Remember your first kiss?
A Canadian study found that older adults tend to remember general facts about life events, while younger adults focus on specific details. The findings may relate to subtle brain differences associated with aging.
Science News Archive November 2002
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New stem cell maintenance protein found
Researchers discovered a novel gene, nucleostemin, crucial for maintaining stem cells' proliferative capacity. Its expression is linked to self-renewal and proliferation in both embryonic and adult stem cells, as well as some human cancer cell lines.
CHF receives oral history grant from Gerstacker Foundation
The Chemical Heritage Foundation has received a $250,000 grant from the Rollin M. Gerstacker Foundation to support its oral history program. This funding will help preserve the history of the chemical industry and molecular sciences through recorded interviews with key players.
Common human virus may be associated with colon cancer, according to Temple researchers
Researchers at Temple University have discovered a possible link between the common human virus JC virus and colon cancer. The study found that the viral genome and proteins were present in malignant epithelial tumors in the large intestine, which may play a role in tumor development.
Canadian scientists develop first-ever Fusarium-tolerant pastry
Researchers have developed a new line of soft red winter wheat that exhibits significantly lower levels of mycotoxins when exposed to the fungus Fusarium. This breakthrough is expected to benefit the Canadian agri-food industry and improve food safety, with the new variety, Wonder, set to be in full commercial production by 2004.
Rice deciphers optical spectra of carbon nanotubes
Researchers at Rice University have precisely identified the optical signatures of 33 'species' of light-emitting carbon nanotubes, revolutionizing the field of nanotechnology. This breakthrough enables chemists to measure nanotubes using simple and faster methods, accelerating research in this rapidly evolving field.
New treatment option for children with cholera
A new study has identified azithromycin as an effective single-dose antibiotic treatment for children with cholera, reducing diarrhoea duration by 24 hours compared to erythromycin. However, the high cost of azithromycin may limit its widespread adoption in treating childhood cholera.
Examining a disease decimating global potato yields
Potato late blight, a mutated funguslike pathogen, is affecting global potato production, causing brownish lesions that turn healthy plants into mush. The disease has spread globally, with Russia experiencing devastating yields, and experts warn of dire consequences for food security.
New thoughts on evolution arise from UH yeast study
Researchers observed rapid creation of new species by mating two separate yeast species, shedding light on the evolution process and suggesting potential ways to improve biotechnology and fermentation processes. The findings extend the range of known mechanisms causing reproductive isolation.
Columbia University researchers find key to the formation of new seafloor spreading centers
Researchers found that small-magnitude earthquakes and micro-cracking in a region called the process zone precede propagation, followed by nucleation of the rift axis and upwelling of magma. This new understanding can be applied to more complex rift settings in oceans and continents.
New UGA study demonstrates bacterial pathogens use hydrogen as energy source in animals
A new UGA study reveals that Helicobacter pylori and other human pathogens use molecular hydrogen as an energy source, leading to increased stomach colonization ability. The discovery has profound implications for the treatment of diseases such as gastric cancer and bacterial diarrhea illnesses.
New approach for treating asthma
Researchers found that normalizing induced sputum eosinophil count reduces asthma exacerbations by 63% and severe asthma attacks by 67%. The strategy has implications for regular monitoring of airway inflammation to treat moderate to severe asthma.
Jupiter-like planets formed in hundreds – not millions – of years, study shows
A new study suggests that Jupiter-like planets form quickly, within hundreds of years, rather than over millions. This contradicts the current standard model of planet formation, which proposes a longer time frame for gas giant planet formation.
Structure of pain-modulating enzyme described by scientists at the Scripps Research Institute
Researchers have solved the structure of fatty acid amide hydrolase (FAAH), an enzyme that metabolizes endocannabinoids like anandamide, which provide natural pain relief. By inhibiting FAAH, scientists aim to increase the longevity of these molecules, potentially leading to effective and long-lasting pain relief without side effects.
Suicide in China – Underlying risk factors similar to western countries
Research in China identifies eight significant risk factors for suicide, including depression, previous attempts, and chronic stress. The study suggests that focusing on individual risk factors may not be effective in reducing suicide rates, emphasizing the importance of a multi-factor approach to prevention.
