Researchers have found a way to use a single photon to initiate the transfer of two electrons in a photochemical reaction, offering greater efficiency. The long-lived charge separation appears to last for several minutes, which is longer than usual.
Researchers found late-onset schizophrenia to be a distinct condition characterized by tau protein abnormalities. The study analyzed brain tissue from patients and found that changes in the hippocampus were caused by hyper-phosphorylation of tau.
Researchers have successfully treated metastatic disease using a modified herpesvirus, providing a promising treatment option for patients with advanced cancer. The therapy has shown promise in early trials, demonstrating its potential as a novel approach to combatting this devastating disease.
A University of California at Berkeley study found that up to 30% of U.S. children who use computers may need special eyewear to reduce the risk of premature vision problems. The research also shows a strong correlation between computer use and premature myopia, or nearsightedness.
Researchers found that different brain pathways handle mental rotation and object recognition tasks, indicating distinct neural circuits. The ventral pathway is involved in object identity, while the dorsal pathway is linked to spatial location.
The AAAS Report XXVII: Research and Development FY 2003 provides a definitive guide to the President's R&D budget proposals. The report shows a record increase in federal R&D funding to $112 billion, driven by increases in defense and health sectors. Non-defense R&D would decrease slightly, while basic research would see a 7.9% growth.
Researchers found that boosting PKM levels in fruit flies improves memory retention, contradicting previous understanding of memory fade. The discovery sheds light on the process of synaptic tagging during memory formation and has significant implications for our understanding of neural mechanisms.
Researchers found that reducing medication costs by 40% can add up to 90 years of life for heart patients over 75. Lowering prices from average wholesale price (AWP) to 20% below AWP extends life by 63 years, compared to only 48 years at AWP.
Researchers at Stanford Medicine have identified a medical condition causing violent 'sleep sex' behaviors, characterized by loud moaning and sexual assault during sleep. The disorder can be treated with standard sleep disorder treatments, including therapy and medication.
A new study by researchers at Thomas Jefferson University found that the protein GCC is present in intestinal metaplasia, a sometimes precancerous condition in the esophagus and stomach. GCC's presence was detected in five of five cases of esophageal cancer and eight of nine cases of stomach cancer.
Chronic heart failure affects 5 million US people, with poor hospital outcomes and high readmission rates. Researchers conducted large placebo-controlled trials to develop treatment guidelines for this condition.
A study of dialysis patients found that high pulse pressure is associated with a greater risk of death, contradicting the idea that lower blood pressure is better. Researchers analyzed over 37,000 patients and discovered that the difference between systolic and diastolic blood pressures can indicate mortality risk.
A new study by Eckehard Liske, PhD, confirms the safety and efficacy of RemiFemin in relieving menopausal symptoms. The research shows that standardized herbal supplement works without affecting hormone levels, reducing hot flashes, mood swings, night sweats, and sleeplessness.
A study of 206 men and 135 women found that waist circumference and BMI are both strong predictors of nonabdominal, abdominal subcutaneous, and visceral fat stores. Combining these two measures is more effective at predicting abdominal obesity and its associated health risks than using either variable alone.
Researchers found surprising parallels in RNA virus replication, suggesting a common strategy to kill various viruses. The discovery could lead to more general virus control strategies.
The study found energy expenditure differences between African American and white children, as well as differences in body composition and activity levels. Children with higher fat mass expended more energy, regardless of their race or sex.
A study of 33,344 participants found that higher dietary energy intake was associated with a greater risk of benign prostate disease. Additionally, high protein intake, especially from animal sources, and certain polyunsaturated fats increased the risk. The authors suggest that dietary factors may contribute to the development of BPH.
A study found that iron supplementation significantly enhanced maximal oxygen uptake and respiratory exchange ratio in iron-depleted women, improving their adaptation to aerobic exercise. Women with more depleted initial iron status showed the most improvement.
Researchers at UC Berkeley have identified organic nitrogen oxides, previously unknown pollutants, which play a crucial role in atmospheric chemistry. The team's advanced detector can monitor NO compounds continuously with unprecedented sensitivity, enabling better predictions of ozone formation and air pollution impact.
Scientists found that viruses causing diverse ailments like AIDS, common cold, and hepatitis share functional traits, linking large groups of viruses. These traits involve replication mechanisms and messenger RNA stages, suggesting a common ancestor among the viruses. The discovery bolsters prospects for broad-spectrum antiviral agents.
