Reverse computation could help network managers identify trouble spots before congestion occurs, decreasing processing time by a factor of 10 or more. The technique aims to aid in rapid design of future network systems and improve the efficiency of current techniques.
A standard decision-making framework is being developed to formalise regulatory bodies' assessment of safety cases, reducing subjective judgements. Deconstruction, a technique from French philosopher Derrida, will be used to find meanings in texts that authors did not intend, improving the accuracy of decisions.
A recent study published in the Journal of Occupational and Environmental Medicine found that men with higher levels of polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) were more likely to father boys. Researchers analyzed data from 208 children born to 101 families, where PCB levels were detectable in both fathers and mothers.
A team of UW researchers has determined a more precise solar neutrino production figure, finding that the fusion rate is 17% greater than previously estimated. This new finding means the sun must be producing 17% more energetic neutrinos, with an accuracy of 3-4 percentage points.
Researchers at Genetica and Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory have developed a cost-effective method for determining the role of specific genes using RNAi. This approach enables stable silencing of gene expression in mammalian cells, allowing for rapid assessment of gene function, previously limited to plants and certain model organisms.
The U-M Medical School is developing an interdisciplinary CAM curriculum, integrating theory, evidence, and practice to enhance learning. The program aims to increase medical students' knowledge of CAM, promoting a deeper understanding of the healing relationship between physician and patient.
Researchers will study the effects of aging on the heart and evaluate an endurance exercise-training program's ability to improve diastolic function and serve as a therapy for congestive heart failure. The study aims to identify the precise dose of exercise necessary to restore normal diastolic function.
Scientists have created a new transgenic rat model of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) that can quickly test novel treatments and advance understanding of the disease. The rats carry an abnormal human gene for superoxide dismutase, which reveals the critical role of astrocytes in ALS progression.
Researchers have successfully attached molecules to the surface of a virus, creating a novel method for immobilizing large molecules on viral surfaces. This technique has potential applications in nanotechnology, materials science, and medicine.
The Rat Resource Research Center (RRRC) will provide a centralized facility for information on available rat strains and a source of animals themselves. This will significantly increase the capacity for researchers to study specific human diseases using rat models, such as cardiovascular and pulmonary disease.
Researchers discovered that the Rad54 gene plays a vital role in repairing DNA breaks in a neat and efficient manner, preventing mutations. The study's findings suggest that individuals without this gene may be more susceptible to radiation therapy side effects and could benefit from milder treatment protocols.
David Nelson, pioneer of chromatography data systems, recognized for promoting public understanding of analytical chemistry and its role in world economies. His work demonstrated the benefits of personal computers in analytical chemistry, benefiting forensic science, pharmaceutical drug discovery, and environmental remediation.
A study conducted by Yale University has shown that a cocaine vaccine can significantly reduce cravings and addiction in patients who abuse the drug. The vaccine was found to be safe and effective in increasing anti-cocaine antibodies, which help prevent the uptake of cocaine across the blood-brain barrier.
Navrotsky's work has pioneered methods to measure the energy needed to form crystal structures, allowing scientists to study minerals deep within the earth. Her research has established the identity of materials at hundreds of kilometers depth, enabling new discoveries in nanogeoscience.
The University of North Carolina is expanding its CATIE project to examine the effectiveness of newer anti-psychotic drugs for schizophrenia and behavioral problems in Alzheimer's disease. The trials will include a newly-approved drug, ziprasidone, and aim to determine its relative effectiveness compared to other medications.
Langer's groundbreaking research in controlled drug delivery and tissue engineering has paved the way for a multi-billion dollar industry. His work has led to the development of novel biodegradable polymers with medical applications, including a FDA-approved treatment for brain cancer that extends patient lives.
A recent study identified six essential features of professional development that improve instruction in math and science, including active learning, coherence, and content-focused courses. Effective programs also involve collective participation, duration, and reform-based activities.
Researchers have linked two key brain abnormalities in schizophrenia, including reduced frontal lobe activation and abnormal dopamine release, suggesting a common pathophysiological mechanism. The study suggests that antipsychotic drugs may target the wrong area, leading to an excess of dopamine activity.
A new study found that brain-injured children from less stressed and more supportive families had significantly higher achievement and behavior scores than their peers. The authors speculate that severe traumatic brain injury exacerbates the effects of unfavorable family circumstances, leading to worse academic and behavioral outcomes.