The Sirente crater field: The first impact crater in Italy
The Sirente crater field is the world's first known impact crater in Italy, dated between the 4th and 5th century A.D. The crater features fine-grained lacustrine sediments and a well-preserved structure due to its young age.
Tailor-made sugar coated proteins manufactured in novel E. coli system
Scientists have developed a novel system to manufacture glycosylated proteins in E. coli, enabling the production of complex human proteins like Factor VIII and erythropoietin. This breakthrough opens up new avenues for research and industry applications.
UC Berkeley scientists detail neural circuit that lets eye detect directional motion
The study reveals a sophisticated neural computation in the retina that enables directional motion detection. The circuit, involving three redundant mechanisms, is crucial for tracking moving objects and providing dynamic visual information to the brain.
University of Toronto study reveals climate change in western Canada
A new study of snow accumulation on Mount Logan provides evidence that significant climate change has occurred in Western Canada, with both surface and atmospheric temperatures rising since the mid-19th century. The research warns of warmer winters and changes in weather patterns if current trends continue.
A leukemia-related protein is a master editor of the 'histone code'
The MLL protein edits the histone code at specific sites, regulating Hox gene expression and contributing to leukemia. This study highlights the importance of the histone code in developmental biology and disease.
Good health’s in the mail: Mailed promotions cut doctor visits for some
A study found that mailed health promotions reduced outpatient visits by an average of 4.84 visits among arthritis patients, while increasing visits for high blood pressure patients. The interventions generated significant savings, supporting the potential cost-effectiveness of health mailings for managing chronic conditions.
Qubits turn up trumps
Researchers have developed a silicon-chip qubit that can perform quantum computations without leaking information due to decoherence. This achievement is based on a blueprint from 1998 and could lead to the creation of large arrays of qubits for practical quantum processing.
Artificial cell gets light-powered nanopump for calcium ions
Researchers at Arizona State University have developed a light-powered molecular pump that shuttles calcium ions through a phospholipid membrane. The operation is controlled by an artificial reaction center molecule, which donates and reabsorbs electrons in response to light. This innovation could be used for various applications, incl...
Infection by closely related HIV strains possible
Researchers discovered that an individual could become infected with two closely related strains of HIV, highlighting the challenges in creating a vaccine against this highly variable virus. The study found that a hypothetical vaccine against one strain may not protect against other closely related strains.
Multitasking genes manage related traits in plants
Research finds that genes manage related traits in plant parts, like flowers, to optimize reproduction and survival. A single genetic mechanism regulates the growth of flower parts in correlation, enabling precise construction and successful pollination.
Mercury associated with risk of heart attack
Researchers found that mercury in fish counteracts the benefits of omega-3 fatty acids, increasing the risk of heart attack. Consuming low-mercury fish like salmon can help reduce cardiovascular risk.
SourceJohns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health·JournalNew England Journal of Medicine·DateNov 27, 2002
Preschool curriculum uses stories and art to build a love of books
A new preschool curriculum, SPARK, uses repetition and arts to engage slow learners, promoting a love of reading. The approach, which includes activities like art, music, and make-believe, provides open-ended exploration and addresses specific disabilities.
Infection with second strain of HIV compromises treatment
Researchers found that patients infected with one strain of HIV can develop superinfection with another strain, compromising treatment. Genetic analysis confirmed the presence of a second type of HIV in the patient's blood, indicating that superinfection is possible and poses unique challenges for vaccine development.
Protein in eye may help fight autoimmune diseases in other parts of body
Researchers have discovered a protein in the eye that can successfully treat an autoimmune disease by converting conventional T cells into regulatory T cells. The study found significant reduction in uveitis severity and prevention of disease onset in mice models.
Project to increase women and minorities participation in NSF-funded programs
The University of Michigan is launching a program to increase diversity in STEM fields by recruiting graduate students for the NSF's Integrative Graduate Education and Research Traineeship (IGERT) programs. With NSF support, Professor James Teeri will connect with professional society programs and educate potential students about IGERT.
Immune system control of HIV may not protect against second infection
Researchers found that a patient's immune system did generate new responses against the unique parts of the virus B, but these responses were not sufficient to prevent re-infection. The study supports the need for a preventive vaccine that targets multiple HIV strains.