Researchers have identified genes unique to group A Streptococcus bacteria that cause acute rheumatic fever, a leading cause of childhood heart disease. The study also reveals that genetic material from different strains can be swapped, enabling the spread of the disease.
Researcher Michele L. Aldrich found that Dickinson's poetry incorporated geological terms, indicating an influence from her education at Amherst Academy and Mount Holyoke College. This study aims to encourage students interested in geology to explore the subject through literary examples like Dickinson's poems.
A high-protein diet supplemented with calcium and vitamin D was found to increase bone mineral density in older adults. The study showed that higher protein intake, particularly in combination with adequate calcium levels, can promote bone health and reduce the risk of fractures.
The University of Michigan has launched a new Center for Genomics and Public Health, which aims to narrow the gap between genomics and public health practice. The center will examine population-based data to describe genes associated with cardiovascular disease and understand their interaction with other risk factors.
A study found that adolescents with depression are more receptive to tobacco advertising and are at a higher risk of experimenting with smoking. Exposure to peer smokers also plays a significant role in the decision to smoke.
Geologists find strong similarities in Silurian marine fossils between Alaska, Urals, and Siberia, indicating a shared contiguous seaway. This discovery contradicts a previous hypothesis that the Alexander terrane was located in the Southern Hemisphere during the Silurian period.
A new study by Union College geology student Jonathan MacDonald measures the neutron-induced fission tracks on porcelain fragments near ground zero in Hiroshima. The results provide insight into the exposure levels from the atomic bomb, with one sample showing a 2 to 2.5 times higher value than previous estimates.
Researchers found that Copaxone, a commonly used MS treatment, stimulates CD8 cells in patients, whereas untreated patients show weaker responses. This new approach enables effective evaluation of both CD4 and CD8 cells taken directly from patients.
Despite being a significant advancement in Parkinson's disease treatment, only 7% of eligible patients in G5 European countries have received deep brain stimulation therapy. Inconsistent funding support and low awareness among general practitioners are major barriers to access.
Lawrence H. Tanner found evidence of a Manicouagan impact causing an earthquake in the Fundy Rift Basin, a sedimentary basin 700 km away from the impact site. The association between the impact and paleoseismicity was made using shocked quartz grains, providing a stratigraphic context for the event.
A recent study found that migraine prevalence in the US has remained stable over the past decade, with many sufferers relying on over-the-counter medications. The study suggests that millions of people could benefit from proper medical attention, which can lead to more effective treatment and improved quality of life.
A study by Robert A. Sweet MD establishes that Alzheimer's disease with psychosis (AD+P) may aggregate in families, suggesting a genetic link. The presence of psychotic symptoms in AD patients is also linked to aggressive behavior, rapid decline, and early institutionalization.
A long-term follow-up study of over 800 postmenopausal women found that stopping hormone replacement therapy resumes bone loss at a rate similar to those who never took the drugs. The study showed that while bone mass increased in the first 36 months after starting hormone replacement therapy, there was little gain after that.
Children in joint custody arrangements exhibit less behavior and emotional problems, have higher self-esteem, and better family relations compared to those in sole custody. This is partly due to the ongoing contact with both parents, which helps children adjust better.
Researchers at MGH identified a key immune system molecule, PGRP-LC, essential for recognizing and ingesting gram-negative bacteria like E.coli. The protein plays a crucial role in the macrophage's response to infection.
Researchers analyzed 99 patient samples and identified patterns of gene activity strongly associated with oestrogen receptor status and tumour grade. These findings may help characterize tumours more effectively and predict patient outcomes, including survival rates and relapse risk.
ColorBrewer is a free web-based tool that enables users to select from various color schemes for their maps. The tool offers sequential, diverging, and qualitative schemes, allowing users to test and refine their choices. Additionally, ColorBrewer provides detailed color specifications for printing, projection, or web display.
Researchers have discovered four biochemical markers that can predict a woman's likelihood of developing metastatic disease in node-negative breast cancer. These markers, including p53, E-cadherin, and nm23H1, were found to be significant predictors of outcome, allowing for more accurate identification of patients at risk. This breakth...
The new center will explore various initiatives toward insulin independence without long-term immunosuppression. Researchers will investigate less toxic drugs and test donor islets protected by a sheath-like membrane to reduce immune response.
