A recent survey found that there are no easily identifiable types of formal training and experience that predict reviewer performance. The study suggests that journal editors have difficulty predicting which individuals will make good reviewers, highlighting the challenges of peer review quality.
A European study reviews various studies on risk reduction attributed to fiber and antioxidants in 100% fruit juices and whole fruits/vegetables. It concludes that pure fruit and vegetable juices are comparable in reducing risk factors for certain diseases like cancer and cardiovascular disease.
A study funded by the Economic and Social Research Council highlights tensions between voluntary organizations supporting refugees and government funding rules. Voluntary groups resist pressures to deliver government policy, citing conflicts with client interests and potential harm to migrants.
Researchers at UT Southwestern Medical Center have developed a novel method to activate specific genes using RNA strands, which can help alleviate disease conditions. By introducing tailor-made RNA strands into cells, the researchers can nudging genes into activity, potentially treating diseases such as cancer.
Researchers from Indiana University and Regenstrief Institute are evaluating the effectiveness of Assertive Community Treatment (ACT) in reducing hospitalizations and adverse consequences. ACT provides highly individualized psychiatric services to help severely mentally ill individuals live at home.
Researchers have created nanosized fluorescent labels that hold promise for studying fundamental chemical and biochemical reactions in single molecules or cells. The new DNA nanotags offer unprecedented densities of fluorescent dyes, enabling extremely bright fluorescence-based imaging and medical diagnostics.
Researchers at Carnegie Mellon University have devised a new process that improves the efficiency of ethanol production, resulting in significant cost savings. The innovative design uses a multi-column system and energy recovery network to reduce steam consumption, leading to an 11% decrease in manufacturing costs.
A study of nearly 900 adolescents found that nearly 80% had multiple physical activity and dietary risk behaviors. Only 2% met all four health guidelines.
The Oregon Health & Science University (OHSU) has received a $1 million grant from Intel to develop and test new technologies for monitoring cognitive function and mobility in older adults. The project aims to create innovative devices that can help prevent the loss of independence among seniors.
A recent NIH study found that magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is more sensitive than computed tomography (CT) in diagnosing acute ischemic stroke, the most common form of stroke. This can lead to better diagnosis and treatment for patients, with potential benefits including reduced misdiagnosis and improved patient outcomes.
A recent Joslin Diabetes Center-led study has discovered that the appetite hormone melanin concentrating hormone (MCH) plays a crucial role in the growth of insulin-producing beta cells and insulin secretion. This finding may lead to the development of new treatments that stimulate beta cell growth to treat type 1 and type 2 diabetes.
A recent study by Saint Louis University researcher Edward Weiss found that about half of Americans have a version of the FABP2 gene that affects fat metabolism, increasing their risk of developing diabetes. Lifestyle factors such as diet and exercise can help mitigate this risk.
A new study found that folic acid supplements can substantially reduce the risk of isolated cleft lip with or without cleft palate in babies. Researchers discovered that taking 0.4 milligrams of folic acid per day during pregnancy can lower this risk by one-third.
A new EGFR antibody shows promise in treating lung cancer by targeting activated receptors. In a mouse model, the antibody caused significant tumor regression where cetuximab failed.
Researchers at St. Jude Children's Research Hospital discovered that the disorderly protein p27 participates in its own destruction by dislodging a phosphate tag from CDK2, allowing it to trigger cell division. Abnormal kinases can prematurely release p27, leading to cancer.
Research by Pino G. Audia and Jack A. Goncalo suggests that successful inventors' creative output decreases over time, while collaboration and exploration goals can help manage this phenomenon. The study's findings have implications for R&D managers seeking to boost their departments' productivity.
A novel method developed by Illinois researchers allows for the visualization of individual membrane fusion events, revealing unprecedented details about this fundamental life phenomenon. The technique, based on fluorescence resonance energy transfer (FRET), enables the study of SNARE-mediated membrane fusion at a single-vesicle level.
Research has found that brain damage to a specific area called the insula may help smokers quit by eliminating their addiction to nicotine. Twelve out of thirteen participants who experienced this type of damage were able to quit smoking without any reported struggles.
A new study in Current Anthropology examines the effect of genetically modified crops on farmers in Warangal District, India. The research reveals a pattern of 'agricultural deskilling' and reliance on social learning, exacerbated by the spread of Bt cotton seeds.
Stroke-unit care significantly reduces mortality and disability risk for acute stroke patients, with benefits seen across all age ranges and clinical characteristics. The study's findings support the implementation of dedicated beds and staff for stroke patients within hospitals.
