
Dr. Tramont takes helm of DAIDS, a successful program critical to understanding HIV causes and creating antiretroviral drugs, with a focus on building on its legacy
Scientists have identified several proteins that can block myostatin activity, leading to increased muscle growth in mice. The study suggests that these proteins may be effective muscle-enhancing agents for both human and agricultural applications.
Researchers have identified a potential link between the apoE4 protein and the formation of neurofibrillary tangles, a hallmark of Alzheimer's disease. The study suggests that apoE4 may disrupt brain cell interactions and lead to the degeneration of neurons in this disease.
A new DNA test developed by researchers at Indiana University uses quantum dots to quickly and accurately analyze large numbers of genes. The test can identify up to 40,000 different genetic codes in just 10 minutes, making it a game-changer for medical diagnosis and research.
Research suggests that parents who are both firm and allow for some autonomy have a lower degree of conflict and avoid problem teenagers. Delinquency at age 12 or 13 is widespread, with smoking and drinking linked to increased delinquent acts.
Scientists have observed a sudden shift in Mars' atmosphere, with temperatures increasing by about 30 degrees Centigrade, due to a massive dust storm. This phenomenon is similar to Earth's global warming, but much more extreme and potentially leading to a significant cooling of the planet.
Researchers have found that both smells and pheromones can arouse instinctive behaviors in mammals, including humans. This is achieved through the detection of odorants by the vomeronasal organ (VNO) and the olfactory epithelium (OE), with pheromone signals directly influencing mid-brain areas controlling behavior and hormonal responses.
A new study suggests that setting aggressive deadlines can eliminate shortcut-taking and improve product quality. By separating estimates of task duration from deadlines, developers are motivated to stay focused and accurate in their work.
Scientists at Massachusetts General Hospital discovered how smoking leads to premature ovarian failure by identifying a mechanism triggered by polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in tobacco smoke. The findings support the hypothesis that PAH-induced egg cell death contributes to early menopause in women smokers.
A study of 170 pregnant women in treatment for drug dependency found that those with co-occurring alcohol problems have more severe psychological issues, including depression and anxiety. The findings highlight the need for universal screening and tailored treatment approaches to address these women's unique needs.
New research reveals that introverted firefighters are more likely to experience higher injury rates due to reluctance to call for assistance. The study also found that ignoring safety rules can lead to severe injuries and delayed recovery from work-related injuries, especially for married female firefighters. Additionally, chronic noi...
Research confirms that nicotine reduces peak blood alcohol concentrations, leading to increased consumption of alcohol to achieve intoxication. This interaction can result in adverse effects on the liver, heart, and brain.
Research finds a link between family history of alcoholism, serotonin variation, and behavioral problems in children. Children with a genetic variant associated with increased serotonin reuptake are more likely to exhibit impulsivity, depression, and anxiety.
Scientists at Cedars-Sinai Medical Center used gene array technology to analyze thousands of genes in malignant brain tumor samples. They identified a critical step in the development of glioblastoma multiforme, which may improve patient prognosis and lead to effective therapies.
Children prenatally exposed to alcohol demonstrate significant social and adaptive behavior deficits, but similar deficits are found in clinically referred children with no prenatal exposure. As prenatally exposed children age, their social difficulties become more pronounced, highlighting the importance of addressing these issues.