The IODP Arctic Coring Expedition has provided new evidence that the Arctic was extremely warm and ice-free up to 55 million years ago, during the Paleocene/Eocene thermal maximum. This period saw a massive release of greenhouse gases, leading to significant temperature rises and changes in ocean chemistry.
Researchers found strong parallels between consumer complaint websites and civic protest movements, with consumers using rhetorical tactics to address injustice and agency. Consumers targeted companies like American Express and United Airlines, framing their grievances as a cause worthy of public attention.
EMBL scientists have founded a start-up company called Elara Pharmaceuticals GmbH to develop new anti-cancer drugs. The company will take promising small molecule leads from EMBL's Chemical Biology Core Facility and further develop them for evaluation in animal models of various types of cancer.
A brain protein called BDNF plays a critical role in regulating anxiety and alcohol consumption in rats. Lower levels of BDNF in specific areas of the brain increased anxiety and drinking behavior, while restoring normal BDNF levels diminished these effects.
A large international study provides strong evidence that common genetic variants in the alpha-synuclein gene contribute to Parkinson's disease worldwide. Variability in this gene is associated with a 1.5 times greater risk for the disease, highlighting potential therapies to reduce alpha-synuclein protein production.
Research reveals that African HIV-infected patients have significantly higher rates of adherence to antiretroviral regimens, with 77% taking their medications as directed compared to 59% in North America. This contradicts historical assumptions about poor adherence among Africans.
A University of New South Wales PhD student has discovered a way to measure brain waves to diagnose and monitor color perception diseases. The study found that brain activity patterns could be used to reveal the finest color discriminations individuals can make, potentially leading to a new visual health test.
Researchers investigated nutritional links between smoking and oral cancer, finding folate levels lower in smokers' blood and cheek cells. Smokers also had altered forms of folate distribution, while antioxidants like carotenoids and vitamin E showed similar trends. More studies are needed to clarify these findings.
Researchers have elucidated the role of adrenal clocks in maintaining circadian rhythms. The adrenal gland contains a peripheral clock that defines a time window for responding to external stimuli, regulating corticosterone release and stabilizing physiological rhythms.
University of Michigan researchers John Vandermeer and Ivette Perfecto argue that peasant farming practices actually support conservation in the tropics. The study found that agroforests, where fruit and timber trees share space with other crops, serve as thoroughfares for migrating animals and promote biodiversity.
Researchers developed a way to discover how genes and diet interact to cause birth defects using transparent fish embryos. They found that copper metabolism affects embryonic development, leading to insights into structural birth defects like scoliosis.
A new study finds that automated external defibrillators (AEDs) have a greater than 20% chance of being recalled for potential malfunction over the past decade. The devices, used to resuscitate victims of sudden cardiac arrest, are complex medical devices that can sometimes malfunction.
A new project aims to create fast and sophisticated computer models to understand ecosystem dynamics and value for any spot on earth. The models will help policymakers identify specific ecosystem services and their impacts, enabling informed decisions on land use.
University of Utah meteorologist Ed Zipser leads a NASA mission to study African weather disturbances that intensify into hurricanes. The study aims to improve hurricane prediction and understanding of extreme events like category 5 storms.
The NHLBI guide provides information on the impact of physical activity on your heart, including tips for incorporating physical activity into daily life. Regular physical activity is essential for maintaining a healthy heart, with benefits including burning extra calories, building stamina, and improving balance.
Dr. Frank M. Richter is recognized for his contributions to solving geologic problems through physics and chemistry applications. His work on mantle dynamics, thermal evolution of Earth, and fluid dynamics has defined the state-of-the-art in the field.
Researchers confirm four new cases of Rett syndrome in boys with no family history, highlighting need for prenatal diagnosis and pediatrician awareness. The condition affects mostly females due to the presence of a single X chromosome, but its incidence may be higher than initially thought.
Researchers found that nitric oxide enhances communication between the thalamus and cortex, allowing for more complex brain operations. This discovery could lead to a better understanding of major brain disorders such as schizophrenia and attention deficit disorder.
As heart procedures increase, it's essential to monitor success of new treatments and technology to keep costs down and quality high. Financial incentives from insurance companies and peer review teams can help improve care while reducing expenses.
Researchers discovered a mutation in the zebrafish that causes copper distribution disorders similar to those in humans. The discovery suggests new potential treatments for structural birth defects and confirms similarities between zebrafish and human genetics.