Researchers at the University of Vermont have developed a 'whey-based fungal micro-factory' to combat the eastern hemlock tree's decline due to an exotic pest. The approach involves spraying a sweet whey solution with targeted fungus into infected forests, promoting self-replication and reducing pesticide use.
Researchers have identified a new variation of a platinum-nickel alloy that significantly increases oxygen-reduction catalysis on the cathode in polymer electrolyte membrane (PEM) fuel cells. This breakthrough could eliminate existing limitations and make PEM fuel cell technology more viable for transportation applications.
Researchers found that individuals with high appearance-based rejection sensitivity experience low self-esteem, neuroticism, and disordered eating habits. Self-affirmation and close relationships can buffer these negative effects, reducing symptoms of anxiety and depression.
A new study suggests that artificial stimulation of CD28 on memory T cells can cause severe organ damage. Researchers found that activated memory T cells migrate to organs where there is no infection, leading to significant tissue harm.
Researchers found that brain damage to insula region in smokers can completely eliminate the body's urge to smoke. Damage to this structure may offer leads for new therapies to help smokers quit or monitor their progress with existing treatments.
Critically ill patients receiving early enteral nutrition had lower rates of liver dysfunction compared to those fed through central venous catheters. Early feeding was associated with reduced liver dysfunction, longer ICU stays, but no increased mortality.
Local exposure to traffic on freeways has serious adverse effects on children's lung development, with increased rates of asthma and respiratory diseases. Lung-function deficiency is related to residential exposure to traffic, particularly within 500m of a major road.
Researchers found that increased expression of HO-1 and administration of carbon monoxide protected mice from MS. In contrast, mice lacking HO-1 developed more severe disease. The study suggests modulating HO-1 expression or administering carbon monoxide may be useful therapeutic strategies for treating patients with MS.
A Florida State University researcher has challenged the conventional wisdom on teaching reading, finding that a one-size-fits-all approach is ineffective and that personalized instruction is key. Using diagnostic tools and algorithm-guided individualized instruction, teachers can tailor curriculum to each student's unique needs.
Researchers identified p38-regulated/activated protein kinase (PRAK) as an essential component mediating ras-induced senescence and tumor suppression. The study found that PRAK activation inhibits tumor development, laying the groundwork for new cancer therapy.
A team of Boston scientists has discovered that FoxOs are critical in preventing some cancers, maintaining blood vessel stability, and keeping blood-forming stem cells healthy. The researchers found that mice lacking FoxO genes had serious blood abnormalities, including rapid division and depletion of stem cells.
A survey of 4,839 West Australian women found nearly 80% consumed alcohol in the three months before pregnancy, with more than half drinking during pregnancy despite recommendations. The study highlights the need for effective health promotion messages to reach women of child-bearing age.
Researchers at UC Davis have created luminescent, magnetic nanoparticles that can be used for tests of environmental pollution and contamination in food products. The particles can also be labeled with antibodies or DNA for genetic analysis, and have the potential to revolutionize medical diagnostics.
Research suggests that brown algae polyphenols (BAPs) extracted from a marine seaweed can reduce the number of skin tumors by up to 60% and their size by up to 43%. The substances also reduced inflammation, with lower levels of COX-2 and prostaglandin E2 detected in BAP-treated animals.
A team of researchers has discovered a unique hybrid species of butterfly in the Sierra Nevada mountains, with genes from both parent species. The study suggests that natural selection played a crucial role in its evolution, highlighting the importance of understanding how animal species emerge.
A recent USC study reveals that children who live within 500 meters of a freeway have substantial deficits in lung function by age 18 compared to those living farther away. This highlights the importance of reducing exposure to traffic pollution for healthy lung development.
A new unified score, ABCD², has been developed to predict stroke risk within 2 days of TIA more accurately than existing scores. This improvement can help guide clinical decisions and optimize secondary prevention strategies.
A $1 million grant will fund a five-year study using bioremediation to promote bacterial growth in soil subsurface, scrubbing radioactive metal. This method has the potential to clean up an estimated 1.7 trillion gallons of contaminated water and 40 million cubic meters of contaminated soil nationwide.
Researchers used MRI to detect macrophages in arterial walls, which indicate inflammation and cardiovascular disease. The study found a 79% increase in detection compared to baseline images, suggesting a potential noninvasive screening tool for heart attack risk.
Researchers at the University of Texas Medical Branch discovered a potential method to prevent failed back surgery syndrome (FBSS) by applying a local anesthetic, Lidocaine, to the exposed spinal cord before surgery. The technique successfully blocked the release of chemicals associated with FBSS and reduced sensitivity in rats.
