Researchers found that treating strawberries with ethanol improves their antioxidant activity and free radical scavenging ability, potentially making them a healthier snack. This discovery has implications for other colored berry fruits like blackberries.
Researchers found significantly less salivary gland damage in a group treated with green tea extract, suggesting a reduction of Sjogren's Syndrome symptoms like dry mouth. Green tea's EGCG component may also suppress inflammation and turn on the body's defense system against TNF-alpha.
A new £4.2 million research project at Imperial College London aims to develop renewable and cost-effective methods of producing hydrogen for fuel cells. The project will explore both biological and chemical solar-driven processes to achieve this goal.
Researchers at Thomas Jefferson University found that the LC8 protein is actually a transcription factor that enhances viral replication, not a transport mechanism. This discovery may change how scientists think about central nervous system-attacking viruses like rabies and herpes.
Young males are disproportionately affected by road traffic accidents, with those under 25 nearly three times more likely to die than women in the same age group. The World Health Organisation reports an estimated 1.2 million annual deaths worldwide due to RTAs.
Most dental patients with heart disease no longer need antibiotics before dental procedures to prevent infective endocarditis. New guidelines recommend antibiotics only for patients at greatest risk, including those with artificial heart valves or congenital heart conditions.
A new report by the National Women's Law Center finds that women are more likely to struggle with medical bills and go without needed care due to high healthcare costs. The report also highlights a gender gap in health coverage, with more women than men facing underinsurance or uninsured status.
Researchers at ESRF successfully filmed an enzyme in action using cryogenic techniques, revealing intermediate states crucial to its function. The study contributes to understanding how the enzyme eliminates toxic molecules, offering hope for developing new drugs to combat neurodegenerative diseases.
A RAND study found that girls living near locked schools tended to be heavier and neighborhoods with locked schools were disproportionately poor and had larger minority populations. Public schools had more active amenities, including baseball fields and paved playing surfaces.
A natural ingredient in human blood has been identified as an effective blocker of HIV-1, the virus responsible for AIDS. The peptide, VIRIP, targets a conserved region in the viral envelope and remains effective against drug-resistant strains.
A UCLA/University of Toronto team has discovered a protein called CREB controls neuron participation in memory formation, suggesting a new approach for preserving memory in people with Alzheimer's or brain injury. The study found that high levels of CREB lead to more likely storage of memories.
Researchers found that a single gene in symbiotic bacteria determines aphid thermal tolerance. The gene's mutation affects heat-shock protein production, leading to reduced reproduction and survival in hot conditions. This discovery highlights the critical role of symbiotic bacteria in insect ecology.
Researchers at MGH Cancer Center have discovered a molecular pathway underlying sensitivity to cisplatin in triple-negative breast cancers. The study found that p63 and p73 expression levels can predict cisplatin therapy effectiveness, leading to the design of a clinical trial for patients with advanced triple-negative breast cancer.
Recent studies have found that PTEN and HER2 genes regulate self-renewal and invasion of human mammary stem cells, making them potential targets for breast cancer treatment. Additionally, radiation therapy may contribute to leukemia risk by recruiting hematopoietic stem cells into the irradiated bone marrow.
Researchers at OHSU have identified a G protein-coupled receptor called TAAR1 as a key player in the brain's response to methamphetamine. The discovery offers new hope for developing therapies to reverse meth's adverse health effects and reduce addiction, by targeting this newly found receptor.
Researchers at Jefferson University have developed a method to expand immune system natural killer cells from blood cells outside the body. Adding these cells to anti-cancer therapies involving monoclonal antibodies is more effective in killing cancer cells, offering new treatment possibilities.
A new grant from the National Endowment for the Humanities will support the development of an interactive Web site and a published Cultural Atlas of the Ancient Mongolian Altai. The project aims to document the region's archaeology, geospatial data, and cultural significance in the face of threats from mining, tourism, and climate change.
The Penn State researchers developed a new method to measure the phase shifts resulting from atomic collisions in ultracold cesium atoms. This technique allows for the detection of s-wave phase shifts independent of atom density, paving the way for breakthroughs in atomic physics and potential applications in Bose-Einstein condensates,...
A model predicting the probability of infection from one farm to another has been developed by Gert-Jan Boender and colleagues, highlighting two poultry-dense areas in the Netherlands where epidemic spread is possible. The authors conclude that local control measures are unlikely to halt an unfolding epidemic in these regions.