Researchers develop diamond resonators and oscillators for next-generation telecommunication devices, enabling higher data communication rates. The UNCD material exhibits exceptional mechanical properties, allowing for reliable and affordable production of tuning fork devices.
A new study suggests that post-transplant lymphoproliferative disorder (PTLD) arises when immune cells called scout cells become weakened, allowing the Epstein-Barr virus to cause cancer. The study identifies a mechanism that may explain why some patients develop PTLD and others don't.
A study published in Developmental Science found that children's attention skills are not yet adult-like until the early teens. Children aged 6-10 struggled to detect changes in their environment, revealing a fundamental difference in their perceptual abilities compared to adults.
Purdue engineers are developing advanced rocket technology that uses kerosene, eliminating the need for foam insulation. The research focuses on understanding combustion instability to create better computational models for designing rocket engines. This will enable more efficient and safer testing, reducing the risk of accidents and h...
Peter Zoller, a renowned Austrian physicist, has been awarded the prestigious Dirac Medal 2006 for his groundbreaking research in atomic physics. He is being recognized for his innovative methods to use trapped ions for quantum computing and realizing the Bose-Hubbard model in ultracold gases.
Gold nanoclusters can be activated as catalysts with thin magnesium oxide films, even in defect-free conditions. The study reveals that the film's thickness influences the cluster's structure and dimensionality.
A study analyzed FDA recalls and safety alerts involving automated external defibrillators (AEDs) and accessories between 1996 and 2005. The findings show that AEDs were recalled in 9 of 10 years, with electrical or software problems being the most common cause.
A new study found that copper deficiency in zebrafish leads to birth defects similar to those seen in children with Menkes disease. The researchers discovered a critical role for copper in notochord formation and development, suggesting suboptimal copper metabolism may contribute to structural birth defects.
A unique medical research study has begun evaluating 1,001 individuals at risk of developing Huntington's disease who do not know whether they carry the genetic defect. The PHAROS study aims to identify early signs of the disease and inform clinicians in designing better studies for new drugs.
Research demonstrates zebrafish as an efficient and effective animal model for assessing human cancer cells at various stages of tumorigenesis, with significant findings including conserved cell signaling mechanisms and the ability to visualize cell migration and angiogenesis formation in vivo.
The new curriculum is designed to encourage students to investigate problems and develop their own solutions, putting the responsibility on them to learn. Students will work with the upgraded software and hardware to appreciate the importance of math and science in real-world applications.
A new screening program using digital cameras and the Internet effectively identifies early childhood dental caries (ECC) in 40% of toddlers. The program, developed by University of Rochester Medical Center researchers, uses photos taken by child care center health assistants to detect ECC before it becomes a painful problem.
A Kenyan study confirms that routine Hib vaccination significantly reduced invasive Hib disease to 88% below baseline. This finding suggests that virtual elimination of the devastating disease is possible if more countries adopt the vaccine as part of their national immunization programs.
A new book explores how primary-care doctors interact with patients, focusing on both physician and patient contributions. The research aims to understand the social organization of medical talk and improve doctor-patient relationships.
Researchers found that botulinum toxin injections in early healing phase improve scar appearance and prevent muscle movement wrinkling the wound site. The treatment shows promise for minimizing scarring and optimizing healing outcomes.
Research found that SNCA gene variability is associated with an increased risk of Parkinson disease, explaining approximately 3% of the population's susceptibility. The study also suggests that this variation may be a common factor in the development of the disease.
A new study by Binghamton University researchers found that former athletes tend to earn higher wages in business, military, and manual labor jobs than their non-athlete counterparts. However, athletes who pursue teaching careers or coaching roles often lag behind non-athletes in terms of earnings.
A systematic review and meta-analysis found higher ART adherence rates in sub-Saharan Africa compared to North America. The study suggests that factors beyond poverty, such as poor patient-clinician relationships and untreated depression, contribute to low adherence rates in North America.
Researchers at Medical College of Georgia have developed a rapid and inexpensive way to produce large quantities of regulatory T cells, which can help restore balance in the immune system. The method uses phospholipase D, a signaling molecule that is sensitive to alcohol, allowing for the selective production of regulatory cells.
A new study found that an in-store safety intervention significantly increased the use of child safety-restraints in shopping carts. The intervention, which included greeters and a cash incentive coupon, led to a 34% increase in correct restraint use.
