Researchers developed a decision tree combining cause of injury with physical signs and symptoms to determine the appropriate type and level of care for children. The new triage tool aims to reduce under-triage in pediatric motor vehicle crashes, resulting in better outcomes.
Researchers found laboratory testing combined with physical exams significantly helps identify internal abdominal injuries in children. Missed abdominal injuries are a major cause of preventable death and disability.
A new study found that nearly a quarter of head and neck cancer patients continue to smoke, scoring lower on quality of life measures. Depression was also prevalent among these patients, with both smoking and depression associated with significantly poorer quality of life.
The study found that the c-Myc protein has a key cancer-preventing mechanism, causing cell death, but also triggers the growth of invasive tumors when another oncoprotein is activated. Suppressing this mechanism can lead to rapid tumor regression and collapse of blood vessels.
Researchers found that bone marrow stem cells naturally migrate to injured brain regions after a stroke to aid in tissue repair. These cells can form new neurons and blood vessels, potentially enhancing recovery from stroke-related damage.
A new study by sociologists found that teenage boys' sex rates dropped 8.5% between 1991 and 1997, while teen pregnancy rates fell 14%. The decrease was largely attributed to fewer boys having sex during this period.
Scientists have created a novel approach to deliver medication through implanted medical devices using electrical currents, which could lead to improved chemotherapy treatments and enhanced patient quality of life.
A new study has found that heavy drinkers are at a higher risk of bleeding stroke, with hypertension and genetic factors also contributing to the condition. The research, conducted by the University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, involved 107 individuals with subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) and 197 without stroke.
A study published in Science identifies guggulipid as a target for developing drugs to lower cholesterol. The extract, combined with a cholesterol-lowering diet, reduced cholesterol levels by up to 20%. Researchers are now studying the biochemical reasons behind this effect and its potential impact on other medications.
A study suggests that the global extinction crisis is more severe than previously thought, with over 50% of declining mammal species losing historic ranges. Population extinctions are concentrated in densely populated areas, such as Southeast Asia and Eastern states.
A recent study by Penn State researchers found that urban forest fires have led to increased tree density of specific species in New York City's undeveloped parklands. In contrast, an old-growth urban forest in Cleveland, Ohio, has remained stable with no history of forest fires since 1935.
In southern Africa, measles elimination strategies reduced reported clinical cases from 60,000 to 117 cases between 1996 and 2000. With overall vaccination coverage of 91%, continued national commitment is crucial for implementation and maintenance of proven strategies.
The American Cancer Society has awarded a $768,000 grant to Dr. Gloria Borgstahl to study the molecular processes that cause breast cancer. She is conducting related experiments on the International Space Station to understand how good cells turn bad and develop new treatments for the disease.
Researchers found that the leprosy bug attaches to Schwann cells, disrupting the myelin sheath and causing nerve damage. This discovery may provide insights into early molecular events of neurodegeneration processes in diseases like multiple sclerosis.
A study of 355 patients with severe Crohn's disease found that infliximab treatment every two months significantly increased remission rates compared to placebo. Infliximab also allowed patients to taper off steroids and maintain clinical remissions.
The EMBO Award for Communication in the Life Sciences promotes active research and public outreach by recognizing innovative science communication. The award is given annually to a winning application that showcases imaginative and original works across various media forms.
Albert Szent-Györgyi was awarded the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine for his discovery of vitamin C and its extraction from paprika. He pioneered studies on biological oxidation mechanisms, leading to significant advances in biochemical understanding.
Researchers found that showering increased THM levels in blood by a factor of four, suggesting the compounds are getting into the bloodstream through water use. The study investigated THM concentrations in women's blood before and after showering, revealing correlations with local tap water quality.
Researchers have found that highly connected proteins are unlikely to interact with each other, a phenomenon that helps reduce interference and increase stability in protein networks. This discovery was made possible by computer modeling of protein interactions in yeast cells, which revealed an
A systematic review found pentoxifylline to be around 50% more effective than placebo in treating venous leg ulcers. The drug's addition to standard compression therapy showed a 30% increase in complete healing rates.
Researchers examine the evolution of collaboration, from World War I to modern-day global partnerships, highlighting its benefits and impact on scientific productivity. The study also delves into how emerging technologies like email and the Internet have revolutionized research collaboration, making it more diverse and effective.