Two landmark fertility studies give hope to young male cancer patients
Researchers have successfully transplanted immature mouse and rabbit testicular tissue, resulting in live births and mature sperm production. This breakthrough technique offers new hope for pre-pubertal boys and babies affected by cancer treatment, potentially restoring fertility through autotransplantation.
SourceEuropean Society of Human Reproduction and Embryology·JournalHuman Reproduction·DateNov 27, 2002
New study pursues the impact of pregnancy on drug efficacy
Researchers investigate how pregnancy affects medication levels in the blood, suggesting that placenta's organic cation transporter plays a crucial role. The study aims to inform safe dosing practices for pregnant women taking common medications, potentially improving treatment outcomes and reducing risks.
The arctic perennial sea ice could be gone by end of the century
The study found that Arctic temperatures are increasing at a rate of 1.2 degrees Celsius per decade, leading to the decline of perennial sea ice. If the perennial ice cover disappears, it could profoundly impact summer shipping lanes, plankton blooms, ocean circulation systems, and global climate.
Insects' survival, mating decrease with age in wild, researchers discover
A unique insect study reveals that male antler flies deteriorate with age, showing a decrease in survival and mating success as they get older. The study provides valuable insights into the aging process in insects living in their naturally evolved environment.
Myostatin-blockers improve muscle function in dystrophic mice
Researchers have found that blocking myostatin in mice with muscular dystrophy improves muscle function, providing a potential new treatment for the condition. However, further studies are needed to address concerns about the approach's limitations and potential side effects.
How crayfish do the locomotion
Researchers have developed a comprehensive understanding of crayfish locomotion, revealing an intricate eight-module system that integrates signals from each segment and the brain. This complex neural network is likely to be found in other animals, including insects and humans.
Lesson improves rural students' knowledge of farm safety
A farm safety lesson improved rural students' knowledge of farm safety, with significant gains in correct answers. The program reduced the risk of farm-related injuries and deaths among elementary school children.
SourceUniversity of South Florida (USF Health)·JournalJournal of Agricultural Safety and Health·DateNov 26, 2002
Optical communications using cell phone technology
Researchers at UC Davis are developing optical CDMA devices that encode information across a spread of wavelengths for fast and secure telecommunications. This technology has the potential to improve network security and provide faster connections.
Depression more dangerous for elderly men than women
A recent study published in Psychosomatic Medicine found that depression is more deadly for men over 70 than women, despite occurring less frequently. Depression was associated with increased mortality rates in men after accounting for other factors, while chronic and remitted depression had no significant impact on mortality rates.
Study finds EMS is risky occupation
A recent study examined three independent databases to develop a comprehensive picture of the occupational hazards faced by EMS workers. The findings reveal that EMS personnel are exposed to various risks, including ambulance crashes, assaults, and exposure to infectious diseases.
Higher death rate and non-recovery of kidney function seen in ICU patients given diuretics
A study published in JAMA found that ICU patients treated with diuretics have a 68% increase in mortality and 77% non-recovery of kidney function. The researchers suggest reassessing diuretic use, particularly for those not responding to treatment, as delays can lead to adverse outcomes.
New test speeds diagnosis of chest pain
A new test protocol has been shown to accurately diagnose chest pain in emergency patients, with a 100% sensitivity rating for heart attacks. The protocol's accelerated evaluation tool may reduce hospital admissions and improve patient outcomes by enabling earlier diagnosis and treatment.
'Knot' to be undone, researchers discover unusual protein structure
Scientists have discovered an unusual protein structure, known as a 'knot', which defies traditional understanding of protein folding. The newly found knot may stabilize amino acid subunits in the protein, shedding light on its mysterious function and potential applications in disease diagnosis and drug development.
Holidays are open season for open container laws
A NHTSA analysis shows that states without open-container laws experience more alcohol-involved fatal crashes. Four of every 10 highway fatalities involve alcohol, highlighting the need for better laws. Dr. Phillip Brewer calls on emergency physicians to advocate for stronger laws.
Stomaching flatfish: How hormones regulate flounder stomach development
Dr. Jennifer Specker's three-year grant researches how cortisol and thyroid hormones regulate stomach development in summer flounder, a process influenced by environmental changes. The study aims to understand the relationship between fish, environment, and climate change.