A study published in the Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences found that galantamine, an Alzheimer's medication, can effectively counteract the toxic effects of nerve agents and certain insecticides. The treatment was shown to protect the brain from organophosphorus compounds, even when administered after exposure.
A recent study found that approximately 26,000 US children under 19 years old were treated in emergency rooms for escalator-related injuries between 1990-2002. Young children, particularly those under five years old, accounted for the largest number of injuries and entrapment incidents.
Severely depressed children and adolescents are 1.5 times more likely to attempt or complete suicide if treated with antidepressants compared to those not treated. In contrast, antidepressant use is not associated with increased risk of suicide attempts or deaths in adults.
Scientists at the University of Texas Medical Branch have discovered a unique mechanism used by the SARS coronavirus to evade the immune system. The virus's nsp1 protein breaks down messenger RNA instructions that trigger the production of interferon beta, crucial for host immunity.
Researchers say international patent laws and US-negotiated trade agreements are impeding access to life-saving HIV medicines, particularly in resource-poor settings. The current intellectual property law allows pharmaceutical companies to monopolize markets, making treatments unaffordable for many.
Researchers have confirmed that infants can detect arithmetic errors, challenging the idea that executive attention systems develop later in childhood. The study used brain-monitoring technology to analyze infant responses to math problems, finding that they looked longer at screens with incorrect solutions.
A five-year study shows that exercise can reduce the size of abdominal fat cells by up to 18%, even when combined with dietary weight loss. This finding is significant because it suggests that exercise may be an important component in treating the health complications associated with abdominal fat.
Scientists track sooty shearwater migration patterns, revealing they don't follow a single route but instead focus on three major feeding hotspots. The birds' journeys take advantage of prevailing winds and productivity throughout the year.
Researchers at Yale University found that prolonged and frequent ultrasound exposure on pregnant mice causes brain abnormalities, including scattered neurons in inappropriate cortical layers. The study suggests caution against non-medical ultrasound use on human fetuses, but supports its medical applications.
The influence of money on medical science can lead to biased research and compromised results. Full disclosure of potential conflicts of interest is essential to maintain trust in scientific findings.
Puerto Rican children with asthma make more outpatient clinic visits but spend less time hospitalized compared to African-American children with similar disease severity. Cultural differences in perceptions of medical care may play a role in these disparities.
A tailored HIV prevention program was found to decrease risky sexual behavior among Latino adolescents, increasing condom use and abstinence. The program incorporated aspects of Latino culture into sexual health education messages, resulting in significant reductions in unprotected sex and multiple partners.
Brown University physicists discover that chemical bonding and mechanical instability lead to the formation of zebra-striped patterns in microtubules. This finding provides insight into how shapes are created in living organisms.
A culturally tailored HIV-prevention program reduces risky sexual behaviors among Latino adolescents, even a year after attendance. The study demonstrates the effectiveness of behavioral training in decreasing HIV transmission risk.
Researchers have made significant breakthroughs in understanding plant metal uptake, distribution, and regulation. The discovery of new IRT1 alleles enables plants to take up iron while resisting cadmium contamination. This could lead to increased crop yields, improved human nutrition, and reduced disease susceptibility.
A mathematical model predicts that voluntary household-based quarantine and isolation can substantially reduce the number of infected individuals and deaths from pandemic influenza. The study estimates a 27% reduction in symptomatic cases and a corresponding decrease in deaths, with potential benefits for cities worldwide.
Researchers found that young teens see pregnancy as an opportunity to enhance relationships, but also express concerns about the impact on their education, finances, and overall well-being. The study highlights the need for tailored intervention strategies to address teen-pregnancy prevention.
The new barcode system uses biosensing nanowires with different metal stripes to detect a variety of pathogens. This technology can be used to identify sensitive single and multiplex immunoassays that simulate biowarfare agents, making it easier to detect bio threats in the field.
Dr. Elizabeth Cochran receives the 2006 Subaru Outstanding Woman in Science Award for her groundbreaking work on earthquake triggering, microcracks, and post-seismic displacements. Her research explores intriguing facets of earthquakes using InSAR technology.
A nationwide neighbourhood classification system has been developed using Experian data warehouse and public sources. The system allows users to tap in their postcodes to find out about the likely use of ICTs in their neighbourhoods or those of their friends. Members can also email comments and suggestions.