Clinicians and scholars unraveled the mystery of King Herod's death, concluding he died from chronic kidney disease likely complicated by Fournier's gangrene. The diagnosis was reached through a historical case study presented at the VA's Clinical Pathologic Conference.
Researchers have identified a crucial structural piece in the Abl protein that acts as an internal switch to control its transmission of signals. This discovery provides potential targets for designing new drugs specifically for cancers caused by BCR-Abl, which is linked to leukemia.
A team of physicists has discovered evidence of an unusual, fluctuating magnetic order in high-temperature superconductors, which could be crucial for explaining this phenomenon. This discovery was made using neutron beams to investigate the properties of a high temperature superconductor.
The Ecuadorian government has signed a decree to create a globally outstanding protected area in the Andean foothills, led by The Field Museum and the Cofán Survival Fund. This marks the first time federally protected lands have been placed in official custody of indigenous people, with the Cofán residents set to manage the 195-square-...
The Cultures of Consumption programme investigates growing significance of consumer issues in society. It examines the role of consumers, consumption patterns, and their impact on health, environment, family life, and civil society.
Researchers found that an antioxidant, AEOL 10113, can prevent type 1 diabetes by modifying the immune system's recognition of antigens. The treatment lasted for up to four weeks, suggesting a promising new line of research for autoimmune diseases.
A study published by the Mayo Clinic found that megestrol acetate was more effective than dronabinol in improving appetite and weight loss in patients with advanced cancer. The study, which evaluated 469 patients, showed that 75% of those taking megestrol acetate reported appetite improvement, compared to 49% of those taking dronabinol.
The Math and Science Partnership (MSP) aims to improve student achievement by ensuring all students are engaged in a challenging curriculum. The program also seeks to increase the number, quality, and diversity of science and math teachers.
University at Buffalo researchers have developed reusable chemical sensors that can detect hundreds of chemicals in an area smaller than a dime. The new technology uses pin-printing to create xerogel-based sensors, which are rigid materials with intricate networks of nanoscopic pores.
A 24-week study found patients with vascular dementia taking ARICEPT experienced significant cognitive and global function improvements compared to placebo. The medication was well-tolerated, even when taken with other medications, according to the researchers.
Researchers at TSRI develop a method for controlling chemical reactions by encapsulating molecules in nanocapsules, enabling self-regulatory amplification and exponential growth. This discovery offers a new approach to controlling reactivity without the need for autocatalysts.
A recent study assesses the jaguar's long-term survival prospects and identifies priority areas for conservation. The researchers found that the big cats are likely to survive in 70% of their current range, with the Amazon Basin being a key region for protection.
The study found that interneurons inhibit pyramidal cells in two ways, allowing the brain to remain alert without becoming overloaded. This mechanism is crucial in preventing epilepsy, where the brain becomes disorganized and overwhelmed.
Researchers at Stanford University have developed nanocircles that can shut down specific genes in living bacteria, paving the way for potential use in genetic therapy. The study demonstrates that nanocircles can act as a Trojan horse to target and inhibit disease-causing genes.
Researchers have discovered a new gene expression signature that can predict the outcomes of children with medulloblastoma, a type of brain tumor. The signature is detectable at diagnosis and may help identify patients who are likely to survive and those who will not.
A national survey in South Africa found that 33% of reported child rapes were perpetrated by school teachers, with 85% occurring among children aged 10-14. The study highlights the need for effective action to address rape and sexual harassment of girls in schools.
Researchers from the Office of Naval Research have developed a retinal microchip to restore vision in the blind. The chip electronically stimulates healthy retina cells, transmitting signals to the brain to recognize faces and read large text.
A Dutch study suggests that moderate alcohol consumption may reduce the risk of dementia among older individuals. The research found a significant association between light-to-moderate alcohol intake and a lower risk of developing dementia, as well as vascular dementia.
A new surveillance program aims to collect detailed information on every head-injury patient at the University of Rochester Medical Center. This will help identify geographic clusters, environmental conditions, and potential treatment improvements for head injuries.
Researchers found that the Hrs protein regulates cell proliferation by tagging receptors for degradation through a process called endocytosis. This finding could lead to new cancer treatments targeting the Hrs protein.
NavMedWatch enables healthcare professionals to track medical assets, anticipate future needs, and provide alerts for transportation to other facilities. The next version will include a history function to track individual patient care throughout the Naval medical system.
A strong relationship exists between Zimbabwe's peasant farmers and city-dwellers, with family ties playing a vital role in securing employment and housing. This connection is particularly evident during Christmas, when many return to their rural roots laden with city-purchased goods.