A recent study found that postpartum fatigue is significantly linked to postpartum depression, with women reporting symptoms after just 28 days, highlighting the need for screening tools and self-care support
A large study of Norwegian and Swedish women found that using oral contraceptives may increase the risk of developing breast cancer, particularly when used later in reproductive life. The risk was highest among women aged 45 or over who were still taking the pill.
A study found that elderly patients' sense of caring, technical proficiency, and office environment are key factors in meeting their medical care expectations. Physicians who connect personally with patients, spend time with them, and demonstrate competence can earn high marks for caring.
Younger women with Hodgkin's Disease are at a higher risk of developing breast cancer after radiotherapy, particularly if they have a family history or underwent splenectomy. Modern treatment methods aim to lower this increased risk.
Researchers have developed new markers capable of detecting minute numbers of cancer cells in blood, using three genes shown to be over-expressed in invasive breast cancer. The markers' sensitivity and specificity are greatly enhanced when used in combination.
The Michael J. Fox Foundation awards a $10 million grant to Jeffrey Kordower, PhD, of Rush University Medical Center, to develop embryonic stem cell lines for Parkinson's disease treatment. The goal is to create dopaminergic cells that can be used in research and potentially lead to new treatments.
A recent study by ECCO-the European CanCer Organisation suggests that a significant proportion of interval breast cancers may be detectable during screening, potentially improving detection rates. The researchers reviewed 723 mammograms and found that 27% of previously undetected cancers could have been detected during screening, corre...
The UC San Diego Department of Psychiatry will provide annual conferences, consultation services, and education campaigns to support SACPA's goal of reducing crime and improving health outcomes for non-violent offenders. The partnership aims to address the root causes of addiction as a public health issue.
A University of North Carolina study found that individually tailored health promotion programs can significantly improve the lives of working women. The program, which included confidential feedback and lay health advisory programs, boosted fruit and vegetable consumption and improved strength and flexibility exercise among participants.
The Rush University Medical Center has opened a new tissue and cell lab to develop clinical-grade human cellular components for treating certain cancers. The facility will utilize immunotherapy, using the patient's own cells to target cancerous cells.
A University of Florida researcher has developed a feline AIDS vaccine that the federal government has approved for commercial use. The vaccine, expected to be available this summer, is based on viruses from long-term nonprogressor cats and may aid in human HIV development.
DIPEx, a website offering video, audio, and text interviews with patients, has launched its newest modules on breast cancer and bowel cancer. The site provides a unique resource for patients and healthcare professionals, aiming to improve communication and shared decision-making.
The microendoscopy technique uses a tiny endoscope to detect abnormal cell changes in breast ducts, potentially identifying breast cancer up to a decade before it develops. Researchers have had successes with the procedure and plan to use it as a diagnostic tool for high-risk patients.
Ray Dessy, a renowned chemist, has received the Dreyfus Foundation Senior Mentor Award to support undergraduate research in surface plasmon resonance (SPR) use. The award will fund projects with students from various fields, including chemistry, engineering, and computer science.
Cancer specialists at the European Breast Cancer Conference express concerns about EU regulations on clinical trials, revised Declaration of Helsinki, and animal rights affecting breast cancer research. They urge policymakers to challenge rules that undermine research, citing increased bureaucracy as a major obstacle.
A study of 474 students aged 17-23 found that alcohol and drug use increased with class standing, while sexual activity also rose. The researchers suggest early intervention is key to addressing health issues in college students.
Researchers suggest that biopsying internal mammary sentinel nodes can help doctors detect more accurate spread of breast cancer, leading to better treatment options. The procedure involves a small cut through the breast bone to remove the node, and has been found to be successful in 65% of cases.
Researchers found that estrogen production protects females from cardiac hypertrophy, but not males. By blocking estrogen receptors, female mice developed cardiac enlargement similar to males.
Researchers found that long-stemmed barbells increase the risk of gum recession in 35% of subjects with pierced tongues. Additionally, 47% of young adults wearing barbells for four or more years had chipped teeth due to habitual biting.
A study by the Center for Disease Control and Prevention found that students were significantly less likely to report considering suicide after the Columbine incident, but the incidence of attempts remained unchanged. The fear of unsafe schools varied depending on location, with urban teens showing a notable increase in safety concerns.
The pituitary gland develops from a common primordium into multiple endocrine cell types through intricate signaling and nuclear events. Researchers describe the complex interactions of transcriptional regulatory factors controlling this process.