Research finds that infants with flow limitation in breathing may be more likely to develop asthma, while rhinovirus infection increases disease severity in acute bronchiolitis, and exercise can be safely done by women with sickle cell anemia
Aerosols from pollution particles reduce ice crystal sizes in thunderstorms, leading to less precipitation over land. Aerosol levels are highest over Northern Africa, with smaller ice crystals found in clouds above the eastern Pacific and southern Indian Oceans.
Researchers propose a new test for diagnosing malignant hyperthermia by measuring carbon dioxide pressure after caffeine injection, showing increased CO2 levels in susceptible individuals. Further testing is needed to define sensitivity and specificity of the test before it can be used for diagnosis.
A German study on mice found that genetic variations in a key stress-response gene may contribute to excessive alcohol consumption under stressful conditions. The researchers identified a specific receptor, CRH1, which is associated with increased alcohol intake in stressed mice, suggesting potential targets for preventing relapse.
Research found that consuming at least 300mcg of folate per day reduces stroke and cardiovascular disease risk. Folate, a B-vitamin, is found in citrus fruits, leafy greens, beans, and grain products.
The report counters common views on uncontrolled immigration, citing improved information and matching migrants with employer needs. It suggests an auction-based system for migration permits to better match skills and demands.
Researchers have discovered a genetic environment behind nerve-tissue tumors that lead to cancer, specifically NF-1. The study found that tumors grow in a permissive environment but are nonexistent when the environment is restrictive, offering new hope for treatment approaches.
Researchers at Johns Hopkins Medicine have made a breakthrough discovery in understanding how we hear, revealing that tiny 'hair cells' release a barrage of chemical packets to an adjacent nerve when sound is detected. This finding could improve the design and programming of hearing aids and cochlear implants.
The project focuses on fundamental breakthroughs in nanostructured macromolecular materials, with potential applications in military uniforms, miniaturized machines, displays, sensors, and actuators. Branched macromolecules will be studied to provide information for the development of high-tech surfaces and structures.
A five-year study demonstrated Xalatan's efficacy in managing open-angle glaucoma by reducing intraocular pressure (IOP) sustainably. The treatment was well-tolerated, controlling IOP without surgery in 72% of patients.
A 125-million-year-old fossilized plant has provided clues about the evolution of modern flowering plants, which are the dominant vegetation on Earth. The discovery, made in northeast China, shows that flowering plants may have originated underwater before transitioning to land.
Imatinib mesylate, a drug used to treat leukemia, has shown remarkable success in reducing eosinophil levels in people with hypereosinophilic syndrome (HES), a difficult-to-treat inflammatory disease. Four of five patients studied experienced complete elimination of symptoms.
Researchers discovered that guggulsterone blocks the FXR receptor, regulating cholesterol metabolism. The study suggests that guggulsterone could lead to new drugs to control cholesterol levels and potentially treat hyperlipidemia.
DNA molecules are pulled into a dense array of pillars by an electric field and then recoil back into the open space due to entropic forces. The researchers estimate the minimum entropic force at 5.7 femtoNewtons, suggesting this method could be used to separate molecules by length.
A recent study by the Southwest Oncology Group found that long-term treatment with prednisone after initial chemotherapy response significantly prolonged patient survival and delayed disease progression in those with multiple myeloma. Patients receiving higher doses of prednisone lived up to 37 months longer than those on lower doses.
A multi-center research team found that infliximab prolonged remissions in moderate to severe Crohn's disease patients by twice as long at bi-monthly infusions compared to every eight weeks. The drug also helped patients reduce steroid use and improve quality of life.
Scientists at Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute have created a breakthrough method for producing long, hair-like strands of carbon nanotubes up to 20 centimeters in length. This simplified approach uses chemical vapor deposition (CVD) with a sulfur-containing compound and hydrogen, resulting in high yields of long strands.
Scientists have identified a mechanism by which neutrophils can neutralize disease-causing bacteria like Shigella and Salmonella. Elastase, an enzyme produced by neutrophils, destroys virulent proteins in bacteria, allowing for the mobilization of other defenses that can destroy the bacteria.
A study found that depressed patients who responded to a placebo treatment showed similar brain changes as those who received an antidepressant, but with additional changes in the brainstem and hippocampus. The researchers suggest that these changes may be necessary for long-term recovery.
A survey of nearly 2,500 employed people in Britain found that employees express declining loyalty to their organisations, working harder and longer. However, a growing proportion of the workforce needs advanced information technology skills, with most occupational groups indicating these skills are essential for their work.