Researchers Eric Cornell, Carl Wieman, and Wolfgang Ketterle create a super-size boson by manipulating Bose-Einstein Condensates. They achieved this feat using optical and magnetic trapping techniques, demonstrating the wave nature of matter.
The collaboration will focus on understanding infectious disease pathogens, host interactions, and environmental factors. Researchers will develop technologies for rapid detection, identification, and remediation of pathogens.
Researchers from Utrecht have discovered that carbon nanofibres can effectively replace active carbon as a carrier for catalysts, enhancing the efficiency of hydrogenation reactions. The new material allows for the reuse of catalysts and has shown promise in the industrial-scale production of compounds like cinnamon alcohol.
Researchers found a wide swath of the western Amazon has a forest with minimal species change over distances of over 1000 kilometers. In contrast, forests on the Isthmus of Panama exhibit high beta-diversity due to abrupt variation in rainfall across the Central American isthmus.
A recent study found that liver transplant patients from African American and Asian backgrounds experience lower two-year and five-year survival rates compared to their white American and Hispanic counterparts. The study suggests a need for further research into the reasons behind these disparities in patient outcomes.
Research shows that ant diversity near forest fragments is higher in shade than sun coffee farms, and salamander abundance is higher in disturbed streams confluent with undisturbed ones. Conservation efforts may focus on making surrounding areas more conservation-friendly rather than connecting fragments.
Researchers have discovered an experiment conducted by George Sinclair, head gardener to the Duke of Bedford, in a garden at Woburn Abbey in South East England. The study investigated the relationship between biodiversity and ecosystem functioning, which is currently a hot topic in ecology. The findings push back the link between commu...
Research in tropical dry forests reveals that fragmentation decreases seedling quality, with reduced germination rates and smaller leaves. Despite the negative effects, isolated trees can still serve as genetic stepping stones for pollinating moths and gene flow between populations.
A Hopkins-led study found that African Americans and Asians have poorer graft rejection and survival rates after liver transplantation compared to white Americans and Hispanics. The study's lead author suggests that more research is needed to determine the causes of these disparities, with preliminary data suggesting socioeconomic fact...
A new report identifies knowledge gaps in Central American flora, particularly among fungi and mosses. The Mesoamerican and Caribbean Herbarium Network, which holds over one million plant specimens, is a key resource for future discovery.
UCSF scientists have demonstrated in animals how morphine's potent painkilling powers can be sustained without increasing dosages. By pairing morphine with an opioid that facilitates endocytosis, they showed that the natural cellular process can arrest the pattern of tolerance to morphine.
Researchers at Duke University Medical Center found that stem cell transplants performed within the first 28 days of life have a 95 percent success rate in treating newborn babies with severe combined immunodeficiency (SCID). The early transplants also stimulate a more robust and effective immune system, with reduced stresses on the th...
A team of paleoecologists from Amsterdam used pollen grains to accurately recreate the local climate in Southern Mexico and Northern Guatemala around 1000 AD. The study suggests that the collapse of the well-organised Maya empire led to widespread destruction of wildlife and agricultural areas, resulting in a drier climate.
Scientists have identified a key gene, Rad54, involved in neat DNA repair, preventing mutations and potentially improving cancer treatment. The study found that patients with an inactive Rad54 gene are more susceptible to radiotherapy side effects, leading to the idea of milder treatments.
A study of 63 young persons found that children who started wheezing between ages 2 to 5 were highly likely to continue wheezing in adulthood. Researchers also developed a brief questionnaire to predict future asthma-related healthcare utilization. Additionally, sleep disordered breathing was linked to obesity and craniofacial abnormal...
A new virtual reality-based rehabilitation system was developed by Rutgers researchers, providing intensive therapy and improving range of motion, finger speed, and strength for patients with chronic stroke hand impairment. The treatment showed significant improvements after just three weeks of use.
Researchers found that shipping-related imposex substances are not always transported to the seabed in stratified water. Instead, the harmful substance TBT, which causes imposex, is unable to sink through the boundaries between seawater layers.
The CECRE will create a comprehensive database on clinical research characteristics, including IRB review costs and funding sources. It will also develop a systematic framework for determining which projects require heightened scrutiny.
Scientists have successfully pinned down water at a hydrophobic surface, revealing capillary waves that ripple against the surface. This finding may aid in understanding structure of water films near patchy hydrophilic-hydrophobic surfaces.