An observational study published in The Lancet found that thrombolytic drug alteplase is safe and effective in routine clinical use when used within 3 hours of stroke onset. This suggests that intravenous treatment with alteplase could be considered as part of routine care for suitable stroke patients.
Researchers found that a key protein is crucial for pneumonic plague's development. Disabling this protein slows the deadly attack, potentially giving doctors time to administer antibiotics and save patients.
A new strategy for fighting cancer aims to make its genes get lost in translation, silencing oncogenes by targeting weak messenger RNAs. The researchers discovered a small molecule that effectively inhibits the translation of these weak mRNAs, leading to the decline of cancer-promoting proteins.
A new study has found that the ADH1B*3 allele appears to protect against alcoholism in Afro-Trinidadians, while increasing the risk for liver disease among those who drink heavily. Individuals with this allele have lower alcohol consumption levels and are less likely to be alcohol-dependent.
Researchers at Cedars-Sinai Medical Center successfully cultured stem cells from human bone marrow that can differentiate into neurons and other central nervous system cells. These cells exhibit behaviors similar to those derived from brain tissue, suggesting a promising approach for treating brain disorders and tumors.
The study found that the brain's reward centers are activated when thinking about potential gains, but turned down for potential losses. Neural activity in areas such as the prefrontal cortex and ventral striatum is more sensitive to possible losses than gains, predicting individual differences in risk-aversion.
Researchers at University of California, San Diego found a molecular link between chronic inflammation and cancer development. The protein p100 enables communication between inflammatory response and normal cell growth, but excessive levels may overactivate developmental pathways, leading to cancer.
Researchers have discovered a new antibody that effectively regresses lung tumors in mice with two types of lung cancer driven by mutant forms of the EGFR protein. The study highlights the potential therapeutic benefits of this antibody, ch806, for treating patients with specific lung cancer mutations.
Researchers at Tufts University are developing soft-bodied robots inspired by biology, which could revolutionize medical diagnosis and treatment, as well as space exploration. The project aims to create devices that can adapt to different environments and perform tasks such as climbing and burrowing.
A new scoring system, ABCD-squared, predicts early stroke risk after TIA with higher accuracy than existing scores. The system assigns points based on clinical features such as blood pressure, weakness, and diabetes to identify groups at high, moderate, or low-risk.
Researchers found that increased HO-1 expression and carbon monoxide administration protect mice from MS. Mice lacking HO-1 develop more severe disease, but administering carbon monoxide reverses symptoms in already affected mice.
A recent study found that MRI is more sensitive and reliable for detecting acute stroke than CT, with a sensitivity of 83% compared to CT's 26%. This suggests that MRI should be the preferred test for accurate diagnosis in clinical practice.
A possible association has been found between a popular MRI contrast agent and the incidence of nephrogenic systemic fibrosis in patients with kidney disease. The study recommends avoiding gadodiamide in patients with any degree of renal disease due to the vast majority of NSF cases being associated with its use.
Researchers found that damage to the insula, a brain region linked to emotion and feelings, enables smokers to quit instantly. The discovery opens new directions for therapies targeting this specific region.
The RAND Corporation is conducting a $12 million study to improve understanding of the factors that influence children's educational and social development in Los Angeles County. The study, which has already yielded insights into neighborhood influences on children, aims to enroll 1,000 additional families across 60 neighborhoods.
Researchers found a distinctive, arboreal rodent in Peru's Manu National Park with long dense fur and a blackish crest. The discovery sheds light on the evolution of Neotropical arboreal rodents.
In a groundbreaking experiment, researchers found that fish can use transitive inference to understand their place in the pecking order. By observing rival males fight and watching which rival they spent more time near, bystander fish could infer their relative strength and navigate social hierarchies.
A new paradigm in immune regulation has been discovered, where LAG-3 protein acts as an immunological molecular brake controlled by the strength of the T cell receptor signal. The study shows that cleavage of LAG-3 proteins on activated T lymphocytes allows them to greatly increase their proliferation rate during an immune response.
Researchers found a rare Y chromosome type, known as hgA1, in one third of men with a specific Yorkshire surname, suggesting a centuries-old connection to Africa. The study sheds light on the complex history of human migration and challenges traditional notions of racial identity.
Multidetector CT (MDCT) technology can accurately detect bowel perforations without the need for contrast media, making it a game-changer in emergency medicine. The study found that MDCT correctly identified bowel perforation in 73 of 85 patients.