Loss of major hub cities could cripple Internet, study suggests
A study by researchers at Ohio State University suggests that a disaster crippling major Internet nodes, such as Los Angeles and New York, could disconnect smaller cities from the entire network. This vulnerability is a concern due to the hub-and-spoke model of the modern Internet, which relies heavily on these central locations.
Environmental enrichment reverses learning impairments caused by lead poisoning
A study published in Annals of Neurology found that environmental enrichment can reverse cognitive deficits caused by lead poisoning in rats. The researchers observed significant improvements in learning ability and a recovery in brain receptor function among lead-exposed rats raised in enriched environments.
A less invasive fertility procedure could be used to treat some infertile women
In a new study, researchers describe a less invasive fertility procedure that uses intraperitoneal insemination to treat infertile women with no cervical blockages. The technique bypasses the cervix by injecting sperm directly into the pelvic cavity, avoiding the need for more complex treatments.
Emory Center for AIDS Research (CFAR) receives five-year grant from National Institutes of Health
The Emory Center for AIDS Research (CFAR) has received a five-year grant from the National Institutes of Health to further HIV/AIDS research and prevention efforts. With $33.5 million in NIH funding, the CFAR will build on recent advances in immunology, vaccines, and drug development.
Stress may trigger multiple sclerosis flare-ups in women
Women with relapsing-remitting MS experienced an average of 2.6 MS exacerbations that lasted 29 days, with 85% linked to stressful life events in the prior six weeks. Stressors from various sources and severity levels were equally associated with flare-ups.
Emergency medicine drug shortages likely to increase
The study found that drug shortages affecting patients in emergency departments have grown significantly since 1995. Emergency physicians can help manage these shortages by communicating with hospitals and patients about available options, but solving the issue will take many years.
Research reveals a cellular basis for a male biological clock
A recent study reveals that sperm in men older than 35 show more DNA damage, which could be passed on to offspring. The researchers found that older men have lower motility and more damaged DNA, with fewer apoptotic cells, indicating a decline in the ability of sperm to eliminate damaged cells.
Little yellow molecule comes up big
Research reveals bilirubin's role in protecting cells from oxidative damage, potentially improving outcomes for conditions like stroke and heart attack. The study also sheds light on the paradox of bilirubin's production, suggesting it may be an evolutionary development to combat cellular stress.
SourceJohns Hopkins Medicine·JournalProceedings of the National Academy of Sciences·DateNov 25, 2002
Generalized anxiety disorder linked to peptic ulcer disease
A new study has found a significant link between generalized anxiety disorder and peptic ulcer disease, with individuals experiencing more anxiety symptoms being more likely to report ulcers. The study suggests that persistent, severe anxiety and infectious agents may both contribute to the development of peptic ulcers.
Sugar gene helps rice tolerate drought, salt, cold
Cornell researchers introduce a trehalose-enhancement gene into Indica rice varieties, demonstrating stress tolerance and increased productivity. The transgenic plants also exhibit improved photosynthesis and nutrient utilization, making them more robust under various environmental stresses.
'Stippling' speeds 3-D computer imaging
Engineers at Purdue University have created a new kind of computer-imaging software that uses stippling to quickly produce complex pictures of internal organs and other renderings. The method is 10 times faster than some conventional methods, enabling real-time previewing of medical images.
UK Study finds no connection between Gulf War and veterans' neuromuscular symptoms
A recent UK study published in Neurology found no association between Gulf War exposure and specific impairments of peripheral nerves, neuromuscular junction, or skeletal muscles. The study used robust neurophysiologic tests and included representative comparison groups to rule out objective dysfunction.
Hot spot cosmic accelerators
Researchers have obtained near-infrared images of the hot spots in radio galaxy 3C 445 using advanced instruments on the VLT ANTU telescope. The images show synchrotron emission associated with an intergalactic shock, providing evidence of cosmic accelerators far from the galaxy and its main jets.
UC Berkeley, Joint Genome Institute target chloroplasts for clues to green plant evolution
Researchers aim to isolate and sequence chloroplast and mitochondrial genomes from 50-100 plants to determine relationships among ancient plant groups. By comparing these genomes, they hope to answer questions about how many times land was colonized by green algae and how multicellular plants evolved.