Researchers found a strong association between HRT use and decreased breast cancer incidence, with a 6.7% decline between 2002 and 2003. The lowest rate seen since about 1987 was maintained in 2004, primarily in estrogen-receptor-positive cancers.
A new census confirms the Amur leopard's precarious survival, with fewer than 35 individuals remaining in the wild. The species is threatened by encroaching civilization, poaching, and climate change, highlighting the need for expanded protected areas and conservation efforts.
An international team of researchers has found evidence of the Earth's earliest forest trees, dating back 385 million years. The discovery includes upright stumps of fossilized trees that reached at least 8 meters in height, forming the first known forests on earth.
Preschool children in rural areas who are served homegrown produce are more than twice as likely to eat five servings of fruits and vegetables daily. Homegrown produce creates a positive food environment, making kids prefer its taste over other foods.
A new study from the University of Illinois Chicago found that LASIK surgery is safe and effective for patients aged 40-69 years old, with reliable predictability of correction. The study also highlighted challenges faced by older adults, including difficulty with near vision after LASIK due to presbyopia.
Researchers have identified a specific region in the frontal cortex as key to recording and learning social information. This discovery may improve understanding of mechanisms behind mental disorders affecting social skills, such as schizophrenia and autism.
Researchers discovered hundreds of genes that bind to CREB and zif268, a crucial step towards understanding neural plasticity. The study's online database provides valuable insights into the molecular mechanisms behind learning and memory.
A systematic study of China's fertility policy found that 63% of couples are limited to one child, and the policy has proven remarkably effective in reducing birth rates. The study also reveals exceptions within prefectures for certain groups, highlighting the complexity of the policy.
Researchers at the National Cancer Institute found that children and young adults with sarcoma are at increased risk of developing thromboembolic events (blood clots) in their veins. The study found that patients whose cancer had spread beyond the original site were more likely to develop a blood clot.
Breast cancer researchers identified the CEACAM6 gene as a unique mediator of aggressiveness and spread in AI-resistant breast cancer cells. The study suggests CEACAM6 may be an important biomarker for metastasis, making it a potential target for novel treatments.
Florida State University is designing a new, 571-acre community called Sky with integrated renewable energy systems and sustainable design. The community will feature geothermal loops, solar collectors, fuel cells, and advanced wastewater treatment facilities to minimize its environmental footprint.
The PACDEX project will study plumes of airborne dust and pollutants from Asia to North America, exploring their effects on clouds, precipitation, and climate. The team aims to determine how particles influence clouds and climate, shedding light on one major environmental issue of this decade.
Duke University researchers engineer mice whose olfactory brain cells 'fire' when exposed to light, enabling real-time monitoring of brain activity. This breakthrough provides a new approach for studying mammalian neural circuitry and has potential applications in treating brain injuries and diseases.
Researchers at the University of Texas at Austin have developed a faster approach to producing disease-fighting antibodies. This method can provide significant time savings and enable the isolation of therapeutic antibodies for human diseases that were previously unobtainable.
Researchers used physiological data to show how a theoretical model explains behavior in children with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). The study found that the 'go' and 'stop' processes are intricately linked, resolving a long-standing paradox.
A study at the University of Bonn found that two men and a woman with severe depression experienced significant improvements in their symptoms after receiving deep brain stimulation. The therapy, which targets the nucleus accumbens area of the brain, showed promising results despite the small patient group.
Hepatitis A and C viruses attack the same protein, MAVS, to block immune defenses, allowing them to survive in the liver. This discovery provides a new perspective on the chronicity of hepatitis C, a highly relevant virus clinically.
A UK-based research project aims to create mass-market organic light emitting devices (OLEDs) that could revolutionize lighting and display technology. The devices, made from thin, flexible plastic, could be integrated into clothing, packaging, and other materials to display electronic information.
A study of 4,000 pregnant women found that almost 1 in 5 overweight women required emergency Caesarean sections due to poor uterine contraction. Obese women experienced excessive bleeding following delivery, which was attributed to poor uterine activity.
The Prescription Opiate Addiction Treatment Study aims to assess the effectiveness of buprenorphine/naloxone combination tablets and different models of drug counseling in patients addicted to prescription opioids. The study will enroll 648 participants and test various treatment approaches to treat addiction to opioid painkillers.
Raven, a mobile surgical robot developed by the University of Washington, will operate in an underwater capsule off the coast of Florida, guided by surgeons in Seattle. The 12-day mission tests current technology for sending remote-controlled surgical robotic systems into space.