A new study reveals that two-thirds of the nation's 2.3 million child care workers lack college training, highlighting the need for a massive national investment to train millions of caregivers. The study also found that early learning is crucial and requires qualified caregivers for toddlers aged 18-36 months.
A study of older brother/sister twin pairs found that men and women had similar numbers of illnesses, with the exception of very life-threatening conditions. Women reported more total health problems and physical symptoms, while men had more cardiovascular conditions.
A team of researchers found that both placebo and antidepressant responders showed increased activity in the cortex, accompanied by decreased activity in limbic regions. Patients who responded to fluoxetine also experienced unique changes in lower brain areas thought to confer additional advantage in sustaining the response.
Researchers identified the AGPAT2 gene as the cause of congenital generalized lipodystrophy, a rare disorder characterized by extreme lack of body fat at birth. The disorder leads to severe diabetes, insulin resistance, and metabolic complications in affected individuals.
A study published in Nature Medicine found that mice without a functional vitamin C transporter gene died shortly after birth due to severe health problems. The research suggests that vitamin C plays a crucial role in fetal lung development, which could have implications for premature infants and pregnant women.
A UCSF study shows that 80% of patients taking etanercept experience significant relief from ankylosing spondylitis symptoms. The drug reduces spinal inflammation and slows disease progression, offering a new therapeutic option for the chronic inflammatory arthritis.
A landmark study published in Nature reveals that deaf and hearing adults who experienced language in early life perform similarly well in learning a new language later in life. Deaf adults with little language experience show low levels of performance, whereas those with early experience demonstrate high proficiency.
A Scripps research study uses remote imaging techniques to accurately measure breaking waves, providing insights into ocean currents, heat transfer, and aerosol production. The findings will inform two new projects aiming to understand hurricane dynamics and thermodynamics.
Researchers have developed a tungsten photonic lattice that can convert most of the wasted infrared energy into visible light, increasing the efficiency of incandescent bulbs from 5% to over 60%. This innovation has the potential to significantly reduce energy consumption and environmental damage caused by inefficient lighting.
A recent study found that rats fed a diet rich in black raspberries had 80 percent fewer malignant tumors compared to those without berries. The antioxidants in black raspberries, such as anthocyanins and phenols, were also shown to have a significant impact on reducing tumor size and oxidative damage.
Researchers at UT Southwestern Medical Center found that taking drug breaks during HIV treatment can lead to increased infections of CD4 cells, hastening their destruction and disease progression. This can ultimately give rise to full-blown AIDS, highlighting the importance of ongoing antiviral therapy.
Researchers create atomic soliton trains with up to 15 bundles of waves that maintain a constant shape as they propagate without spreading. The techniques developed could lead to extremely precise measurements and new forms of atom lasers.
The Kansas State University-led consortium aims to develop carbon sequestration strategies for U.S. agriculture, reducing greenhouse gas accumulation. The project will provide tools and information for farmers to implement soil carbon sequestration programs, improving the nation's farmlands and agricultural economy.
Researchers found that elevated troponin I levels may predict future heart failure in cancer patients, even if the heart appears to be functioning normally. ACE inhibitors have shown promise in restoring cardiac function and preventing cardiotoxicity in breast cancer patients treated with anthracyclines.
Researchers found that HIV preferentially infects HIV-specific CD4+ T cells, which are essential for directing the immune system's response to pathogens. This phenomenon highlights the vulnerability of these cells to viral infection and suggests ways to design a more effective HIV vaccine.
The new NE-CAT resource will provide urgently needed access to synchrotron radiation for probing biomolecular structures. This will lead to a deeper understanding of how proteins function and interact, ultimately informing the design of new therapeutics for human disease.
Researchers at Rice University have successfully created atomic solitons, a type of 'atom wave' that can propagate without dispersing, in a narrow beam of light. This breakthrough has potential applications in ultra-high speed optical communication networks and extremely precise measurements using atom lasers.
A NIH-funded study found that family-based interventions can save an average of $119,633 in avoided costs for society per case prevented. The Iowa Strengthening Families Program and Preparing for the Drug Free Years intervention programs were effective in reducing adolescent alcohol use.
Researchers analyzed muscle biopsies from patients with polymyositis and sarcoid myopathy to identify key cell surface receptors involved in T-cell adhesion and migration. The study used MelTec's MELK technology to map protein networks in whole, intact cells, providing new insights into disease mechanisms.