A sharp decline in breast cancer cases in 2003 may be linked to a decrease in hormone replacement therapy (HRT) use, with prescriptions dropping by 60% between 2001 and 2004. HRT use was associated with an increased risk of breast cancer, particularly among postmenopausal women.
A study published in The Lancet found that women using Hormone Replacement Therapy (HRT) in the UK are 20% more likely to develop and die from ovarian cancer. Researchers analyzed data from over 948,000 postmenopausal women and found a significant increase in ovarian cancer cases and deaths among HRT users.
A sharp decline in breast-cancer incidence in 2003, followed by relative stabilization, is attributed to the drop in hormone-replacement therapy among postmenopausal women. Researchers estimate a 44,000 fewer breast cancers over two years, with the reduction most evident in estrogen-receptor-positive tumors.
A study by Yale School of Medicine researchers found that cigarette smoking status can be used as a clinical indicator for alcohol misuse, which presents an opportunity for intervention. Non-daily smokers are five times more likely to have a problem with alcohol compared to people who have never smoked.
The Iris Cantor Chair will support a translational researcher in bringing laboratory discoveries to patient treatment. This endowed position aims to advance progress in fighting digestive cancers, which affect various organs worldwide.
A newly discovered bacterial enzyme may play a critical role in the pathogenesis of lung injury in cystic fibrosis patients. The study suggests that targeting this enzyme could be a viable near-term approach to improving the length and quality of life for many CF patients.
The US critical care delivery system is in critical condition due to a growing mismatch between demand and supply. A new report proposes regionalizing the system to centralize expertise, equipment, and facilities, making services readily available to those most in need.
An interdisciplinary team predicts the scent intensity of lily-of-the-valley fragrance components using a computer model of their olfactory receptors. The study confirms that electronic surface structures determine the interaction between scented molecules and human scent receptors.
A 6.7% decrease in breast cancer incidence among US women aged 50+ was reported, likely linked to a decline in hormone therapy use following the Women's Health Initiative study. However, other factors may contribute to this trend, and more research is needed.
A new study by Stanford University atmospheric scientist Mark Z. Jacobson found that ethanol-fueled vehicles increase ozone-related mortalities in the US by about 200 deaths per year compared to gasoline. Nationwide, E85 is likely to increase asthma-related emergency room visits and respiratory-related hospitalizations.
Researchers pinpointed brain regions critical to piecing together a continuous view of the world. By using an illusion known as boundary extension, they found two brain areas involved in extrapolating scenes and integrating discrete samples of surrounding space.
A study published in Neuron reveals that genetic mutations in SHP-2 lead to an imbalance in brain cell development, resulting in mental retardation. The researchers found that the mutation causes neurons to overgrow and inhibits glial cell formation, disrupting neural balance.
Researchers at the Ames Laboratory have discovered a new family of zinc compounds that can be tuned to exhibit physical properties similar to other materials. These compounds, which are over 85% zinc, display extraordinary tunability, allowing scientists to study magnetism and potentially create superconducting materials.
A daily dose of adult-strength aspirin was associated with a moderate decreased cancer risk, particularly for colorectal, prostate, and breast cancers. However, the effect on other types of cancer was not significant.
A new study documents estrogenic activity in fish caught in Pittsburgh's rivers, suggesting feminizing chemicals from industrial and municipal wastes. The findings demonstrate the potential health risks of consuming river-caught fish, particularly for endocrine-mediated health endpoints like some cancers and developmental problems.
Researchers developed a combined imaging method using three microscopic techniques to study the molecular mechanisms of multiple sclerosis. The technique enables the analysis of living tissue, revealing details about astroglial filaments and myelin sheath degradation, which could lead to earlier detection and new treatments.
Chemists at UCSD develop a device that captures sunlight, converts it to electrical energy, and splits carbon dioxide into carbon monoxide and oxygen. This process has the potential to reduce greenhouse gas emissions, produce industrial chemicals, and save fuel.
A study by UC Irvine scientists found that diets rich in docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) can help prevent the development of Alzheimer's disease later in life. Mice given a DHA-rich diet showed lower levels of tau and beta amyloid, proteins associated with neurofibrillary tangles and plaques.
Climate model simulations indicate a robust increase in wind shear in the tropical Atlantic, which could counteract global warming's effects on hurricane intensity. The study suggests that increased wind shear may inhibit both hurricane development and intensification.
Research suggests that phytochemicals in cruciferous vegetables, such as broccoli and watercress, can stop human prostate cancer cells from growing and inhibit the formation of blood vessels that feed tumors. This study provides promising preliminary evidence for the potential anti-cancer properties of these vegetables.